Makhnovshchina - ka anarchism paha ka powa?

Makhnovshchina - he ea i ke Kanawai War, ka ideology o i he mau hiʻona o ka anarchism. Ka inoa hele mai, mai ka inoa o ka alihi kaua o na anarchists - Nestor Makhno. Ma ka mōʻaukala o ke Kanawai War, ke kii o Nestor Makhno noho i kūikawā wahi, keia mythical meʻe, a ma ka kūhelu moʻokalaleo mea ikaika io huahelu o kaʻenemi, me ka adventurer kālai'āina, he powa la. Mau hoʻokokoke mai i ku mai i ka noʻonoʻo loi, nele i ka lawa ka hohonu, kaumaha Documentary argumentation. Ka mea, ua hana i ka hewa kiʻi mea ole wale kekahi kanaka akā, i ka pauʻike manaʻo o ka lawelawe ola, e like me ka Makhnovshchina i ke Kanawai ke Kaua.

I ka wa o ka neʻeʻana i hanau Nestor Makhno?

Ke me Kinohi hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka 1918. Makhnovshchina i ke Kanawai Kaua i ka kekahi nohona kiʻi. Nā poʻe hao wale ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Makhno hele hema Katerinoslavshchina kauwa, ka poe i 'Imi komo i loko o ke kukuluia'na o ka Soviet mana i loko o Ukraine i loko o ka hapa mua o ka 1919. Ka mea, ua pili keia wā o ko lākou mau hana, a haawi ia ia i loko o kēia puke. A laila, i ke ala Makhnovists a me ka Army Red hoomaka ae la e diverge hou a me ka mamao. I loko nō o kēia, hoʻokani na kipi i ke kūlana nui i loko o ke pio ana o Denikin, Wrangel a laila.

Nestor Makhno - he loea hoʻokuhikuhi

Ma ka paio e ku ei ka poe enemi o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, Nestor Makhno hoike ana ia ia i ka loea hoʻokuhikuhi a me ka palapala guerrilla luna koa. Ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana, ma kekahi mau minute hui pu me na umi o na tausani o ke kauwa.

Ma ka naau o na oko ma waena o ka Makhnovists a me ka Soviet Aupuni moe rejection peasantry pilikino E pili ana i "kaua communism", e like me kekahi mau manao o ka Bolsheviks a me anarchists ka moku'āina ka kūlana i loko o ka hana o ka socialism ma. i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka hou oicyenoaaiiie kulekele o ka hapanui o ke kauwa ma hope haʻalele Makhno hao wale. Makhnovshchina - ka neʻeʻana i hoomaka ae la e loaʻa i ke ano o ka pili aupuni gangsterism. ʻae nō hoʻi, i kēia mea, a i Makhno, ka mea i loko o ia a eia hahau o ka Red Army, e hooki aku i hou kaua ma August 1921 i kela kapa o ka mokuna me Romania.

Kanawai ma Nestor Mahno anarchistic neʻe

Keia o kona manao ke e loaʻa i loko o ka Makhnovshchina. Kēia neʻeʻana Ua lilo ke ano o ka "brainchild" o Nestor Makhno. Insurgents pinepine kapa wale no keia e like me "makuakane."

Keia kipi inoa ka mea, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe, a pinepine i kakau inoa i ka palapala lehulehu.

Ma ka pau ana o ka 1918 Nestor Makhno e hoʻokele i hui ma lalo o kona noho luna ana o ka hapanui o na kipi hui ke hoʻohana i loko o ka māhele 'āina. I ka pau ana o ka 1918, Nestor Makhno, pu me ka Soviet koa lawelawe 'ia i ka' aʻa 'ana i ka hopu Ekaterinoslav, akā, ua pōkole-i noho ai i ka pomaikai. Ke kulanakauhale i kekahi, me ka nui poho.

Nestor Makhno a me ka Soviet aupuni

Ma Pepeluali 1919, i ka 'aelike ma ke komoʻana o kona poʻe kaua i kakauinoaia e kookoo Nestora Mahno ma kaʻulaʻula Zadneprovski Māhele like me ka 3rd Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - ka neʻeʻana i ike okoa koa wiwoʻole i loko o nā kaua e kū'ē i ka poʻe hao wale o ka Entente, a keʻokeʻo ma ka pūnāwai o 1919. Ka mea, ua pio Mariupol. Akā, ma waena o nā kipi, a me ka Bolsheviks he mau hoopaapaa oko ao ma ideological nīnūnē. Makhno hiki i ike i ka rula o ka dictatorship o ka proletariat, a me ka "kaua communism", ka oi aku o ka loaʻa pākeu, a me ka socialization o ka mahiai. Mauʻokoʻa Ua lilo ano hoomainoino me ka mau ikaika i loko o ka luawai o ka 1919, alakai aku i ka manao e hāʻiliʻili aku, a lilo iho la ia i ka mea e hina ai ma ka hoahanau Trotsky hemo aku i ka paio ku e mai i ka "kīpoʻohiwi e" i loko o ka Ukrainian alo ma hope.

Ke kūlana o ka anarchist neʻeʻana i loko o ke pio ana o ka poe koa A.Denikin

Ma 'Aukake 1919, Nestor Makhno kūkala i ka hoʻokumu o ka insurgent kaua hoʻokahuli aupuni o Ukraine. O kana mau hana i hoʻomōhala kuhikuhi ma ke kaua kū'ē iā Denikin, ka mea ma ia manawa i luna o ka hapanui o ka Ukraine, a alakai aku la i ka holomua kūpono 'ma Moscow. Ma September Makhno komo aku i loko o ka pōkole-kau kuikahi me ka Army Ukrainian People ka Repubalika ma ka olelo ana e ku e ia Denikin. Ma ke kaua o Peregonovka kokoke Uman Makhnovists wawahi maikai luna shelves keʻokeʻo, a laila, i ka kokololio Pilisetia i loko o ka hope o ka mea keʻokeʻo ma kaʻaoʻao hema o Ukraine, laila, i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1919 aneane loa disorganized ia. Makhno i keia manawa hoopio i ke kulanakauhale o Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, hailona, Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. Ua nui mea i puʻe wale akula kēlā General A. Denikin ka pono lio huahelu wehe 'ia mai ka Bolshevik alo, a hoolei aku ia lakou e ku ei na kipi. Kēia, ma ka huli, ae kaʻulaʻula pau ana i ka mua o Anton Denikin, a hoohuli ae i ke au i loko o lākou ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai. Akā, i kēia manawa i ka piha-fledged kuikahi me kaʻulaʻula Makhno pilikia.

Once Denikin weliweli i ua lanakila, no ka Red Army mai January 1920 alakaʻi i ke kaua, e luku aku i ka Makhnovist. I ke kauwela o 1920 i ka hope 3 Pilisetia ma luna o ka hema-Bank Ukraine, ma ka mau, ka uhaʻiʻana i ka 1400 mile. Ma ka haule ana o ka 1920, manaʻo Ua hoʻohana hou Makhno i loko o ke kaua me ka poe koa o General Wrangel. Makhnovist lio hahai i loko o ka hope o ke keʻokeʻo, komo i loko o ka i kela kapa o ka Sivash a me Perekop fracture pale a me Yushuni. Koke ma hope o ka hopu ana o ka Crimeaʻulaʻula i loko o ke kanana 'mahuka a hemo i ka hou ana, e luku aku i ke kipi.

Makhnovshchina, makahiki o ka honua i hiki ke kapa i ka 1918, ua loaʻa iā ia he hiohiona hopena ma luna o nā hanana o ke Kanawai Kaua ma ka ?? eoi? O Ukraine.