Malamalama 'ākeʻakeʻa

'Ākeʻakeʻa kŰia mea, he pono ole ia a pau ano o ka hawewe: acoustic, electromagnetic a me na mea e ae. No ia mea, ina o ka malamalama, he nalu, ka waiwai, ka superposition o ka Puchkov Sveta mau hiki ole wale e alakai i ka māhuahua, akā, no hoi, e hoonawaliwali i ka malamalama paha, ma na olelo e ae, malamalama 'ākeʻakeʻa ia lŘlŘ. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka hoʻi i hoʻohui kanawai o ka malamalama kaola elua hiki i ka pouli, a, figuratively olelo ana, malamalama hua hoʻohui malamalama ke haawi aku i ka pouli. Experience keʻae i kēia hopena.

E kiʻi i ke kaʻina o nā manaʻo aukahi malamalama ale hiki ia, ina o ka laau o ka malamalama emanating mai ke kumu i loko o kekahi alanui e Wāwahi i loko o nā kaola, a laila, na ka mea nana i ulana, e lawe pu, a me ka malamalama kaola na ano o; Kēia i ka mea ala oko ao, a kino kilakila kaola ālai ia 'aʻe.

Ua nui na ano e? Ii mau ana.

I kekahi hoʻokolohua, he Palani physicist Fresnel wahi kumu kukui kaola no ua Wāwahi i loko o nā kaola e kumu o nā aniani keleawe elua kau i kekahi i kekahi i ka huina kokoke i ka 180 °.

Light na kukuna e hele mai ana, mai ke kumu S a hiki i ka pale AA. Direct kukuna mai i haule ma o ka pale, e like me ka mea, e hookaulua ka QC paku.

E pale S, mai ke kumu mai o ka malamalama hawewe ÷ la i mea hele ma nā alanui o kekahi lōʻihi, a no laila, lohi ma ka pili ana i kekahi i kekahi. Ka hawewe i i lewa mai aniani keleawe i loko o S a me au a me II, he mau nenoai o ka manaʻo aukahi nalu SB₁OC₁C₁ a me SB₂OC₂C₂, me he mea la emanating, mai ke kumu S₁ a me S₂, i mea wahahee kiʻi S i loko o ke aniani aʻu a me II.

Ma OS₁S₂ makahiki, alternating pouli a me ka malamalama kaula.

Ho'ākāka 'ia ma Fresnel hana o ka kŰia o hoʻomakākiu like malamalama' ākeʻakeʻa rula mea puni hoʻi, akā, ia mea technically paʻakikī.

Splitting ka malamalama kaola i loko o nā kaola, ukali ma ka stacking ia lŘlŘ ka wā hoomalamalamaia mai la ma ka malamalama kukuna lahilahi Film o. He loa oluolu i ka malama 'ākeʻakeʻa o ka malamalama ma lahilahi Film o ke kopa Oe. Loaa ma ka uea maoli ke kopa ho film a me ka mālamalama ia me ka malamalama mai ka ulaula kahi, a ma muli hoʻi o kā mākou pāhana ka o kaʻohiʻana maka aniani ho film ma luna o ka pale. Ma ka pale i ke kiʻi o ka ho film ma mua pono i ke kōā kaulike naauao ana. Akā, i thinning o ka ho film ma muli o ka wai nōkahea (i loko o ka lalani mua, a laila, i loko o nā māhele o ka mea) hōʻike alternating ulaula a me ka pouli ana papamoe, kaula. Me ka hou ano hoohanohano o ka ho film malama kumu ua hoʻololi: ma ka wahi o ka pouli poe hao wale ikeiaʻulaʻula, a Hope versa. Ke kiʻi Ua like ia me ka uhi ana ke kopa ho film i loko o kekahi homogeneous malamalama. Na ia mau kumu ke ke malama ma lalo o hoʻomālamalama o Film o nā waiwai, e like me kaʻaila slicks ma luna o ka wai ili honua.

He aha ke ano o na mea e hiki mai ma luna o kekahi kopa ho film hoomalamalamaia mai la ia e kaʻaʻahu malamalama? Laua na kukuna o ka malamalama e haule ana ma luna o ka ho film. Lewa mai kona luna, a malalo palena, a pela e loaa alanui koena unuhi ia lŘlŘ 'ākeʻakeʻa o ka malamalama kukuna ka wā noi ma luna o kekahi i kekahi. Inā e ohi i ka maka aniani ma luna o ka pale, ua loaa i ka moʻo o ka malamalama ka hahau ana, a ua puunaueia ma ka pouliʻanuʻu. I hoʻomālamalama mai o ka ho film me keʻokeʻo malamalama 'ākeʻakeʻa kumu ua loaa ia i nā pōpō. Kēia mea i kaʻilihune o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o keʻokeʻo malamalama, i ua haku o okoa hawewe ho okumu i loko o ke 'ākeʻakeʻa a me ka Maxima minima o ka malamalama ma na wahi likeʻole.

Ke alo aku o ka alternating malamalama a me ka pouli ka poe hao wale o monochromatic malamalama, e like me ka mea ana spectra i loko o ka hihia o keʻokeʻo malamalama Hōʻike kona nalu waiwai.

Ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana malamalama 'ākeʻakeʻa i loaʻa i loko o ka lole komoʻuʻuku nona optics. He aha ka mea?

Light i ka hana 'ia ma luna o ka maka aniani ua hapa lewa; i ka like ana o ka malamalama lewa mea nō kāu he mau pakeneka. Nā aniani kaulona holomua'ōnohi 'enehana nō o ka maka aniani nenoaiu. E like me ka hopena, manaʻo ma ka ili o kēlā me kēia maka aniani mea he nui attenuation o ka malamalama. I ka ho'ēmi i keia kanawai, no ka ili ana o kēlā me kēia maka aniani 'ākeʻakeʻa ka penaʻana ua noi me ka lahilahi Auana.

Na ka penaʻana mānoanoa Ua koho ai i ka lewa hawewe i 'oni iki ma ka hapa-nalu, a ma ke' ākeʻakeʻa, ka mea ana kekahi i kekahi. Aia E e ole noʻonoʻo poho, a me ka malamalama ikehu a pau ae ma ka maka aniani. Ke kiʻi e hōʻike hou vivid - optics "naauao."