Margarita Aliger haku mele: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

Margarita Aliger, nona Kawaihae meaʻano hoihoi mai kânaka o kona hana - ke kaulana Soviet haku mele, i hookoia ka Stalin lua o ka lua o ke degere no ka poem "Zoe" i ka wiwoʻole mama o Soviet kaikamahine Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

kamaliʻi

, Ua hanau He kanaka maoli o ke kulanakauhale o Odessa, Margarita Aliger, Kawaihae a mākou i ike ma 'Okakopa 7, 1915 a hiki i ka ohana Iudaio o haʻahaʻa ke kula. Mom ua he housewife, me kona makua kāne - Ua hiki no comprehensively erudite kanaka, ma ka mea e hanai kona ohana, ho'āʻo e hana ma kekahi mea: e haawi ana haʻawina, ia i malamaia ma ka likeʻole ma o kaʻoneki, unuhi. Rita ua i kona aloha keiki wale nō a me ka nui. Ia ianei i ua 9 makahiki kahiko, me kona makua kāne i hala aku.

Kauhalenui ola

Mai ke kakahiaka kamaliʻi, ke kaikamahine ua loa leʻaleʻa o ka heluhelu, hoopakela aku na hana o Pushkin a me Nekrasov, a i ka hoao ana mua, e kākau laina o ka poetry. Kona palapala, ai 'talena, ua hoomaka ae la e hoike mai i loko o ka makahiki kula: no ka mea a pau icai a me ka nui hanana. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ke kula hoʻomau kona mau haʻawina i loko o Nine Inch oaoieei-kula,ʻo ia hana i loko o laua ma ka hola a me ka makaukau e kuhikihi ana i ko lakou mau ola me ka kemika. Ma hope o nā makahiki, Margarita ike i Central i kona ola mea poetry a me ka moʻokalaleo. I kona makahiki 16, ua haʻalele kula a neʻe i Moscow, kahi iho la i kona noʻeau Debut. Nele me kŰia ke kulanui, lalau aku la ia i ke kihi, i hele aku i ka hana, mua i ka hale waihona puke OGIZ Institute, a ma hope ma ka hola nupepa. I ka makahiki 1933, hoomaka ae la oia e e paʻiʻia ma ka "Ogonyok" Magazine, i he ikaika lohe ana o kona mau palapala, ai 'papa: mua paʻi puke he poem "Rain" a me ka "maʻamau o ke ola".

Margarita Aliger:ʻike hoʻokumu

I ka makahiki 1934, Margaret lilo i ka haumāna no ka Institute o Moʻolelo ka inoa hope o Maxim Gorky, ma ke aʻo i wahi a hiki i 1937. ʻeleu ka paʻi o poem a me na helehelena hoomaka i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli: o ka honua i ka mea hoiliili me "Year o Birth", "na pohaku a me ka mauu", "alahao". Mai ka makahiki 1934 a hiki i 1939, Margaret hele i ka hailona, kipa Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus a me Ukraine. i ka pilina Oia kipa i ka hanau ana o ka hou poem, i i paʻiʻia ma ka likeʻole no ka luna hoʻopukaʻiʻo nō. No ka unuhi hana, i ka palaoa i ka manawa, a ua waiho loihi ana no na makahiki, ka mea, o Laielohelohe kula kiʻekiʻe 'nā hoapili Lugovskoy V. a me P. Antokolsky. Ka palapala, ai unuhi Margarita i ka mea e hiki no i ka Lūkini mea heluhelu no ka ike lea i ka hana o nā kākau mai kekahi mau aina, a 'ike i ka originality a me ka individuality o kela mea keia mea o lakou.

o ka mua ia nā kumu kāki

Margarita Aliger mea kekahi o eha haku mele (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), i haku i ka pauku episetole i ka'ōlohe wiwo kanaka o Spain i ke kaua kūloko ma ia aina, a i ke kumu noonoo ana o Stalin a me kona manao aloha, no ka haku mele hana. Like loa o kona wā i loko o ka 30s Aliger Margarita losifovna noho i loko o ka mana o nei kaʻao e pili ana i ka Soviet Union like me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka hou o ko ke ao nei, o ka ke kaiāulu no ka Soviet Union like ka loa nani a me ka maikaʻi, no Stalin - like me ka poe naauao, a me ka nui o na alihi kaua. Haku mele hui i ka Komsomol, a ma ka 1938 Margaret ua he lâlâ 'o ka mea kākau' Union, a hoa o ka Apana papa o Krasnaya Presnya. I ka 1939, ua hookoia i ka haku mele i ka mua aupuni ia nā kumu kāki - i ka Papa Hanohano o ke pihi o Honor.

Family ola Margarity Aliger

I ka 1937 Margarita Aliger, kona Kawaihae ua pili loa i pili me ka poetry a me ka moʻokalaleo, hana mai i ka 'ohana me ka bipi keiki haku mele Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. Ma ka loiloi mua kahua o ka noho pu ana 'ohana ka pomaikai kūʻia ma luna o ka mea ola: he ola' aʻole i lawa pono i nā haʻawina. Ma hope o make iho la i ka eha, a hoʻolōʻihiʻia maʻi hoʻokahi makahiki kahiko keiki i loko o ka hui, i ke kane hāʻawi manawaleʻa no ka alo, a ua pepehi i nā lā mua o ke kaua. I mea e hoomanao ai no kana wahine, kona make Margarita ua nui ka hana e hele ana ma, ua hoolaa ai i ka poem "Me ka pōkā i loko o koʻu naʻau, I noho i loko o ka honua" a me ka "Music." Constantine e hoʻokele i kākau poem ma luna o kana wahine i ka mau o ke mele a me ka hoʻokani piano'āpana: ka huali, a melodic. Mai keia mare ana i loko o nā lima o Marguerite koe kaikamahine Tatiana, a a laila e hoʻohui i kona ola me ka poetry. He make ana o ke koko i loko o Ka maʻi 'aʻai 1974. Ka makua kāne o ka lua o ka kaikamahine Masha ua Alexander Fadeev, i ka manawa i mare ai i Angelina Stepanova - mea hana keaka o ka Moscow Art Kino, a ua hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho i ka makahiki 1956. Ke kaikamahine muli o nā mea hōʻike - he maikai loa kaikamahine, he ohana a me ka German haku mele Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, neʻe i loko me ia i Germany. Family ola i ole e hana, Maria noho ma London, i komo i loko o ke kākau 'ana a me ka buke' atikala, unuhi mai English, ka poe i ike pono loa. A laila, a pau hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho i loko o ka makahiki 1991.

Margarita Aliger: poem o ke kaua

Mai 1938 a hiki i 1940 Margaritoy Aliger ekolu puke o poem i paʻiʻia,? Oaony hou papahana, akā, ka mea, ua loli ke kaua, pololei a me ka koke komo i loko a Marguerite i manao ai i kona paakiki, kela la i keia hana ma wartime rula, kahi o nā keikiʻelua a me ke ola ana - o ka ia me na ola he nui na miliona o Soviet wahine, koa 'makuwahine, na wahinekanemake a me na keiki makua ole o. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua Aliger Margarita losifovna hana i hoʻopilikia Leningrad koa correspondent no ka nupepa "Stalin ka manu lele" ma paha me ka luna hoʻoponopono i mau holo i wahi likeʻole o ke alo. Hoiliili ole o kona mau poem ( "I mea e hoomanao ana i na koa", "poem a me ka poem", "Lyrics") Aliger hoʻolaʻa ai i ka poe e, e ku ana ma ka mua a me ka maopopo mua na minuke make, e hoomalu aku i ko lakou aupuni; ia mea wale nō i ke aloha i kēia mau koa naau, oia a me miliona o Soviet kanaka ke ola, ka hana a me ka manaoio i loko o ka wā e hiki mai. I ka 1942, ua palapala mai i ka poem "Zoe," a e haʻi ana i ka mama Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. E ho okumu i kēia kaulana hana o Margarita 'Imi kaʻohiʻana i nā puke, au halawai me na kanaka, ka poe i ike Zoe: kona makuwahine, kumu, hoa, partisans no ka mea o ke kaikamahine e heluhelu ana i kona kula me ka buke, palapala aie buke, hana i alakai aku ai i ka pono, e kākau e pili ana i ka heroism o Soviet wahine. Kaʻoi loa no ka mea, o keia huahana ka inoa Margarity Aliger loaa kona kaulana, a lilo iho la ia i ka hōʻailona o patriotic propaganda. No ka mea poem "Zoe" Margarita Aliger hoʻolahaʻia ke kānāwai i kakauinoaia e Stalin ma March 21 , 1943 Ua hookoia ka Stalin lua o ka lua o ka degere. 2 pule ma hope, ma ka April 3 i loko o nā nūpepa i paʻi i ka palapala mai Marguerite, ma a ka haku mele noi mai iaʻu, e haawi aku i ka uku nui i loaa i loko o ka nui o ka 50 000 rubles no ka pono o ka Red Army a me ka hōʻoi 'kona mea kaua uea'. Naʻe, ua i oleloia anywhere kēia lokomaikaʻi hana. I ka pomaikai o ka poem "Zoe" hooeueuia lakou Margarita, e hana i kekahi hana keaka hana me ka ia theme like. No laila, i ka hula-hana keaka Ua hana "ka moʻolelo no ka oiaio", i loaa i ka pomaikai nui i waena o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mahele. Stalin ka make ma hope, i haiia mai e manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni "mediocre" haku mele Margaret.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola ana i ka haku mele

I ka 1955, haku mele Margarita Aliger komo i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka "palapala, ai 'Moscow" - ka ai-kapaia thaw Alemanaka, ua he lâlâ' o ka Union o mea kākau o ka RSFSR, a me ka USSR.

I 60-70 makahiki, ka haku mele Hooloihi hoi i ka palapala, ai 'haʻawina, e mau paʻi kona mau hana, Margaret kipa nui aina, a palapala iho la i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka poem e like me "Japanese Notes", "mau halawai", "kaumaha Spain", "Mai ka Palani puke noke" "Italy o koʻu uhane", "poem, mai kahi mamao aku," "e hoʻi iā Chile." Ma ka 70 la makahiki i hele mai i ka mau puke mua, i paʻiʻia poem a poem Margarity Aliger, i ka makahiki 1984 - he ekolu-buke ohi ana o na hana.

Margarita Aliger, Kawaihae mea he maoli hoihoi i loko o ka he hanauna, ka poe i makemake e hoopa aku i ka oihana koa i hala, make iho la o August 1, 1992 ma ka wahi o kona Kauhale i loko o ka ulia: haule i loko o ka hiamoe nui lua. kanu haku mele i loko o ka pā ilina ma Peredelkino ma kahi o kā lākou mau kaikamāhine.