Mikhail Tukhachevsky: Hawaii photo, he pōkole Kawaihae o Tuhachevskogo Mihaila Nikolaevicha

Tukhachevsky i kekahi o na luna loa loea a me ka pono-ike no ka Red Army i ke Kanawai ke Kaua. He ua i waena o ka mea mua elima Ilamuku o ka Soviet Union. Tukhachevsky Ua pana pua i loko o 1937 i ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka i loko o ka Red Army.

Ke koho ana o ka oihana 'oihana

Tukhachevsky Ua hanau February 16, 1893 i loko o ke aliʻi ohana. Ke keiki i loko o kakahiaka kamaliʻi ua leʻaleʻa o ke mele. He aʻo e pāʻani i ka violin. Nui hope, i ka koa i mau hoaaloha a me ka haku mele Dmitri Shostakovich.

Ma ka Ewa o ka First World War Mihail Tuhachevsky Alexandrov ia i puka 'o ia mai ka oihana kula. He ua ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ka hahau, a me kēia hana i waena o lākou na¯. Mua Tukhachevsky wehe uʻi 'oihana ka manaʻolana' ia. Ke kauwela o 1914, ke koa hoʻoholo, e hele i ka Semenov regiment. I ka wā e hiki mai,ʻo ia ke hele i ka Academy o ka General Staff.

A makahiki mua ma Moscow, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, i ka hookahakaha o ka 300th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai, i hōʻike mai iā ia i ka Emperor Rotehama II. I ka wā e hiki mai, a hiki i kona ola i kekahi alii, a me ka hope Soviet luna imi e hoʻokō i kā mākou i kā lākou mau 'oihana kahua. Me ke kanalua, oia ua pīhoihoi, a purposeful. Nui wale na makamaka a me na hoalauna hoʻohālike au iā ia i Napoleon. No ka laʻana, me kona irrepressible 'iʻini i loko o kona mau memoirs, paʻiʻia ma Palaka i ka 1928, hoʻomanaʻo aʻela classmate Vladimir Postoronkin.

Ka tsarist koa

Ua nui na manawa, Mikhail Tukhachevsky ikaika aa ai mamua aku, a i makau ole ai i kekahi henua hana ma ka mea e lawe ka lanakila o ka pukaʻana manawa kūpono ma mua o ka ona. E like me ke koa, ka mea, ua nui loa laki ia ia i ka manawa ia Rusia ua hoano e ka First World a me ke Kanawai War.

'ōlelo, a me ka ia Episode. ʻO ka manawa o ka maluhia, ke aʻo 'ana mai i ka papa kiʻekiʻe makahiki o kona mau koa kula, Mikhail Tukhachevsky kākau ihola i ka palapala hoike no ke alakaʻi, i hoike ma misconduct o Junior cadets. Ua hoʻomaka hana. E like me ka hopena, ekolu Junkers (Krasovskiy, Avdeev a me Janowski) suicides.

Kelemānia pio

I World War I, i pio ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia Tukhachevsky. Ke hoʻomoana, ma Ingolstadt,ʻo ia iʻike i ka wā e hiki mai Palani Peresidena Charles de Ka Gaulle. A laila, na kumu o ka noho pio ole, ua like me, no ka mea hoike, i loko o ka lehulehu? Neeo eaaa? O Nazi Germany. Pio hoʻokuʻuʻia ma luna o Parole i haalele iho i loko o ke kokoke kulanakauhale. E ho ohana i keia nenoaiu, indulgences, ke aliʻi luna holo.

Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, pōkole Kawaihae a me ke kahua koa hoʻomaka 'ana mai Kelemānia noho pio ana, ua inaina i ka Hawaii. Ua i loko o ka Soviet Union, me Hope Commissar o Pale Kaua, ua make pinepine hoʻokani me diatribes ku ei keia aina.

Polish kai eʻe

Ma hope o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, Tukhachevsky hui i ka Bolsheviks. Ma ka Red Army, oia koke loaʻa ai i ka pomaikai a me ke kaulana. Ma ke kupulau o 1920 Tukhachevsky i hoonohoia luna o ka Western Front, kahi o ka Army Red ua ma ke kaua ana me Poland. Ma keia wahi, ua hee o aneane mai'ō a'ō i ka White neʻeʻana. Ano, ua hiki ke neʻe i ka manaʻo o ka manao o ka honua kipi i ka Bolsheviks. Inā ka Army Red ma Poland, na hana kipi ke hoʻomaka i ke koena oʻEulopa. laila, kau aku Lenin ka slogan kaulana "A Warsaw i Pelelina a me Paris."

Ke apogee o ka hoouka kaua ana o Tukhachevsky i ka muli o ke Kaiʻula Army i loko o nā wahi e pili ana o ka Polish kapikala ma 14 August. Eia naʻe,ʻelua lā ma hope ka mea, hoomaka ae la he counteroffensive Pilsudski. E like me ka hopena, i kaʻauamo hiki i Minsk. Ua ua he huina e hoʻopuehu ai. He ia i ua hoʻopili i ka holo pono o Tukhachevsky kino, akā, wale wehewehe ma Pahuhopu kumu. Russian kaua no 7 makahiki, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka First World War. Ka mea, i paupauaho. I ka Ia manawa ka hoʻokahuli aupuni naʻau i loko o nā hana ma Poland, ua nui nawaliwali ma mua o ka makemake o ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa. No na kanaka o keia aina i ka hiki ana o ka Bolsheviks ua kuhikuhi i ke ana o Lūkini.

hoʻopio o Kronstadt

Ka maluhia Kuikahi me Poland Ua kakauinoa ia ma luna o 18 March 1921, i ka manawa ia Tukhachevsky uhi pū i ka uprising ma Kronstadt. He hiki ma Petrograd 5 helu. He Ua Komikina'Āina e hana me na luina kipi ma kekahi wahi mokupuni a hiki i March 8, i ka wa a ka n ieaie? E komo ai o ka X Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Party.

Hoomaka ae la i ka hoʻopio kaulana o cadets, e hele mai ana ma ka hau o ka awawa o Finland. I ka Ia manawa, Lenin ma ka halawai o ka Kalaiaina Buroʻae e ana i ka loaʻa pākeu-haawina, a pela i hooko i kekahi o na koi ana o ka kipi luina, o kona lepohao ohana starve no ka mea, o ka Bolsheviks i aku lākou a pau kekahi mea kanu. Ke kipi Ua uhi pū ma hope o ka lua o ka kīmopō ma March 18. Ma ka Ewa o ke kipi luina waiho iho i ko lakou mau mea kaua, holoi i ka papahele, a kali i kona hopena. emigrated kekahi o ia mau mea a hiki i Finland.

Ke suppression o ke kua'āina kipi

Ka Kronstadt uprising ua ka mua hapa o ka oihana kai eʻe o ka Bolsheviks i ka 1921. Ma hope oʻulupā na luina Tukhachevsky hele Antonovskiy uhi i ke kipi. Kēia kua'āina kipi i hoomaka ai i loko o ka Tambov mokuna ma ka hapalua like-1920. Na ka luna o na kipi ua Alexander Antonov, no ka mea, o ka mea ikea iho la keia e like me ka ee-revolutionaries "Antonovites". Olioli a me ka mea Soviet Aupuni i nā kama'āina i i na mea kaua, a hana i ka Union o ka hana peasantry. Kēia hui Ua hiki hookama kona mau kālai'āina papahana. peasantry koi mea e hoohiolo iho i ka inaina mai Bolsheviks a me ka Constituent Ahaolelo. Antonov Ua kaua kipi no o ka wī weliweli i loko o ke kauhale aie a hiki i ka loaʻa pākeu a me ka puu kūkulu 'ia o ke kaua communism.

I 'Apelila 1921, Efraim Sklyansky, ka mua lima akau o Trotsky a me kona hope i loko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council, Lenin hoouna mai i kekahi Memo i loko o ka mea ana i manao ai i e Tukhachevskogoʻano nui kuleana no ka pio ana o na kipi Tambov. Ke meʻe o ke Kanawai War, naʻe, hiki ole kaua aku i ko lakou mau kanaka. Ua Uaʻae Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich ua hoonohoia i poli luna i loko o ka Tambov mokuna, me kekahi publicity i loko o ka ahakanaka. Koa haawi mai ka mahina, e pakele o "Antonov gangs." I ka Ia manawa Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich loaʻa, mai ka piko mai o nā aliʻi e kāpae ku okoa ana o ka hana. Manawa ua hoike e oia i ia aku.

Ke kaua me na guerrillas

Ma May 6, Tambov hele mai Mikhail Tukhachevsky. A manawa pōkole Kawaihae o ke kanaka mea i laʻana o ka mea hiki wale mai, a kahaha ko oukou naau 'oihana takeoff. I luku mai ai i loko o Poland, o ka luna i ke keʻa ma luna o kona wā e hiki mai. Akā, i ka 1921,ʻo ia, i ke aloha a hiki i ka suppression o ka Kronstadt kipi a me ka uprising Antonovskoe, hiki ole wale e hoaponoia ma ka maka o ka Politburo, akā, i kiʻi i ka manawa e hou paipai i ka luna i loko o ka Red Army.

A e auhau i ke kahua ma luna o ka honua, Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich May 12 puka mai ke kauoha helu 130, e like me a na guerrillas he mau kauwa hoihoi aku. Inā ke kipi i ole e waiho iho i ko lakou mau lima, me kona 'ohana i ua hopu. Hoahanau o elua pule mālama i loko o kūikawā lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. Inā ka mahiai i ole, ua hai mai la, a ma ia hope, i ka ohana hoonoho aku i Siberia.

E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, ma 28 May, ka Army Red hele aku la ma ke kūpono '. June 11 ua i ka hou o ka papa, i ka mea kākau o ka i ua Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich. Ano, ke koa loaa ke kuleana i ka pana kanaka, ka poe hoole, e kapaʻia lākou ma ka inoa. By Augate, i ka expulsion ua undergone ma kahi o 70 tausani lākou poʻe'ōhua. Interestingly, ke Army Tukhachevsky uhi pū uprising Antonovites a me ka wā e hiki mai meʻe o 26 makahiki o ka Great Patriotic War Georgy Zhukov.

Ka hoʻohana o Nine Inch mea kaua

Ma Tambov panalaau Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich i kekahi hou tactic o ke kaua. Ua i loko o na 30s, oiai ma ka zenith ana o kona 'oihana, i palapala mai ai, a me kouʻimi naʻauao kākau. Kekahi mau mea i hoolilo i ka Nine Inch mea kaua. Pili kinoea Tukhachevsky? Aaei haumāna mai aeto. Kēia enehana ua hoʻohana 'ia e fumigate kauwa, mai ka ululaau.

Kinoea hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaka me ka kali hou aku wale nō ma hope o Moscow i lawe mai ai ea paha. New nā kaʻa mokulele hanau hua. Ma ka hapalua like-July 1921, Lenin loaa ka hoike ana i hoʻokumu 'ia ai ka Soviet mana i loko o ka Tambov mokuna mai'ō a'ō. I ka mea kākau o ka pepa ua Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Kawaihae o ke kaua 28-makahiki ia kekahi lanakila ma ke poo o ka Red Army. Antonov suppression o ke kua'āina uprising ua i ke kiekie loa o kana hana i loko o ke kaua. Mai laila,ʻo ia ua paʻa papa kiʻekiʻe oihana keia oihana, akā, i ke kaua i i hiki mai.

"Daimonio o ke Kanawai War"

He aha mea no laila, nui no ka mōʻaukala o ka Soviet Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich? Ke Kawaihae a keia kanaka mea he lea mamuli o ka pono o ko ke alii ka luna i loko o ka Red Army. Ka Bolsheviks hele mai la i ka mana, ua hiki ke loaa i ka War Kanawai, pili kēia mahalo i ka mea i hoomaka no ke kōkua 'ana me ke koa poe akamai i ka poe i malama aku i ke Auguseto.

Ke initiator o keia'ōlewa kulekele i Luna hoomalu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council Lev Trotsky. Ke komo ana o na luna me Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, ma ke Kanawai War hoike mai pehea akau ua Lev Davidovich. Ka mea, i loko o na mea he nui i ka mahalo, ma ke ala, ua like. Trotsky i kapaia "ka daimonio o ke kipi." Lev Davidovich iho i kokua i hoʻomaopopo ai Tukhachevsky. Once aku la ia e pili ana i ke kaua luna koa me "he daimonio o ke Kanawai Kaua."

Maluhia luna ma gunpoint

I ka 1929, i ka Kelemānia akamai hana a hemo misinformation i ka Agena o ka German General Staff mea,ʻaʻole pono ōlaʻi, a me Mikhail Tukhachevsky. laila, huli Photo luna i ka ponoi hoʻokolokolo o ka Soviet malu makai. A hiki ma ke kulanakauhale i kekahi mau moho o ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka i loko o ka Red Army. Hao wale hopuia mau tausani tsarist luna. Elua o ia (Trinity, a Kokorin) i hoike e ku e ia Tukhachevsky. Mua subordinates hoopii ai ia ia a kipi ae la oia e ku e ia i ke aupuni, a me ka makemake e hoonohonoho i ka oihana koa coup.

Ma interrogation, Kokorin a me Trinity hai aku i Stalin. Ua i laila, i ka 1930, i ka lāhui kanaka alakaʻi nō i ka hopena o Tukhachevsky. I koa alakaʻi i waihoʻeleʻele. Aka hoi, Stalin kakali he mau oi makahiki, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoomakaukau ana no ka huina pau e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ana i ka Red Army ia i wahi i ka mea makau nui.

I ke kakahiaka nui kanakolu Tukhachevsky i luna o ka Leningrad Koa Apana. November 7, 1933, i ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, alakai aku la oia i ka parade ma Red Square. I ka makahiki 1935, lilo 'o ia i kekahi o ka mea mua elima Ilamuku o ka Soviet Union. A makahiki ma hope, i ka oihana koa, ua hoonohoia Deputy Pale Kaua Commissar Voroshilov.

e haule ana

I keia manawa, ke hoʻopilikia ulu maʻEulopa. Ma Germany, ka Nazis hele mai i ka mana. Ua Ua holo mai ana kaua, a me Stalin ka mistrust nui ikaika. Ua ua i kona makau i kona iho mana i ke kumu nui no repression i loko o ka Red Army. Popular, kŘpa a opiopio a me ka hoʻonaʻauao Ilamuku Mikhail Tukhachevsky i loko o ke kaua nui, Stalin ia i pono ai.

May 1, 1937, ma hope o ka parade, luna Soviet alakaʻi hoʻomau e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka Holiday keʻena ma ka Voroshilov. Stalin laila, i ka toast aku la i ka "poe enemi" i loko o ka'āina, e e hōʻike ', a luku iho la ia. Ke repression Ua ua hoʻomaka, akā, i ka poʻe koa i ole i hoopa mai. A mau lā ma hope o kēia, e hoohuli ka manaʻoi Tukhachevsky i hoʻokuʻu mai i nā lāʻau kū o ka Hope People ka Commissar o Pale Kaua. He Ua hoounaia mai, e kauoha aku i ka Volga Koa Apana.

I 22, 1937 Ilamuku hopu ma Kuibyshev. Iloko o ka interrogation, Tukhachevsky hoʻokomo akula i ka hoomakaukau ana i ka oihana koa coup. E hana i kēia,ʻo ia allegedly i hele aku ai, e hoonohonoho i ka Red Army pio i loko o ka hope kaua me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me na Kepani. June 11 Tukhachevsky i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make no ka espionage a me ka kipi. He Ua pana ka ia po. Marshall Ua posthumously rehabilitated i ka 1957.