Na Yak-36: hoakaka a me nā kiʻi

Ke Soviet mokulele hana - he kumu o ka haaheo ole wale i nalowale, mai ka palapala o ka Soviet Union, akā, i ke kālā no nā kānakaʻenehana, ka poe i ka poe hooilina o ko lākou illustrious mua. He 'atikala e e kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hanana mokulele. Kēia Yak-36, o kona ano e e hookolokolo aku la ia i loko o au mamuli ano.

prehistory

Ma ona iho, i ka manaʻo o ka e pili ana i ka hanana e lele mīkini, a makemake i ka vertical takeoff a me ka pae, Ikea lōʻihi ma mua o ka hanaia'na o ka pelane, a ua hoʻokō i loko o ka palapala o ka helekopa. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mokulele mea he helekopa like waiwai i hoʻokaʻulua no na makahiki. Ke kumu nui no ke kali hou aku i loko o ke kukuluia'na o ka ia i ka moku i ia mea e ia i ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā mea a pau i ka mana kanu Ua nui loa, a me ka mana - uuku. E like me ka hopena, i ka Phule hihia neʻe wale i loko o ka 1940s, i ka wa a ke ao nei i ike ai turbojets. Mai 'enekinia, a me ka ikea ai ma luna o ka Aha ma mua o ka hana ana o keia mokulele i wahi i ka manawa o elua makahiki.

Authors

Kekahi o na paionia 'ma keia kahua i ka mokulele manao lunaʻenehana Shulikov inoa, a ma ka makahiki 1947, i manaoia o ka hoʻohana' ana o kekahi kūikawā kāna mau kīʻamo o ka turbojet (THD), i i a laila hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka Yak-36.

I kekahi mau mea ma hope Scherbakov akamai i ulu i ka papahana a hoʻomaka hoao ku i loko o ka holo ana o ka mokulele kükohu, a lawe aku la hoʻopapakū, a i ka eheu, akā, i lako pono me ka paʻa o ka hoʻokaʻa turbojet kiko'ī hoʻouka kekahi ma kaʻaoʻao surfaces o ka fuselage. Akā, i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka'ēheu kena i hoohaunaele i loko o ka 'enekinia, papa, a kau i ka hoopau ana i ka mau nō lā hoʻi o kēia papahana.

Yakovlev Design Buro

Ka loa holomua hui, ka mea i komo i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka hoʻopapakū pelane lawe aku, ka mea, ua ka OKB-115, ke poo o ka mea i nā kaʻao Aleksandr Sergeevich Yakovlev. Kēia lunaʻenehana i ka makahiki 1960 i manaoia o ka hooulu ana o ka Yak-104. Ma keia ea moku? Oaony i? Iaanoe mau mea, hoʻoikaika ihola R19-300 engine i ua ia e hoʻohana i huki propulsion hehee wale. Lākou, hookomo iho la o 1600 kgf. E kau engine E e he hookahi Hawaii. Developers? Oaony i ka lele kaumaha o 2800 kg a me 600 kg wahie hookoe mīkini i e lele i kā mākou ka mämä holo o ka 550 km / h, a piʻi i ke kiekie o ka 10 000 mau mika. Ma keia hihia, no ka lele mamao makemake e like me 500 kilomika, a me kona lōʻihi like 'ole i hoʻokahi hora i umi minuke.

Yak-In Project

(- 5000 kg hou mai kēlā me kēia) I April 1961, ua piha i ka mākaukau o ka 'Aha o Kuhina kumuhana ma ka hanaia'na o hookahi bomber me ka mau R21-300 engine. Kēia i mua o ka Yak-36. Ka moku i manao ia e ka holo māmā holo o 1100-1200 km / h ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 1000 mika. Ke kaumaha i ka manawa o ka lawe-aku la e ole e oi aku mamua o 9150 kilograms.

No ka wikiwiki e hana ana i ka noaaeeecaoee a me ka hooponopono ana nenoai, hoao i ka functionality o ka hoʻokaʻa engine nozzles Yak-36 kaumaha ai oukou ia i i i ka hana ho'āʻo ma bomber prototype me na turbojet kiko'ī R21-300, ka mea e hoopanee inideka ua 4.200 kgf. Eia nae, ia laua mīkini lako a hoʻokaʻa nozzles. Kēia palapala i paʻiʻia ma luna o 30 October 1961.

Ka hooulu ana o ka Yak-36 alakaʻi SG Mordovin. Nō hoʻi, nā kānakaʻenehana i ke komo: Sidorov, Pavlov, Bekirbaev Gorshkov.

workflow

A hou hanauna o ka mokulele i wahi i kekahi manawa, i ka wa o ka UK ke kaena kāinoa mua o ka like mokulele "Harier", a i lako pono me ka turbo engine a me nā hui o hoʻokaʻa nozzles. Eia naʻe, Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana hele ma kona aoao, he mau mea kaʻu okoa, mai ke komohana mai.

Ua haawiia ia, ka manaʻo i ka Yak-36, a pehea la ia i kona kūlana i makemake kiko'ī, ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i ka mokulele hēkī hoeuli me ka alahula mau hookomo i hoʻouka kekahi ma ka ihu a me ka huelo o ka fuselage wahi o ka mīkini. Kekahi o ia i ka hana, a pahu aku ma ke 'ano lōʻihi pou. A pau no ka pilikia o ka hoeuli i ole wale i ka mana i ka mokulele hooponopono i loko o transient keia, akā, i hoakaka i ke koena hemolele o ka moku iloko o ke kūpaʻa hoʻolahalahai ma. Like no na Hawaii, ka mea, ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka mokulele ihu, a me ka kīʻamo kau ma luna o ka piko o ka umekaumaha o Yak-36.

Hiʻona o ka mīkini

Ka ho'ākāka 'ia ma hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha no ka mea hoʻomaka o ka mokulele kūpono ma ke ano o ka nele i ka paikikalaʻano kaʻa unicycle me ke kākoʻo i ka ihu, a he mau-huila hope kākoʻo. 'ēheu kūkulu pū i ua holoiʻia i loko o ke ala e hiki aku e ku pono ana i ka Yak-36 Kānana, a ua hoonohonoho i loko o fairings. Ma ka'ākau kahunapule kōmi i aloha ea-puʻe pa alima me kūikawā nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo a me ka 'oihana pana pua o ka hoouka. Ka loa ia airframe mea i manao ai ua 'ano typical no ka mokulele o ia mau makahiki. Ua lawe mai kalaka nui-monocoque fuselage, a ua lako pono me ka puapua o ka'ēheu spars.

maluhia

? Ac? Aaioea i ka Yak-36, a ua hoike mai ia ma ka Hawaii photo pepa, i ole i na nā kānakaʻenehana ka ahuoi e pili ana i ka moku hoi i ka lele (blockages ma kaʻaoʻao i lawe-aku ai, a me kekahi 'ē aʻe ikaika majeure). Ma keia manao, e hoʻopaʻa i ka palekana o ke kahu moku, iloko o kekahi mau pilikia wahi, i hiki jets i poe ikaika no lakou ejection noonoo. Nō hoʻi, i ka mokulele i ka holo māmā i ka'ōnaehana loa akomi mana, hoʻolaha i ka 'Aʻohe.

Mokulele? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka ikea ai

Ua kūkuluʻia ka mua eha moku ma ka mea kanu, Aia ma luna o Leningradsky Prospekt ma Moscow. I kekahi o kēia mau mokulele i mālama ai me ke kumu hoʻohālike no ka ikaika e ho'āʻo ai. Ma ke kupulau o ka makahiki 1963 ma ka pelane helu 36 e ho'āʻo ai i haliia mai la mawaho, nona ma o kéu hoʻomaopopo i ka degere o ka palekana i ka ka ingress o kiko'ī i loko o ia lewa o ka mokulele hēkī kahawai, e like me ke ahonui ikea ai. No keia mea maluna o iai? Oaiaaiea Yak-36 me nā kinoea ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai puapua, kekahi o i i luna ma luna o ka ihu, a me ka lua o ka - ma mua turbo nozzles.

Ka lua o kaʻa ka helu 37 hai mai la i wale pae e hali ana i a me ka lawe ana aku. Initially, ke kiekie ua mau wawae, a me ka hope, i ka huahelu ua, ua 5 mau mika. 85 aʻo kāʻawe aku hoʻi-ae la i lawe mai ai no nā makahiki. June 25, 1963 i ka moku i ka ulia: ma laila i kekahi kaʻa ole iloko o vertical pae no i ka uku kiʻekiʻe o hoʻopöholo ihola.

Kolu o ka mokulele (huelo helu 38) kōkua mai i ka huliʻana i ka hoʻokōʻana o ka mokulele hēkī hoeuli, autopilot nenoai a me ka pāʻana o ke aupuni 'i loko o ka cockpit. Developers Ua koho ia ea kahe ana i leie aku ka mokulele e E ku paa auanei ana hoʻolahalahai ma a me ka hoolaha aku i ka mīkini loa hoi malalo o ia e ke kahu moku.

hōʻike 'pilikia

E like me ka hoike ana, o ka loa paʻakikī i mea e hoʻokō i kekahi manaʻo vertical pae. Ka mau ho'āʻo pailota, he manaʻoʻokoʻa ma ka pelane. Ke'ī mai, i ka ke kahu moku, Garnaev manaoio ia ia e halihaliia oia aina mai wale ma ka helekopa type,ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kaʻa, ua ia e waiho ai i ke kiekie nui a me ka mālama '-waiwai nui palena holo. I huli ai oe, o ka ke kahu moku, Mukhin i he okoa manao. Ua ua olelo mai ia i ke k? Ko? E hoʻolako i ka helekopa epaepa huila, oiai ka Yak-36 keia hana i loko o kaʻokoʻa kūlana o ka holo kumu hoʻomalu'ēheu, a engine kinoea mokulele hēkī. Nolaila, ia mea pono e noonoo i ka manawa o ka hoolilo i ka ke eaʻe , mai ka'ēheu 'ana i ka mana mokuna. A no ka mea, o ka pae aku ua ia e pōpilikia ma ka hua'ōlelo o ke kiʻekiʻe, a makemake hoʻopili like i ke kiekie o ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka kaiapili. E like me ka hopena, ka mea, ua pono Mukhin.

holo ikea ai

Hoʻolahalahai ma Yak-36 i hana ma ka hapa-mika kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka puka, a i uhiia me ka kila kaola. Kēia i hanaʻia e emi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke 'ākeʻakeʻa o ke kinoea jets. Eia naʻe, eʻoiaʻiʻo i ka moku, ua hiki ke lawe aku hoʻopapakū mai ka manamana koke haaleleia, a nee aku ma luna o ka paakiki nń ku ili. A eia ka pilikia. i ke awa pae kapa wāwahi aku, mai ka runway ka wā o ka minute, hoomaka ae la ka pelane e hoonaue lawe wale, aʻo ia collapses i kaʻaoʻao. Ia laua a hiki i keia, i ka mana kinoea hoeuli nele.

E hoʻoholo i ka mokulele engine, hookomo iho la pono, e palapala ma luna o ke koena. Poʻe akamai i loko o kā lākou mau haʻawina holopono loa lohi, kokoke ma ka hometa ka uuku ae. I kekahi manawa e hiki mai ana ka nui-tona mokulele lewa ana i loko o ka lewa, no laila, ua aneane i ole hoʻolohe i kauoha o ke kahu moku. Tame pelane pilikia ka hope huli pale ingress o ke kinoea i loko o ka lewa pele noonoo. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka pelane i ikaika loa o Paulo ma ka honua, a lilo ae la manageable.

kaikamahine holo ana

Na Yak-36, a me ka mōʻaukala spanning oi ma mua o kaʻumi makahiki, ka mua manawa lawe mai i ka piha holo o July 27, 1964. Eia naʻe, e hoala mai i ka moku i loko o ka lewa Mukhin i ko ai holo, a holo, no ka mea, i lawe ole i kekahi ke kilokilo kona hana i loko o ka lewa. Loa paha, ma hope o kēia hōʻike, ua he hou o na machines ekolu, i oia ma ka mea hoʻonoho o elua ventral haloʻole ma luna o kela mea keia mea o lakou.

Mau mahina ma hope, ua ka mua piha-fledged hoʻolahalahai ma mokulele. Mukhin no laila, E ke Kumu i ke kaʻa, a hiki ae ia ia iho, e hoʻohiolo i ka mahiai i keia manawa o ka holo, a me ka mokulele hovered ma wahi me kekahi deviations.

A pau i hele aku i ka mea i ka mea, ua hiki ke hana piha hoʻii. Naʻe, i kēia i ka hana oolea, a me ka hapa makahiki. Pepeluali 7, 1966 Mukhin hookoia ka vertical lawe-aku ai, lawe mai lakou holo ana ma luna o ka hoʻopoepoe ala, a noho iho ma luna o ka mokulele. March 24 lawe mai i ka ke kahu moku, vertical takeoff, he holo i loko o ka poai nei, a vertical pae. Kēia lā ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka lā hānau o Lūkini mokulele, a i ka manawa kūpono o vertical takeoff.

Kōmike nā hoailona

Nānā akula au i pelane i he uuku payload, a no ia mea, i manao ai Buro ua ulu ka hōʻano hou kumu hoʻohālike o ka Yak-36M, a, ma hope i'āpono i ka loaa ana kivila mai Yak-38. Ke hou moku ua mua he kānaka okoaʻia, i mea nui maikaʻi ma mua o hoao ia iho i loko o nä hana kilokilo.

Na Yak-36, ka oaoieei-ano o i i hōʻike ma lalo, ua he Hopu i loko o ka wahi lulu mokulele. No laila, kona hoakaka e like penei:

• lōʻihi o ka moku o - 16,4 m.
• Wingspan - 10 m.
• Machine kiʻekiʻe - 4,3 m.
• Eheu Area - 17 sq. m.
• Weight o ka nele moku - 5400 kg.
• Takeoff ke kaupaona - 9400 kg.
• Pake - 2 m R27V TPD-300.
• Unforced kookoo - 2 m 5000 kg.
• Reserve māmā holo ma kiekie - 1.100 km / h.
• I kā mākou mämä holo kokoke i ka honua - 900 km / h.
• Real palena - 11000 m.
• Ka luina - 1 kanaka.
• Mea kaua - hakakā e haawe ana i ka 2000 kg. SD lewa-i-ea R-60M, Nur, hopeʻia.

Hoʻonaʻauao a me ka aʻo kükohu

Yak-18T? Ac? I ka 1964. Iloko o na makahiki o ka pono ka mea, ua undergone kekahi loli, a ma ka 2006 i ka Lūkini aupuni i hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻomau 'piha-unahiʻole, i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o Yak-18T (moʻo 36). Kēia mokulele Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma o ke aʻo a me ka aʻo manao no ka nooaai? Cadets o ka holo kula.

Yak-18T 36 Series i ka kēia mau hiʻona:

• Ua kau i ka lewa ekolu-ke kōmi 'propeller papahana AB-803-1-C.
• Ke dashboard Ua undergone nui loli.
• Ua Ua māhuahua huahelu o maoli holo, a hoʻouka kekahi nā poʻina nalu o 180 nā lika kēlā me kēia i loko o ka nui o na apuna elua.
• Hoʻololi 'puka i loko o ka cockpit.
• Ka ikaika hahana maoli nō kēia (iaia? Aaaoaeuiuo hoʻouka kekahi lua).
• Ke ahi paia ua i mai kuhiliʻole kila papa.
• Hoʻohana 'ia wahie - kola "Premium 95".

Kēia mokulele Ua hōʻike ma kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho 'nā hōʻike mokulele (MAX 2007 a me MAX 2009).

Rula hoʻokumu i ka mokulele e e pilikia-noa e hana 3,500 hola a me 15,000 pae aku i uka me kekahi mau lā 'alemanaka kapu.