Nā'ike noi'i microscopic i ka microbiology

представляют собой способы изучения разнообразных объектов с использованием специального оборудования. Microscopic noiʻi kāu kiʻina hana i mau aoao, e makaikai i keʻano o nā mea me ka hoʻohana 'ana o kūikawā lako a pan. 'O ia ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke no'ono'o i ka pilina o nā mea lā'au a me nā meaola, a'o ka nui o ia mea ma waho o nā palena o ka mana ho'oholo o ka maka o kānaka. Ma loko o ka'atikala e ho'ākāka iki'ia ana mākou i nā'ano o ka huli'ana o ka microscopic.

Nā'ike nui

используют в своей практике разные специалисты. Hoikehonua, ano o microscopic ninaninau hoʻohana okoa akamai i loko o kā lākou hana. Aia i waena o lākou, nā po'e loea, nā mea'enekehonua, nā hematologists, nā mea nīnauhonua a me nā mea'ē a'e. Ua'ike nui'ia nā'ano nui o ka noi'i microscopic i lō'ihi. 'O ka mea mua,'o ia ke'ano māmā o ka nānā'ana i nā mea. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ho'okomo ma'alahi'ia nā'enehana'ē a'e. . Ke'ī mai, i ka hiʻona o ka lilo pae-Akä, luminescent, 'ākeʻakeʻa, polarization, welaʻula, ultraviolet, stereoscopic iaoia o ka noiʻi. Ho'opili'ia lākou a pau ma nā'ano like'ole o ka mālamalama. . Eia hou, i lohe nui hoʻohana huina'ine microscopy ki ina hana like. Ma kēia mau'ano e hā'awi iā'oe e hō'ike i nā mea me ka ho'ohana'ana i ka holo'ana o nā mea'āpana i kau'ia. He mea pono e ho'omaopopo'ia e ho'ohana'ia kēlā'ano'ano o ka ho'ona'auao'ana'a'ole wale ma loko o ke kolomu a me nā lā'au lapa'au. в промышленности. Muli o kona kulana hanohano hana o microscopic study o ke hooheheeia, a oka a pau i loko o ka hana. Mālama'ia kēia'ano a'o e hiki ai iā mākou ke loiloi i ka hana o nā pūhui, e ho'omohala i nā'enehana e ho'oha'aha'a i ka proba o ka luku a me ka ho'oikaika i ka ikaika.

Nā mālamalama:'ike

и других объектов базируются на различной разрешающей способности оборудования. Oia microscopic epekema no këia microorganisms a me nā iauaeoia ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kekahi olelo hooholo lako a pan. 'O nā mea nui i kēia hihia,'o ia ke kuhikuhi o ka pahu, nā hi'ohi'ona o ka mea iho. 'O ka hope, ma ke'ano, hiki ke ho'omaopopo a pa'akikī paha. E like me nā'āpana o ka mea, nā mea kūlohelohe o ka māmā kukui - ka'ōlinolino a me ke kala, i hana'ia e ka pu'ūnui a me ka nalu lō'ihi, ka mokulele, ka manawa a me ke kuhikuhi o ka ho'oulu'ana o ka nalu - ka loli. . Ma ka hoʻohana ana i kēia mau 'ano, a kūkulu kekahi microscopic ki ina hana like.

Kūkino

No ke a'o'ana i ka mālamalama, pono'ia nā mea i pena'ia. Mālama kēia i kā mākou mau waiwai. Pono pono ka ho'opa'a'ana o nā'upena, no ka mea, e'ike'ia ka'ili i kekahi mau hale i kū wale'ia i nā pūnaewele i make. Ma nā māmā ola, ua ho'oku'u'ia ka wai e like me ka moemoeka ma ka cytoplasm. 'A'ole ia e pena i ka hale. Akā, me ke kōkua'ana o kahi microscope māmā, hiki iā'oe ke'imi i nā mea ola. No kēia mea, ho'ohana'ia kahi'ano ma'alahi o ka a'o'ana. I kēlā mau'ano, ho'ohana'ia ka condenser pō'ele'ele. Kūkulu'ia ia i loko o kahi microscope māmā.

Ke a'o'ana i nā mea i kālai'ia

Hana'ia ia ma o ka'enehana'ano ho'ohālike like'ole. Kūkulu kēia'ano ma ka'oko'a o ka hihi e like me nā hi'ohi'ona o ka mea. I ke'ano o ka'ike'ana,'ike'ia ka ho'ololi a me nā ho'ololi lō'ihi. Aia kekahi pali paepae i ka lekeke o ka microscope. 'O nā mea ola a i ho'opa'a'ia, akā'a'ole nā mea i ma'alahi no ko lākou'ike pono'ole e ho'ololi i ka laulā a me ka amplitude o ke kaola e holo ai i loko o lākou, me ka ho'onāuki wale i ka holo o ka pae nalu. Akā, i ka hele'ana i kēlā mea, lawe'ia ka māmā māmā mai ka papa. Ma muli o ka hopena, ma waena o nā kukuna i ho'oholo'ia i loko o ka mea, a komo i loko o ka mālamalama, e'ike'ia he keakea i ka lō'ihi o ka nalu. Ma kahi waiwai, loa'a kahi hopena'ike - e'ike maopopo'ia kahi mea pohihihi ma kahi'ōkuhi mālamalama a i'ole paha (e like me nā hi'ohi'ona o ka pā manawa). No ka loa'a'ana,'a'ole e emi ka'oko'a ma mua o ka 1/4 o ka nalu koho.

He'ano anthropic

He'ano'ano ho'ohālike o ka manawa. 'O ke'ano anthropic e pili ana i ka ho'ohana'ana i nā lelo me nā papahana kūikawā e ho'ololi wale i ka'ōlena a me ka'ōlohi o ke kukui kua. Ho'onui nui kēia i nā mea hiki ke a'o i nā mea ola i'ōpala'ole'ia. , паразитологии при изучении растительных и животных клеток, простейших организмов. Haʻapili pae Akä naÿe microscope hana noiʻi ma ka microbiology, parasitology i loko o ke ao o ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona keena, protozoa. I loko o ka hematology, ho'ohana'ia kēia'ano no ka ho'oholo a ho'oholo i ka ho'oka'awale'ana i nā'ano koko a me nā momona o ka iwi.

Nā'āpana ho'oku'i

решают в целом те же задачи, что и фазово-контрастные. Mau microscopic noiʻi ano nui ke hoʻoponopono i ka ia pilikia me pae Akä naÿe. Eia na'e, i ka hopena hope, hiki i nā mea lapa'au ke nānā wale i nā papa o nā mea. методы исследования позволяют изучать их части, выполнять количественную оценку элементов. Ke 'ākeʻakeʻa microscopic noiʻi epekema ae mai, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina lākou loa, lawe mai i ka laupaʻi helu hehee wale. Ma muli o ka bifurcation o ke kukui kukui. Ho'okahi kahe e holo i kahi'āpana o ka mea, a'o kekahi e hele a'e. I loko o ka maka o ka microscope, ua ho'ohuli a pale ka mea. Hiki ke ho'oholo'ia ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena ma muli o ke kaumaha o nā'oko'a pūnaewele'oko'a. I ka mea sequential ana me ka hoʻoholo ma mua refractive inideka hiki ke kau aku ka mānoanoa o unfixed nā'aʻaʻa, a ola e hoopii mai ai, ke kumuʻiʻo maʻiʻo ma loko, i ka lehulehu o ka puaʻa hiwa a me ka wai, a pela aku, e hiki ke kahiko o ka'āina loiloiʻili lahilahi permeability,'ūhū haʻawina, ke kelepona hele pūnao I kulike ai me ka loaa ikepili hoʻomalu.

Ka Polarization

Hana'ia ia me ke kōkua o nā Nicolas prisms a filmy polaroids paha. Ho'onoho'ia lākou ma waena o ka ho'omākaukau a me ka mālamalama. позволяет изучать объекты с неоднородными свойствами. Polarizing microscopy hana o ka noiʻi i loko o microbiology e leie aku iā mākou i ka noiʻi i mea me ka inhomogeneous waiwai. Ma nā ho'olālā kiko'ī,'a'ole ka hilina'i o ka mālamalama o ka mālamalama ma luna o ka mokulele i koho'ia. I nā'ōnaehana anisotropic, e like me ka'ālana o ka mālamalama ma ka'ao'ao āpau a'oi paha o ka mea. Inā'oi aku ka nui o ka mahele ho'ohālike ma kahi o ka mahele o ka'ao'ao, e hana i nā mea ho'oiho maika'i'elua. 'O kēia ke'ano o nā mea olaola he nui, kahi i'ike'ia ai ke kaulike molekino. He anisotropic lākou a pau. 'O kēia'ano,'o ia ho'i,'o nā myofibrils, neurofibrils, cilia i ka epithelium ciliated, nā pūpū a me nā mea'ē a'e.

'O ka helu polarization

Ke ho'ohālikelike i ke'ano o ka ho'okahuli'ana i ka radiation a me ka helu anisotropy o kēia mea e hiki ai ke loiloi i ka'ōnaehana o ka ho'ohui. 'O ke'ano polarization e hana'ia e like me kekahi o nā ma'au o ka'ikepili, ho'ohana'ia i ka cytology, a pēlā aku. Ma ka mālamalama, hiki iā ia ke a'o i nā mea'oko'a. Hiki i ka polarization ke hana i ka nānā'ana i nā mea i pena'ole'ia a me nā mea i ho'opa'a'ole'ia - nā mea maoli - nā ho'omākaukau'ana o nā paukū kiko.

Nā hana ho'olālā

Ho'onohonoho'ia lākou ma nā waiwai o kekahi mau mea e hā'awi ai i ka'ala i loko o ka māhele violinui violinō a i'ole i nā kukui UV. 'O nā mea he nui, e like me nā proteins, kekahi mau huaora, coenzymes, mau lā'au, i loa'a i ka luminescence mua. Ho'omaka ka ho'omaka'ana o nā mea'ē a'e me ka ho'ohui'ana o nā fluorochromes - nā lole'a'ahu. Ho'onohonoho 'ia a hā'awi' ia paha kēia mau mea ho'okomo i nā'oko'a pūnaewele'oko'a ai'ole nā mea'enekini. Kēia waiwai i ka kumu o ka pono o ke kukui hāweo microscopy me ka histochemical a me ka cytological haʻawina.

Nā wahi e ho'ohana ai

I ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'ōmiko-fluorescence,'ike nā kānaka lapa'au i nā antigens viral a ho'okumu i kā lākou kūpa'a, e'ike i nā mea'ino, nā kino a me nā antigens, hormones, nā hua me ka lā'au make, a pēlā aku. Ma keia manao, i kaʻike, o ka herpes, mumps, hepatitis B, maʻi palū a me nā nā mea palahēhē ka hoʻohana kukui hāweo ano o nā mea noiʻi. иммуно-флуоресцентный способ позволяет распознавать опухоли злокачественного характера, определять ишемические участки в сердце на ранних этапах инфаркта и пр. Microscopic immuno-kukui hāweo iaoia huai aeʻeho malignancy, hooholo ischemic mau mea o ka naʻau ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka naʻau kaua, a no laila, ma luna o.

E ho'ohana i ka lama ultraviolet

Ho'okumu'ia ia i ka hiki'ana o kekahi mau mea i komo'ia i loko o nā pūnaewele ola, microorganisms ai'ole i ho'opa'a'ia, akā i'ole i pena'ia, mālamalama i ka malamalama i'ike'ia no ka ho'oulu'ana i nā kukui o kekahi hawewe nalu. 'O kēia ka mea ma'amau, no ka mea, he nui nā'āpana mole. Ho'opili'ia kēia mau mea me nā proteins, nā mea'alapona (methylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, etc.), nā mea nucleic acid, nā pyramidal a me purine, a pēlā aku. 'O ka Ultraviolet microscopy hiki iā mākou ke ho'omākāka i ka localization a me ka helu o kēia pūnaewele. Ke a'o'ia nā mea ola, hiki i nā kānaka lapa'au ke nānā i nā loli i nā hana o kā lākou hana ola.

Kūlana

Ho'opili'ia ka microscopy infrared i ka nānā'ana i nā mea opaque i nā kukui a me nā kukui UV ma ka ho'oulu'ana iā lākou i nā hanana holo e ke nalu lō'ihi o 750-1200 nm. No ke ho'ohana'ana i kēia'ano,'a'ohe mea e pono ai ke hana mua i nā ho'omākaukau. Ma ke'ano he kūlana, ho'ohana'ia ka'ao'ao infrared i ke anthropology, nā kinaika a me nā lālā ola. Ma ka lapa'au'ana, ho'ohana'ia kēia'ano ma ka ophthalmology a me ka neuromorphology. Ke mālama'ia nei ke'ano o nā mea volumetric me ka microscopy stereoscopic. 'O ka ho'olālā o nā mea hana e hiki ai ke nānā i ka maka hema a me ka'ākau i nā kihi like'ole. Kāhea'ia nā mea opaque ma kahi li'ili'i li'ili'i ('a'ole i'oi aku ma mua o 120 manawa). Ho'ohana'ia nā'ano Stereoscopic i ka microsurgery, pathomorphology, ma nā lā'au lapa'au.

'O ka microscopy kelepona

Ho'ohana'ia ia e noi'i i ka pilina o nā pūnaewele a me nā mea ma ka macromolecular a me nā kumu subcellular. Huina'ine microscopy ae mai e hana i ka qualitative ua lele akula nō ia ma ke kahua o ka noiʻi. Ho'ohana nui'ia kēia'ano ma ka hana'ana i ka lā'au lapalapa, oncology, virology, morphology, immunology, genetics a me nā lālā'ē a'e. Ho'onui'ia ka ho'onui nui o ka mana ho'oholo o nā mea hana ma ka holo'ana o nā electrons e hele i nā māhele electromagnetic i loko o kahi lihi. 'O ka hopena, ua hana'ia e nā mea leka kūikawā. Hiki i nā electrons ke hiki i ka ho'ohālike o ka mea a i'ole e'ike'ia mai ia mau mea me ka ho'oka'awale'ia'ana mai nā'oko'a like'ole. Ma muli o ka hopena, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi hō'ike ma ka nānā'ana o ka'ōnaeho holomua. Me ka lawe'ia'ana o ka microscopy, loa'a ke ki'i ha'aha'a, me kahi ki'i pena, kekahi me ke ki'i.

Nā mea e makemake ai

He mea pono e ho'omaopopo'ia ma mua o ka ho'okolohua'ana o ka microscopic electronic, ua ho'okumu'ia ka mea i ka ho'ona'auao kūikawā. 'O ke'ano, ho'ohana'ia ka mālama kino a pilikino paha o nā mea a me nā meaola. 'O ka māhele a me ka biopsy, me ka mea hou, ke ho'opau'ia, ho'okomo'ia i loko o nā'ene epoxy,'oki'ia me ke diamona a me nā pahi wili i loko o nā'āpana'oihana lahilahi. A laila, ho'ohālikelike'ia a a'o'ia. I ke ki'i microscope, ke nānā'ia nā pae o nā mea. No ka hana'ana i kēia, ho'opili'ia lākou i nā mea kūikawā ma kahi lumi lihi.