Nikolai Novikov - he mea kākau, kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa a me ka mea aʻo. Key milestones i loko o ke ola ala Nikolaya Novikova

Ka umikumamawalu kenekulia i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina, ua waiwai ma ka loea inoa o na kanaka, ka poe i mōʻaukala hele i loko o ka mālamalama humanist kuhikuhi. One ua kanaka ua he wahi lilelile paha, a palapala kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, mea kākau a me ka mea aʻo Nikolai Novikov.

E noonoo oe i ka Kawaihae, a me ka papa hana o keia kanaka hou au mamuli.

Milestones Kawaihae: kamaliʻi, wa uuku mai, makahiki o ke kuka nei lakou, a ke ola

Novikov Nikolay Ivanovich i hānau i loko o Moscow, ma ka waiwai o kona mau makua i ka Tikhvin-Avdotyino, i ka 1744. Kona ohana a pau i ke aliʻi ohana.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi ma Rotehama i wahi i loko o ka noho malie hale papa, i kona mau kumu mua i ke kauhale sexton. Hope, i ke keiki i loko o ka Moscow gentry kiʻekiʻe kula, mai i ka mea i kipaku i ka 1760 no ka "palaualelo".

Ma hope o loa, mai ke kula Nikolai Novikov i i aku la i loko o ke kaumaha, a ua hoolilo i kona mau noa manawa i ka heluhelu palapala. A mau makahiki ma hope, i ka 1762, oia hoʻolālā i loko o ka 'ihiʻihi Izmailovo Regiment. Lilo huikau ka lālā o ka hale coup, i kūpono i ka mea mana ma ka aina i hele mai ai i Ekaterina Velikaya, Ua i Novikov i luna o ka hou paa o ka empress.

Ana loaʻa hana hoʻonaʻauao a me ka pono-heluhelu kanaka'ōpiopio. Nikolai Novikov i komo i loko o ka helu o ka lunakanawai, ka poe i aoia e hana pāhana no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka moku'āina kānāwai kuhi. Ua ua ike ia Nikolai Ivanovich ka loa conscientious e pili ana i kona hou kuleana a me na koa a pau i imi e pono ai i ka Fatherland.

journalism

Nikolai Novikov komo i ka Lūkini mōʻaukala me ka loea kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa a me ka hoʻopuka. I ka 1769, ua haʻalele i ka poʻe koa, a hemo aku i kona moe: ka mea kākau moʻolelo (a ua nui na mea aʻo) manaoio ana ma ka pü ana i kanaka i ka ike pono, e hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaiāulu kanaka, no ka mea maikaʻi. Ka mea o ko lākou hakakā, wae iho la oia satire.

Novikov hoomaka paʻi mau Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke. Ka mea, i kapaia "Drone", "aa", "pena", "Chatterbox". Mau ka lehulehu ākea Novikov i ho'āʻo i ka e lealea ana i ka oi aku o kona manawa: oia koi ka hoʻonaʻauao mihi a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, kuhikuhi mai i ka hewa o ka serfdom, naaupo a me ka kaiapili ponoʻole. Pinepine ia mea i loko o ka palapala o kaʻaeʻae, a nema aku i ka mana 'hana.

i lawe i kona mau hoa mokomoko Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke i ka oihana ma ka pili ana i ka oihana paiia o ka "Nā Mea Likeʻole", i ua 'Imi kākoʻoʻia Ana ka Nui.

Maoli ai, na Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke paʻi Novikov, Hoopaa iho la ia e na luna no o ko lākou wiwo ole, a kuokoa kūlana.

kiʻina aʻo palapala

Nui o kona ola i e e Nikolai Novikov, ke Kawaihae o ke kanaka - he maopopo e hooiaio ai.

Ike ia Nikolai a pehea huali ke kumu. kakau iho la oia i na hana lehulehu, kakau i na makua a me na kumu. Ua mea, me he rula, journalistic hana a me kūikawā hana o ka mea kākau i loko o nā kiʻina aʻo.

Novikov maoli hana kona mau hoʻonaʻauao kumumanaʻo ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka mālamalama a me ka humanism. He e hoole i ka hopena hoʻonaʻauao o physical hoopai o na keiki, e kuhikuhi mai la lakou i ka pono no nā mākua, e uku hou hoʻolohe i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka hanauna muli iho, e aloha aku i ka lakou poe mamo, e hoomalamalama mai i ko lakou manao i ka ike, a me ka uhane a pau - pono oe examples.

Novikov pakahi aku la ia ke kū i ka pono a me ka hoʻonaʻauao upbringing o ka hanauna kaikaina i loko o ka 'ohana, a ma na kula. He nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka ka hoolilo ana o na keiki a hiki i ka mālamaʻana o ka paaua na kumu a me na kauwa, e like me ka pono o ka apau ke kōkua o ke hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i nā keikikāne a me nā kaikamāhine, e hoole hemahema.

Masonic e moe ai

Novikov Nikolai Ivanovich ua he lâlâ o ka Masonic e moe ai - he mana huna hui, he pono ole i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ma Europa, a ma Rusia.

No ka mea manawa mua i ka halawai ana o Freemasons Novikov i loko o 1775 - ka mea, o Laielohelohe i ka manao o ka mālamalama, mahalo no ka pono, wehena i ka hanaia'na o ka hou nohona kauoha.

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka puka Shop ma ka Moscow University, Novikov i hana aku la a hiki i ke k? Ko? O kanaka na kalaipohaku. Nā manaʻo o Protestantism a me Freemasonry hiki ke Hahai I loko o na hana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

Paa a me ka makahiki o ka malama ole

Ua ua no kona manaʻo Novikov i ae mai.

I ka 1792 i na kauoha o ke Empress,ʻo ia i hopu, a waiho ma Schlisselburg hūlili. Na hoopii e ku ei ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hōʻike mai ia mea, e halii mai i mystical Protestant a me Masonic moʻokalaleo ma mua o ka pioloke manaʻo o kona wā.

Aia ka he mea mahuʻi o ka moʻolelo, e like me a ka hooilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi - ke keiki a Paul Empress - walohia no ka manaʻo o ka Freemasons, a kōkua aloha o ke Novikov, no laila kona makuahine aliʻi i ai ikaika me ka pili ana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

Ma ke ala, ma hope koke o ka make ana o Mother Paulo Novikov hookuu mai i ka pā kaua. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia, ma kona mau komo, ua lilo a pau ola i loko o ka hale paʻahao. I makemake, alaila, haalele iho frail elemakule kanaka i makemake wale i kekahi mea - maluhia a me ka oblivion.

Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov, nona Kawaihae Ua piha no ia iluna, a iho i lalo,ʻo ia i noho ai i ke koena o kona mau makahiki i loko o na makua 'i ka hale, lawe malama o kauwa, a alakai i ka noho malie ola. He make i ka 1818, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o kona waiwai.