'O ka pūnaewele pūnaewele PD-14: nā'ano, ho'ohālikelike, ho'ā'o, ho'ohana

I kēia manawa, i ka wahi lulu mokulele hana mea i loko o keʻano o ka "limbo" moku'āina: ma ka kekahi lima, ia mea, ma ka 'ē aʻe -ʻaʻohe laekahi mokulele hoʻokahi wale nō wahi lulu kūpono' ana ma luna o nā makahiki i hala, ua i i ike. A me ka "Super mokulele hēkī" 'aʻole i helu, no ka mea, mai Rusia - wale "screwdriver anaina". Hope no ka mokulele hana o ka evocation o PD-14 engine ano (like me analogues) i ae ia, e kapa aku i kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o nā makahiki.

Nā haku polokalamu manaolana i ke kukuluia'na o ka hou Hawaii ka loa maikaʻi hopena ma luna o ka moku'āina o ka holoʻokoʻa wahi lulu maunakea hana, a, e hoʻonui i ka haku ana o na mea he nui hou hana.

Ka hou ana

He aha nui hana hou engine PD-14? Hiʻona (e like me ka haole Ke Ana Hoʻohālike) laekahi Lūkini kiko'ī, ua like ia urgently pono e hoʻomōhala i kekahi mea radically hou. Nā poʻe akamai i alakaʻiʻia e ka manaʻo o e pili ana i ka mana kanu, a e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala, a kūkulu lākou mau mokulele me ka 'auhau o ka 130 a hiki i 180 noho. Na wale ohua kaʻa i loko o kona papa, a me ka oo Lūkini me Kinohi - Li-214. Kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma ka liʻiliʻi batches mau i keia la.

Akā, i kēia mau mokulele pilikia mea,ʻaʻole lawa, ua pono lako a pan e update i ka pau'auwaʻa o ka aina. Akā, e hana i kēia me ka loa hou engine - loa ole. No ka oaoieei-hoakaka a me uea 'i ole mea e ole haawi aku i loko i kā lākou counterparts, mai ka honua i ka alakaʻi o Manufacturers.

I mau, aie i ka Ukrainian hanana hou a me ka piha rupture o pili ma ka hanalima kaiaulu o nā'āina, alahula mau manaʻo nui engine PD-14 (hoakaka, like me kā - i loko o keia 'atikala) i kekahi i loko o ka lākiō o ka piha hou ana i ka manao a me ka hana ana o ke kinoea mīkini peahi uila kiko'ī i loko o ko kakou aina. Eia hou, i loko o ka papa o kona kukuluia'na papahana e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mau nui pilikia:

• Piha ka kūkuluʻana o ka kivila maunakea hana ma ka reallocating mau manamana, a komo i loko o ka papahana o ka hou aku.
• Eia hoi, ka mea, ua? Oaony e puunaue i ka mau o ke kuleana a me ka hou-ho okumu ana i kekahi mahele o ka hana i loko o ke kula o ka hana o ka maunakea huahana, a luku iho la ia i loa i ka manawa o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union.
• Nō hoʻi, i ka papahana kanaka haku e helu i ka hooulu ana o ka hou polymeric a me ka lua mea, i meaʻino ponoʻiʻo nō o kēia aerospace oihana puolo.

Pehea ka mea, a pau, hoomaka ae la?

Ka manaʻo i ka aina urgently nele i ka hou mokulele engine, i hānau i loko o ka hohonu o ka "mokulele Pake", ka wā o ka lewa i ka hoʻomaka o ka 2000. Manawa ia mea, ua paʻakikī loa, akā, no ka mea, ma ka ike maopopo i kēia pāhana, kakaikahi ka poe i manaoio aku.

Akā, i ka hui ana o hoʻomalu i loko o keia manawa akahele a purposefully aʻo i ke ao ka hoao ana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kiko'ī, e like me ke kālailai i ka makeke o wahi lulu kalepa ae la lakou, Ke ho'āʻo nei e kilokilo i ke ano o ka Hawaii 'ano i loko o ka kivila maunakea hana i loko o kiʻekiʻe koi. He aha kēia nui E e anao? Aou engine PD-14? Hiʻona (hoohalike a me ka Akä naÿe) ia me ka haole Eia kekahi laʻana wale ia e hoike aku kona kaha superiority.

No ke aha? Ua Aloha poe noonoo ole. I ia mau lā, i nā huahana o na mokulele Manufacturers e "pahu" mākou wahi kanaka i loaʻano pākīkē ano. Auwe, ma aole hoi okana mai ana ka pilina me keia, a me kekahi mau man- akia. I kēia lā, ma muli o ia na nā ho'āpono, ke kahe mea ole pela pili. A, o ka moku'āina wale "koke" i hoihoi i loko o ka manawa kūpono o ka lulu popilikia? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kiko'ī. A laila, koke huli i ka poe o ka "mokulele Pake" i ka pulakaumaka o na wahi lulu, a me na haole Media.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Nä Pahuhopu o ka papahana

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana i ka manawa ua i i kaʻoluʻolu waiwai e lilo aku, i makemake ia i ka huina hoonui maoli ka hoʻomaka 'ana e kūʻai' Imi. Ua i laila, i ka manao e hana i kekahi hoʻokahi a me ka ao kinoea mīkini hana wāwahie. Inā e pani ihola ma hope, a laila mākou aupuni e e hiki ke hana i ka nui papa inoa o kona mau hanalima pono, i hiki ole aka, e olioli mau ana hoi.

He aha mea he turbofan engine, na loina o ka

Pehea e pono maopopo i nā pono i hoakakaia ma ka hou turbofan engine? I ka rula o ka hana ana i nā mea a pau like kiko'ī mea like, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea hilo e e hookolokolo aku la ia i loko o hou au mamuli, no ka mea, i ole pela,ʻaʻole paha e maopopo i ka pomaikai o ka 'ike loea hou.

Turbofan i loko o ka moʻokalaleo haawiia keia i kiko'ī me ke kiʻekiʻe holo alaʻokoʻa hiʻohiʻona. Ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o ke alo o ka nui anawaena pńkaukau, ma i hele ma ka engine manawa nui loa ka leo o ka lewa. Aie i ka nui nui o nā māhele o ka engine mawaho kīʻamo pinepine iʻoi aku ko lākou "monumental", akā, no ka mea, ua hoopokole. No ka mea, ke'ōlelo,ʻaʻole nō he pilikia o ka ea turbulence i loko o ka manao nā nā vanes, a huli i ka lewa kahe ana o ka hui ana ma ka makemake ala e hiki aku.

Alaila, ma ka kumu o kona hana i ikaika reminiscent o ke Kao lele lako kaua kiko'ī, akā, ke kahe hoʻohuihui ia kokoke i ka malamaia. I ka lanakila o ka turbofan kiko'ī mea i ka mokulele hēkī exiting mai ka Kao lele lako kaua "ke paipu", ma keia hihia, he hou hoʻopuehu lākou i milo lākou, i mea he kahi ikaika o ka hou. I ka mea, produces ole emi o 70-80% o ka heluna traction. Penei, o ka mokulele engine PD-14 He'āina ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ka loko contour o na kiko'ī kokoke loa 'oe a manao o ka rocket Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, akā, me ko lakou hala "ma ka hui pu ana," me ke kapuai hookahi i kānana-hooauhee aku ai ia.

Pono a me ka keakea

E like me nā mea a pau kona "hoahanau" mokulele engine PD-14 i nā maikaʻi a me ka io aoao. I waena o kona ikaika nā kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana, aʻo kona nui hoʻohana i kēia mau mana mea kanu a hiki i lōʻihi-haul? Ooia.

He aha ka mea i flaws? Ka mea nui - he nui loa ka nui, a he kohu kūpono kaumaha. I loko nō o ka maikaʻiʻana o nā kānakaʻenehana a me nā kānakaʻepekema, turbofan kiko'ī i nui ia'ku i ka oncoming airflow ma ka holo. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana ana, e e Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i kēia pilikia, i ka wa e haule ana na aoao e ho'ēmi i kā lākou nohona ma Ana.

mau oko

Ke hou turbofan engine, ka loina o ka i mea like me ka "panina" i wahi lulu Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, aole loa okoa, mai ko lakou mau mua. O na papa, na oko "ma ka maka" hiki wale i nā kānakaʻenehana. Inā e hoohalike ia me ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka PS-90A (IL-96, Li-214, Il-76), ia mea koke kekahi ', i makau i ka olelo, he qualitative ua lele akula nō i loko o kaʻanoʻenehana kaʻina a me na nā papaha.

Holo alaʻokoʻa hiʻohiʻona nui ae pono i na manawa elua, ke kinoea mahana ma ka puka e komo ai i ka mīkini peahi uila koke mahuahua i 100 K, ka huina degere o ka mīkini'opihia (ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu), a mahuahua nui e 20-50%. I e like me ka mea ma luna-i oleloia laha 'o ka wahi lulu kiko'ī, ka hou mokulele engine PD-14 e leie aku oe e hoola i ka liʻiliʻi 12-16% hou wahie.

ke kaupaona makauliʻi

No ka mea manawa mua i loko o kivila mokulele engine mea i manao ai 'enehana wahi lulu i hoʻohana i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o poho mīkini peahi uila kōmi' o kiʻekiʻe-ikaika titanium oka a pau.

Kēia i hāʻawi mai i ke kaupaona ana olaʻi o 30%, he huina hou mokulele engine PD-14 ua kōkua ai i nāʻia ma kahi o 10%. Nō hoʻi ma ka Perm Hawaii Plant manawa E ke Kumu i ka 'ike loea hou a? Iecaianoaaiiie o hookahi-aniani mīkini peahi uila kōmi' hana. Ua Ua hōʻike i kēia hoʻokokoke e ae e hoʻokū i ka pae'ōnaehana mahana o ke kinoea pono i ka 2000 K.

Eia hou, i ka mua wahi lulu Manufacturers ma ka manao a me ka hana ana o kiko'ī e hele i ka hana i ka huina o ka pīlali lua lako. Ia ia pela, he kokoke loa i kahi ole wale me ka nui loa emi engine ke kaupaonaʻana akā, i hoonui kona ikaika a me ka ia'ku i overloads.

I ka waiwai o ka hou Hawaii

Like mākou mai la oia i ka loa hoʻomaka o ka 'atikala, e hiki ole ho okumu i kekahi hou mokulele, i ulu hou ka mālama'-cursors. A me ka polokalamu a pau i nā e like: ho'āʻo engine PD-14 i loko o ka palapala o ka Moku'āina e koke hoʻomaka kéu ... Akā, i ke ano o ke kaa, e e hoʻolako pono me ia?

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i oi loa aku hoi i mau Hawaii, e e hana MS-21 mokulele (kumu, 21st kenekulia). Inā keia ua maoli ana ia e hoʻokō, laila mākou i ke kamailio e pili ana i ka maoli Hopu, i ka manawa mua mai Soviet manawa ma ko kakou aina, e e maoli i hana mai i kekahi mea hou. More importantly, ka Lūkini engine PD-14, e hana i kekahi a pau huahelu o ka hou mokulele ke hoʻololi i ka hana me ka lōʻihi-haul de a me Maui o na laina. A nei, kela mea keia mea la ua Lūkini Kekoa i e e hoʻolako pono wale nō me ka laweia mai kiko'ī. Kēia lā hōʻike i ia mea mea pōmaikaʻi,ʻaʻole i ka hihia.

He aha machines e hele e iai? Oaiaaou ia?

Kela manawa, i keia mea, Ua akaka no i ka mea hou hoʻokahi Hawaii manao e leie aku ia ia e hoʻohana ana i wale i ka ohua, akā, no hoi ma ka amo Kekoa. No ka mea, ua manao like ka nui me 14 tons, keia kükohu hiki ke hoʻouka kekahi ma MS-21-200 / 300/400. Heʻoiaʻiʻo ka mea, e e 'ae' ia ke hoʻokō 'IL-76 a me IL-214. Aia ka 'ike e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka honua nei o ka hiki nui ikaika hoʻokolohua me ka hou o ka 18 tons,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka PD-18. Ua Ua manaoia e e hoʻohana 'ma ka Li-214 mokulele a me IL-96. Mākou paipai ana a pau o kēia mau machines i hoʻolako pono me ka "oldies" PS-90A.

Nō hoʻi, ka haku polokalamu lono e i muaʻia nō, a me ka hanaia'na o ka malamalama hoʻokolohua o keia engine me ka hou o ka umi tona. Mākou ke kuhi ana ka mea e e hoʻohana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hoomanawanui "Superjet" kuai kiko'ī no a France mea manawa ole kekahi makemake. Eia hoi, ma laila e kekahi kau i ka kūikawā, helekopa kēia o ka engine, a e e pau me ke kaulana amo "bipi", ua helekopa Mi-26.

A hiki i kēia lā, i loko o ka hana ana i kēia mau machines i hoʻohana Ukrainian kiko'ī D-136. O ka mua hoʻomaulia hōʻike i ka na koi no ka poe kiko'ī Ua oi ma mua o lawa, e uhi i nā koina a pau, a i loaa i ka hooulu ana o ka 'enehana hou. Ieaie? Oaony e hoala mai i ka liʻiliʻi 70 ieeeea? Rubles o ka waihona kālā, hapalua o ia - mai ka pekelala Bedroom. Ka mea hope 'ole e hōʻike mai ana i kēia papahana mea e pono ai ke aupuni.

He aha ka hewa a me ka mea kahiko PS90-A?

Na Hou Loa engine no MS-21, PD-14 - he hou hanauna turbo-prop kiko'ī. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea pono hana maʻalahi me ka kŘpa a kahiko mokulele ka hoʻololi 'ana. No laila, pono "veterans" o IL-76, ka modernization i ua i intensively mai hope makahiki, ka wā hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o kekahi hou engine a hiki lele aku i kekahi mau na umi o na tausani o ka hola. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea hiki ke hoonui i ka holo huahelu mai ka eha a hiki i elima tausani kilomika, me ole haawe ana, a, e hoʻonui i ka mamao he tausani kilomika, a ua hoemiia wahie hokii, ma kahi o 14%. I ka la mahope mea oi loa nui, no ka mea hoomaikai ia ia, e emi i ka lilo ana o transporting kekahi tona o ka ukana i hookahi ma ka 10%.

Pela, ke kahiko Hawaii, pono i mālama ai i ko lakou manawa ana, a hoʻomohala i loko o ka USSR a ka mea hana ka hana, akā, na ke kālā no koi, oia hou fits. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia - kiʻekiʻe wahie hokii, a mahuahua leo. Ma rula, ka mea, ua ikeia no ka lōʻihi manawa, akā, i ka pōhaku puna a me ke kapuai, e ka hemahema i ka pilikia, a e pili ana i ka hou engine i i wale nō kēia manawa. He nani, e olelo aku ia wale nō manawa i nā mea a pau i ka mea e pono ai na mea paahana no ka hana.

Official 'ike e pili ana i ka holomua

Kauoha aku, o ka engine ua noho ma ka ulu mai ka makahiki 2008, akā, ma ka oiaio o kona rula o ka loea kime o ka poʻe akamai hoi aku la i loko o ka makahiki 1999.

I ka 2012, no ka manawa mua, hoakoakoa ae i ka piha hōʻike liʻiliʻi mana. I ka Ia manawa ua ka mālama nui debugging gasifier nenoai, ka mea i hoopakele i ka papa kuhikuhiE ho'āʻo i ka poʻe akamai. I ka lā, a pau mā i ua ana eliminated. No ka mea manawa mua i ka Perm engine i ee aku i ka hapalua like-2012. I ka Ia manawa i ka poʻe akamai i loaʻa i kiʻekiʻe manao nā loina e pahuhopu nei me ka mea hiki moku'āina o ka noho ana, a i hou hoʻoikaika ko lakou manaoio ma ka manaʻo pono no ka holo ana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hou kiko'ī.

Ka Aha ho'āʻo ma mua? Oaony ia e ana ekolu makahiki aku nei, akā, ma muli o ia kekahi pilikia he mea hōʻike i ka mea e hoomau ana ma ka hapa a hiki i kēia lā. Ua Ua manaoia i keia makahiki, e hoʻomaka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a no ka makahiki Permian e ohi ole elua emi o paha ekolu kakini hou kiko'ī. A ia mea - loa uuku, e like me ka wahi lulu aviator manaoio ia ma papa holo 'awelika o de ma ka 2019, e halihaliia oia iwaho mokulele kiko'ī i loko o ka titanic uuku ae - 200 ikamu i loko o 12 mahina. Ua ua manaolana i na wahi lulu ka hana e e hiki ia "huki" i ka papahana.

He aha e pili ana i MS-21?

No ka mea mua manawa ike i ka hoʻomaka hana ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hou mokulele hoomaka ae la e hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka hope makahiki. I ka lā, ka mea, uaʻike ia i ka Irkutsk mokulele kanu mua i ohi ia e ka hauna o mua o ka hou wahi lulu airliner, a ua maikaʻi ikeia ma lalo o ka "unofficial" inoa Yak-242 i loko o kā lākou 'ia.

'ēheu o ka hanana ahupapa pono hana ohi ia ma Ulyanovsk. Loa paha, ka mea, ua mua hiki ma Irkutsk. Wahi lulu Media i kā lākou mau elele ma ka hana, paa i'ōlelo mai i ka mea mua papa e e hiki ke piʻi i kēia kauwela i loko o ka lewa. Ua ua lohe ia i ka Hookah i paa i ka paa 175 aelike no ke kūkulu a me ka lako o MS-21. Nā mea kūʻai mai ua nui loa ka nui a papa hana, a loaʻaʻo Sberbank, e kakau mai i ka haawi ana i hou mokulele no ka hoʻolimalima.

Aia mea i 'ike i i ke aiiieieoaeuii kauoha hou 100 mokulele o kēia' ano, a e malama ole wale wahi lulu, akā, i nā unuhi i nā mea kūʻai mai. Kēia memo mea maoli kū hoʻokahi, no ka mea, o ka hope manawa kekahi i ka hoihoi i loko o mākou ohua mokulele wale nō i loko o ka Soviet manawa.

Ke ano nui o ka MS-21 pāhana mea ia ia mea - o ka mua a me ka wale lulu popilikia mokulele, hana kū kaʻawale, a me ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hana kahiko o ka Union o ka manawa, e' aʻole e hoʻohana haole eiiiiiaiou. Ma ka lele Hoʻokolo mua Kekoa o keia kaha e e kuu ma hope o ka pau 'ana hope loa o kela ano keia ano o ka holo a me ka Aha e ho'āʻo ai, a hoʻomau a hiki i kēia lā wale nō.

mea, ua ulu

Penei, he olelo mua iaʻi hou engine - he maoli Hopu ma ka lulu popilikia hana, a, ma ka hana, kivila mokulele. Me ka pili ana i ka pono no kēia mau Hawaii, ia mea, alahula mau. Ua he lōʻihi mōʻaukala o ka wahi lulu nā moku halihali mokulele kapa ia lakou iho he poe i oi aku eager e kūʻai decommissioned laweia mai mokulele, he mau a ua aneane ana. Akā, oiai i na wahi lulu ka hana ke kaumaha ia i kekahi mea pono.

I kēia lā, aia no i ka engine, a me ka mokulele. No ka mea, e ku e ia mākou moku'āina sanctioned, manawa e kuai i kekahi mea ma kahi e mea ole, a me ka Skyrocketing hoonohonoho hou ana, aole ia i hoʻokomo i ka attractiveness o keia olelo hooholo. No laila, i ke aupuni pāhana, alahula kūpono. Ua Ua manaolana i ka hana e hāʻuleʻole ai, a e e hiki ke hoolako Manufacturers a me nā mea a pau i ka mea accessories.