Waea i "ZIL". Ke kanu'ia ka inoa'o Likhachev (ZIL) - address

'O nā mea kanu'ōpiopio ka mea nui loa o ka moku'āina kū'oko'a o kekahi'āina li'ili'i. 'Oiai, ma ko mākou'āina he nui nā'ano like'ole,'o kahi o ka ulu ZIL. Ua hō'ike'ia ka mo'olelo o kona helehelena a me kona wehewehe'ana i ka nohona o kēia manawa ma kēia mea.

Pehea i ho'omaka ai

I ka makahiki 1915, ua ho'omaopopo loa'ia e ke kumu kū'ai kūpono o ka Pākē Lūkini ma mua. 'O kekahi o nā kumu o ka poho nui i nā manpower a me nā mea hana i mua,'o ka mea ma'alahi wale nō,'a'ole i loa'a ka manawa mua e ho'opakele i nā pūpū a me nā kāma'a. 'A'ole he mau ka'a, a'a'ole lawa ka holo lio.

'O ia ke kumu ma ka makahiki 1916 ma ka moku'o Tyuflevoy Grove i waiho'ia ka hale mua o ka AMO. Ua nui ka hana a me nā pilikia nui, no ka mea,'a'ole i loa'a kahi mīkini ho'okahi no ka hana'ana i nā māhele kūpono. 'A'ole nō ho'i i ho'omohala'ia nā mīkini i Lūkia, a no laila, ua kauoha'ia nā mea a pau i ka USA.

Ma hope o ka'Okakopa'Okakopa

I ka makahiki 1918, ma hope o ka ho'ohuli o'Okakopa, ua loa'a i nā limahana nā'ano e hana ai i nā mea'āpana, no ka mea,'a'ohe mea i loa'a mai nā'āina'ē. Ma ka lā 1 o Nowemapa i ka makahiki 1924, ua kūkulu'ia ka ka'a mua AMO o ka Soviet, i kūkulu'ia i kūkulu'ia i nā mea o ka home. 'O kēia lā ka lā o ka ho'omaka'ana o ka'oihana ka'a ka'a Lūkini o nā manawa hou.

I ka makahiki 1927, I.A. Likhachev. Ua noho'o ia i loko o ke ke'ena i ka manawa o kahi pilikia nui loa, i ka wā o ka'āina i'ole nā limahana akamai a'a'ole ho'i i ka mea hiki ke hana i ka nui o ke kila kila. 'O ka hana'ana ma lalo o ia mau kumuhana he mea nui ka uku i loa'a i nā loiloi mai'Amelika Hui Pū'ia i 30% (!) Maika'i!

No ka pa'i'ana i kēia, i ka makahiki 1931, ua ho'okō'ia i kahi hana hou'ana o ka mea kanu. No ka nui o ke ana o ka hana nui,'o ka'ōlelo a Likhachev pono'ī e hō'ike nei: "'O ka mea'oia'i'o, ua ulana mākou i kahi kapa komo i nā kī ...". I kēlā manawa, ua kapa'ia ka ZIL ma ZIS. A hiki i ka makahiki 1939, ua hiki i ka hui ke ho'opuka i kahi mau ka'a miliona AMO wale nō 40,000,'a'ole e hō'ike i ka nui o nā huahana'Amelika i hana'ia i kēlā manawa ma lalo o ka'aelike. E ho'omana'o mai ka makahiki 1917 a hiki i ka makahiki 1920 no ka puka i koe iho ma lalo o'elua kaukani ka'a. I ka makahiki 1939, ua hana mua ka halehana i 39747 mau kānaka.

1941-45

'O ke kaua ka ho'ā'o'oi loa aku no ka'āina holo'oko'a a no ka hui pū'ana o ka mea kanu. 'Oiai'o ka'oihana i lawe'ia i nā hua nui loa ('a'ole wale nā ka'a, akā,'o nā pūkuniahi regiment, nā pūpū, a me nā mea'ē a'e),'a'ole i kāhea'ia kāna po'e hana i mua. Eia na'e, ua hana lākou ma lalo o nā'ano ko'iko'i i makemake nā'ōpio e hele i ka laina mua.

Ua ho'onui'ia nā mea nui ma ka'ike'ana i ka makahiki 1941 e ho'oku'u'ia ka mea kanu i nā kūlanakauhale'ē a'e, ma nā wahi. I ka makahiki 1942, ma muli o ka pilikia i mua a me ka weliweli o ka hopu'ia e nā Nazis o ka waihona ho'okumu, ua hā'awi'ia kekahi kauoha no ka ho'opau loa'ana i ka'oihana. Ua kanu'o ZIL wale nō i ka hō'ailona hō'oko'a kokoke i Moscow, e like me ka mea i ho'oku'u'ia ke kauoha.

'O ka'oia'i'o,'a'ole i loa'a koke ka pū'ulu i ka po'e pa'ahana mua, nā wāhine a me nā po'e'ōpio. 'O ka hapalua o ka pōloli, ma nā hale kū'ai'ole, pono lākou e'ohi i nā kūlana o ka mua. A hana iho la lakou. 'O nā ka'a wale no kēia mau makahiki'ehā weliweli i ho'oku'u'ia aku ma mua o 100,000!

'O ke kau kūlana

I kēlā manawa ua ho'omaka ka ho'omaka'ana o ka ulu o ZIL e kūkulu hou a kūkulu hou'ia. Ma ia mau makahiki ua ho'omaka ka USSR i kahi hana kūkui me ka PRC. Ma muli o ka kūkākūkā'ana, ua kūkulu hou'ia ka mea kanu ma Kina, a ua ho'ohana'ia nā palapala Soviet i ka hana'ana. Eia kekahi, ua kono'ia nā mea lapa'au Kina i ka USSR no ke a'o'ana.

I ka hopena o nā makahiki i hala, hiki i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1980,'o ka ulu ZIL i Moscow ua ho'onui'ia ka nui o nā waihona. Ua komo nā mea kūikawā o ka'ahahui i nā papahana nui o ka'āina: nā lā'au lapa'au a me nā wahi, nā pū'ali koa a me ka'oihana ka'a - ua hana'ia kēia mau mea a pau, me ko lākou lima.

Ka Huaka'i 90s

Ke mālama nei ka halehanahana i ka hapalua mua o ke au o ka makahiki 1990. 'O ke'ano, ua ho'ōla'ia nā ku'ikahi i koe mai nā manawa Soviet, a ua kū'ai mau nā mea kālepa i ho'opau'ia i nā ka'a. I ka makahiki 1994, ua lawe mai ka mea lawe ma hope i ka "hope loa o nā Mohicans", ZIL-130. Me he mea lā ua noho ka lā'au i kapa'ia ma hope o Likhachev (ZIL) i nā lā hope loa.

Mai ka 1995, ua nui nā mea a pau. Ua hala ka hapalua o nā hale kū'ai, ua ho'oku'u loa'ia nā pa'ahana, no ka mea,'a'ole a lākou mea e hānai ai i ko lākou mau'ohana. Ua loa'a i kekahi o nā kauoha o nā'oihana li'ili'i, no ka mea, ma nā wahi i kūkulu hou'ia,'o nā hua li'ili'i o nā hua i kohi'ia i kekahi manawa. I ka makahiki 2011, ua'ano ko'iko'i ke kūlana o ka papahana lapa'au i hana'ia i ka nui a me kahi o ka Hale Hō'ailona All-Russian.

1996-2011

I ka makahiki 1996, ua lilo'o Dmitry Zelenin a me Alexander Efanov i mau haku no ka ho'oulu'ana o ka ulu'ana me ka wikiwiki. E pono ia'u e'ōlelo aku'a'ole lākou i'ike iā lākou iho i kēlā'ano, akā,'a'ole hiki iā lākou ke hele ma nā'āpana o ka mea kanu, i ia mau makahiki he mea peni maoli ia.

'O ka mea mua, ua ho'okumu lākou i kahi pūnaewele palekana ma'amau, nā pū nunui i hō'ailona'ia ma nā pā ('o nā lako pūhue i'aihue'ia), a ua ho'okomo hou i nā kuhi hou, mai ka wā kahiko'ole i ho'ohana'ia e ka pūnaewele kahiko. I ka malama mua, ua pale'ia nā pana e kahi miliona miliona. Me he mea ua maika'i nā mea, a laila, he po'e kū'ai kū'ai ka'a ZIL. 'O ka Likhachev mea kanu i loa'a hou i nā mea hou aku ma nā'āina'ē.

'O kahi hou'ole

Auhea, ua no'ono'o o Luzhkov. No laila, pehea e hoʻomaka i ka waiwai kanu lilo oi aku kaʻono ai no "wahi lulu pāʻoihana" a me Efanova Zelenin koke lākou i kūʻai i ka noho mana ana ua lü. Ua ho'ololi hou'ia ka ho'olālā i ke kuleana o Moscou, a hiki i ka wā i pau'ole ai ke'ano o ka mea mahuka waiwai'ole.

Ua ho'onui'ia nā miliona miliona i ka hana, ua ulu ka waiwai o nā hea ... Ma nā mea'ino e'oi aku ana ka'ino,'a'ole i loa'a i nā limahana ka uku no nā mahina. No laila, ua pi'i ka'oihana i ka makahiki 2010. I ia manawa, ua aneane hiki'ole i ka lā'au ke ha'alele. Ma kahi kokoke i 40,000 mau kānaka i hana i ka makahiki 1939,'ehiku mau kānaka i koe i ka "makahiki o ke aupuni democracy." I ka makahiki 2010, hō'ili'ili lākou i 1258 (!) Pōkā. Kū i luna ka mea ho'okele.

'O kahi wale nō e ho'opakele ai i ka mea kanu, aia ma nā wahi nui nā hale kū'ai i ho'onohonoho pono'ia nā kālā, a no laila ua hana lākou i kahi mea kūpono. 'Oi aku ka kālā mai Iapana.

2011 makahiki

Ua ho'omana'o'ia kēia makahiki e ka'oia'i'o ua hele mai'o Sobyanin. Ua hā'awi'o ia i kekahi mea hiki'ole ke ho'omaopopo'ia, no ka mea nāna i ho'okele, hō'ole i nā noi no ka kū'ai'ana i ka mea kanu, ho'omaka'o ia e ninini i ke kālā i loko o ka'oihana. E lanakila anei? 'Oiai'a'ohe mea i'ike'ia. Eia na'e, i ka lā 30 o'Aukake, 2011, ua ho'ouka hou'ia ka papahana hana, ho'onui'ia ka hui nui o ka hui ka'awale. Ho'okahi wale nō mea e mana'o ai e lanakila ka Likhachev i kēia pilikia.

Nā hana hou

I ka ho'omaopopo'ana i ke'ano o ka ho'ouka kaua'ana o ka pū'ali i ka pū'ali koa i kēia lā,'o ka ho'omalu'ana o ka'oihana ho'olālā he mana'o nui ka ho'okomo'ia o nā kauoha i kona mau kaha. Hā'awi'ia i ka papa mo'olelo a me ka papa ho'onui o nā mea ho'olālā, aia nā kumu a pau e hana ai pēlā. I kekahi hihia, ua ha'i pinepine ke aupuni i ka hiki'ole ke'ae i ka ho'oili hope'ana o ka ho'olālā.

'O ke'ano, ua'āpono'ia ka hui i ke kūlana o ka hana'ana o ke kūlanakauhale. 'O ke'ano, e kāko'o'ia ia ma muli o ka hō'oia kālā. I kēia'ano no kēia manawa, aia kahi halehana ZIL. Kamupene o ka hui - 115280, Moscow, ul. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.