Ole-narcotic a me ka narcotic analgesics:ʻano papa hana o ka hana a me ka palapala noi

Analgesics - kēia 'o ia hoʻi e hoonawaliwali a wehe i ka waiʻona ma o ka eha oiai ka malama ana ike, a me ka' ikepili? Ueo. Physiologicallyʻeha ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o ka excitation no laila, kapaʻia nociceptors, a i IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE ma luna o kaʻili, mucous membranes a me serous membranes, a ma o ka mānoanoa o ka likeʻole nā loko, a nenoai. Pain receptors i malia e physical (me mechanical, thermal, uila, etc.) a me ka exogenous Nine Inch (nāʻakika, kumu, kaumaha metala paʻakai, phenol, etc.) a me ka endogenous aʻe kumuʻiʻo ke ano maoli (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin).

Penei,ʻeha mea he physiologicalʻano papa hana o ka pilikino hoikeana o ka imbalance i loko o ke kino, nolaila, mea aiiay. Akā loa ikaika a me ka lōʻihi-ka loihi o eha ka pathological, e like me ka mea depletes ke kino, ālai ia 'aʻe i ka hana o ka nui nā loko, a hiki a hiki alakai i ka make mai ka hawewe. Mai keia viewpoint, ka pūʻulu analgesics mea o ka nui mea hiki kumukuai, a me Hawaiʻi nei mea he nui e piʻi like o ke kanaka.

Emi a pau ana i ka eha hiki e kekahi mau aoao. I ka loa a me ka pono'ano'ē - mea, e wehe i ke kumu, a, Eia naʻe, he mau mea hiki ole, no ka mea, he mea ole manawa hiki ke koke hōʻike ia. No laila, pinepine ka mea, ua hiki i ka manawa deaden ka eha ka hoʻohana medicaments o kela pharmacological nā pūʻulu. No keia mea i kekahi e hana ai ', kūloko anesthetic, cholinolytic, spasmolytics, anticonvulsants, astringents, o Hoamakeikekula mea.

Ke ano o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ke kumu a me ka Nine Inch ano o na analgesics e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu: narcotic a me ka 'ole-narcotic.

Narcotic analgesics - ka opiuma a me ka ai 'ana i ka like hopena. Ua wehewehe aku, ma luna o nā mea a pau, he hoailona ia ma luna o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ho'āʻo i ka analgesic hookoia, o ka oi aku ma na hihia o ka ole-hoʻoʻino (wā nui trauma, malignant hikoko). Opioids kumu hai mau hoʻoponopono i nā mea maʻi me ka manaʻoʻike a me ka physical kaukaʻi. Ai 'loko o keia hui, a mahuahua nui eha paepae pā lonoaʻili. Na kauka i hoakaka ia analgesics e kamaʻilio loa kaʻeha ma ke alo o ka'ā, nā palapū, etc. No hoi, e hoakaka mau ai 'no nā mea maʻi me ka unresectable malignant neoplasms. Narcotic analgesics kōkua i ka manaʻoʻike moku'āina o ka hoʻomanawanui. Mau ai 'E ole e hoʻohana' oi ma mua o ekolu eha paha lā, i ole ia he mea addictive, a me kanaka e addicted.

Narcotic analgesics (opiuma) kekahi oi ma mua o 30 alkaloids a me nā waiwai, i nā carbohydrates, nā polokina, lipids, mucus, mea pōhaku paʻakai, etc. Opium he nui Morphine (ma kahi o 12%), narcotine (10%), codeine (3-5%) a me ka papeverina (1%).

Narcotic analgesics: ka loa Popular ai '

Mawaena o ka narcotic hopena o ia hoʻi, i ka mea nui e Morphine hydrochloride, codeine posapahate, opiuma extract maloo, ethylmorphine hydrochloride (dionin), tincture o ka opiuma poe noonoo ole, promedol, omnopon listen'ōlelo.

Ole-narcotic analgesics - nā kālā i ho'āʻo analgesic, a me antipyretic antivovospalitelnoe kanawai. Haʻalele lāʻau, ka mea emi a höʻike aku ka eha hou pili i ka hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o na ami, iwi, Muscle a me nā nā'aʻaʻa (neuralgia, muscular a me ka articular bli, rheumatic, kahua niho lesions, etc.). Kēia Hōʻike i ke kumu o ka analgesia mea he Anati-hoʻoʻino hopena. Eia hou kekahi, 'ole-narcotic analgesics mai ole i hypnotic kanawai a me ka euphoria, mai uhi i ka cough, a me ka ÷ naehana hanu-oaio? A.

O ka nui he mea hiki nui o ka antipyretic hopena o ka ole-narcotic analgesics. Ua ua ike i ke kino piʻina i ka maʻi aie i ka hana o ka pyrogenic waiwai (nā huahana o ka kumuʻiʻo hydrolysates, 'amino nāʻakika, nukelea nāʻakika, microbial toxins, etc.) ma luna o interoreceptors i hoʻolele excitation i ka thermoregulatory konu. Pīhoihoi thermoregulation oaio, hoʻololi i ka nui o ka wela? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka wela hoolilo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, paipai 'ana i ke kino hyperthermia he nui i aiiay. Naʻe, i loko o kekahi mau hihia hyperthermia e hiki i kekahi mea pepehi 'ilikai no ke ola o ke kino, a me ka aiiay o kona ano huli i loko o pathological. Ma na hihia ia mea kupono e hana antipyretics.

Ole-narcotic analgesics: Mea Maluna

E noonoo pono i ka Nine Inch 'ole o ka ai' e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu: nā mea loaʻa o salicylicʻakika (meto salicylate, acetylsalicylicʻakika a aspirin), pyrazolone (analgin, phenylbutazone, phenazone), para-aminophenol (acetaminophen), indole acetic nāʻakika (indomethacin), propionicʻakika (naproxen, ketoprofen), anthranilic nāʻakika (mefenamicʻakika a flufenamic) pirrolizinkarboksilovoyʻakika (ketorolac).

Ma nā makahiki, ua ua hoomaopopo ana mākou i kekahi pae o painkillers - ole-steroidal analgesics. Ka loa kaulana hoʻi o kēia pae i: piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin. Lākouʻano papa hana o ka 'ana komo ai ka paleʻana i ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka'ūhū - cyclooxygenase. Kēia'ūhū ka paipai 'ana i ke kahua o prostaglandins - nā uao o kaʻeha a me ka hoʻoʻino reactions. Nō hoʻi, i ka auaaeaiea o kēia mau dala aeie bradykinin, i mea ole i kekahi i loko o ka hanana a me ka hāʻawi 'ana o kaʻeha a me ka li nui.