Olivier Levasseur - Palani 'ili. Aoi ka waiwai, a me ka cryptogram Levasseur

About corsairs, pirates, freebooters, buccaneers a me nā "keonimana o ka pomaikai" uaʻaʻole i kākau kekahi hoike ia puke, a me ka manaʻoe kūkulu he ua i. Lāʻau malumalu ma ka aura o Awaits, ka charismatic pirates pinepine lilo kūlana Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, he nui wale o ia allegedly hui na pirates ole ma o kona naʻau, akā, no ka mea, o ka noho ana.

Eia naʻe, na mea nana i ole pela uʻi i loko o maoli ke ola. Nā moʻolelo o ka moolelo, no ka manawa mau loa aku, ua piha i ka mea koko o 'aoʻao o ka pepehi kanaka, i kaili wale a me ka robberies, chinivshihsya pirates. Normal Pargo, Olivier Levasseur, Henry Morgan, a he nui wale loaa dubious kaulana, e lawe ana i ka weliweli i ka holo moku, a me ka Hawaiian kauhale.

kahiko lawaiʻa

Sea powaʻikeʻia ma ka wanaao o ka noho maikai ana, pu me ka hooulu ana o ke kuai. Kalepa moku, e lawe ana me ka pipiʻi waiwai, akā, poorly mākaukau i ke kaua, i lilo i mea pio oluolu no pirates. Ka mea mua i kākau olelo ai o na pirates nā lā hoʻi i ke kanaka o Aigupita o Paraʻo.

I ka wā kahiko i ka pirates ke alalai ole heʻe ka Adriatic, Aegean a me Kaiwaenahonua moana. i kekahi manawa aumeume Greek kulanakauhale-Hawaii a me kā lākou dominance, akā, i ole lawe mai ia tangible hopena. Pirates hoomau i ka hao kālepa moku, a me ka ohua a me ka moa, e kuai aku i loko o hoʻoluhi.

Hope Roman aupuni a pau ua hiki ia lakou ke ku imua ka pono i ka powa kai. Pompey ma ka I ke kenekulia BC, hoakoakoa ae la 500 moku a me ka poe koa o ka 120 tausani kanaka no na malama ekolu i hooakea ai i ka Kaiwaenahonua o pirates. hoomaka wale me ka haule ana o Roma ma ka V kenekulia BC ma keia moana powa māhele 'āina hou e hoola.

Ke au o ka Leeuwerikplein discoveries

Ma ka pau ana o ka Middle Ages, ua i ka poʻeʻEulopa strides nui ma ka shipbuilding a me ka hoʻokele. ua aʻo Spanish a me Pukiki, caravels e kūkulu - akea, kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā a me ka malamalama moku hiki hoi, e holo ana i ka makani.

Ka hooulu ana o ka cartography, a me ka hana o ka panana, kēia manawaʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai i ka 'auʻau' ana ma ke kai e hamama ana, a me ka sphericity o ka Honua kuhiakau i manaolana e hoʻokō waiwai hikina, e hele ana komohana. A pau i kēia hoʻomākaukau i ka nui Leeuwerikplein discoveries.

No ka elua haneri makahiki, mai ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XV kenekulia. a pau me ka waena o ka XVII kenekulia., Europa hoʻokele kaupaona i nā i ka ike ole ia ma mua o nā moana, moana, âinapuni a me nā mokupuni. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka Leeuwerikplein discoveries he no i koe i mua, akā, ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, haawi aku la impetus i koloniala ka hana naʻi aupuni a me ka launaʻole kēia i loko o ke kai ka powa.

He kēia au hua mai la i na rula no ka muli o pirates, kona inoa i ole i ua hoopoinaia. No, ina ka mea, e pili ana me ka huli 'ana no ka mea i aihueia waihona waiwai. No ka laʻana, ka mea cryptogram Levasseur - i ka alihi kaua o thugs, hoaka aʻela ia i mua i loko o ka Caribbean, a laila, i loko o ka moana Indian, koe unsolved a hiki i kēia lā.

legalized piracy

Ma mua kilohi ia i mea kahaha ko oukou naau iʻEulopa monarchies ia lakou iho i kekahi mau loa, kena ae la i ka launaʻole hana o pirates, a me ka mea hope kaua pākīkē. Aka hoi, ia mea.

Holland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain a me Farani i ka XVI-XVII kenekulia. Ka mea, hoʻokūkū no ka hou panalāʻau, a primacy ma ka honua kuai. Nā mākia o keia paio he loa kiʻekiʻe, no laila kākou i loko o kona malama ole moku'āina scruples ka wā e hele mai ai i ke koho ana o mea.

Pela ka mea, ua he privateering - legalized piracy. First Sila Nui no ka waiwai pio kalepa moku i kaʻenemi ka mana kumu kāki no kekahi poe i ka wā o hostilities wale no. Eia naʻe, komo pū i loko o ka ho'āʻoʻana o ke kolohe i loko o wikiwiki e haʻalele i kekahi kŘpa a maʻalahi ala e loaa, a ma hope o kā lākou paʻa.

E like me kekahi hoike, i ka hua Olivier Levasseur ka hoʻomaka 'ana o kona' oihana me he privateer, hao Spanish moku i loko o ka 'Akelanika i ka aoao o ke Aupuni o Farani. Eia naʻe, kokeʻo ia, e like na mea he nui o kona mau hoa i loko o ke kalepa, makemake i ka "hana" ma luna o lākou iho.

Piracy i loko o ka Caribbean

Sea powa pâʻani 'o ia i mau manamana nui i loko o ka colonization o ka' Amelika a me ke kaʻina o primitive hoʻomāhuahua o ke kumukuai ma ka WesternʻEulopa. Ke uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o pirates a me privateers i ka Hōlani, ka'ōlelo Farani, ke Paniolo, English a me Pukiki.

Ma ka waena o ka XVII kenekulia. Ua hoomaka iho la i ka manawa i kapaʻia ma ka moʻolelo o ka gula makahiki o ke kai ka powa. Ka mea, e mau ma kahi o 80 makahiki, a ua lilo i ka papa kuhikuhiE Arena o na hana o pirates i loko o ka Caribbean, kahi cruised moku e lawe ana i ke gula, paka, ke kālā, indigo, kō a me nā muli o ka ho'āʻo.

Ma ka pau ana o ka mea hookahi kenekulia ka wā o ka koloniala aupuni hope puunaueia spheres o ke keiki, hoomaka ae la me Kāʻeokūlani, ka mea, ma ka liʻiliʻi kai ka powa ana i loko o ka Caribbean. No keia mea, he nui no na pirates, i waena o lākou Olivier Levasseur, neʻe i nā māhele o ka poepoe honua e smoothly hoʻomau lākou 'ino ai lawaiʻa.

Man Me ka i hala iho nei

Ike loea 'ike e pili ana i ke kumu o Levasseur i ole ola. Kekahi noiʻi manaʻo i ka mea a pau i ka mea hookahi ohana me ia o Pol Levassor - kekahi Palani 'ili mai Calais. Eia naʻe, Documentary mea hoike o keia kuhiakau mea ole.

Aia ka hoi speculation i Olivier i hānauʻia me Tortuga - mokupuni ma ka Caribbean, kahi i loko o ka 40s o ka XVII kenekulia ke kiaaina ua Fransua Levassor. Inā pēlā, a laila ka mea pili i ke aliʻi ohana mai Conyer (Maine 'Oihana).

ʻO ia pili a hiki i ka makahiki o ka hānau Olive Levassora. Ke mau lā Ua IKE OLE IA. Loa pahaʻo ia i hānauʻia ma waena o 1680 a me ka 1690. Ka mea wale nō kahi e pili ana i ka manawa Olivier Levasseur imiia lakou i loko o ka Caribbean kai, a laila, i loko o ka moana Indian, mea he "mōʻaukala o nā pirates loa kaulana," Charles Johnson, paʻiʻia ma ka 1720

puʻe wale akula kēlā poʻe Polenekia

Iloko o ke Kaua o ka Sepania Succession (1701-1714 GG.), Ke aupuni o Louis XIV generously haawi Sila Nui privateers lawe pio moku i loko o ka 'Akelanika. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka pau ana o Farani hui i kaʻahahui oʻEulopa mana kūkulu mai i ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi piracy i loko o ka māhele 'āina.

Ua uaʻike ia i ka 1716 Levasseur, inoa kapakapa La Buse i kauoha mai ai i kekahi luina o 70 pirates. Cruising i loko o ka Caribbean, ka mea ana hao i ka, Sepania a me Beritania moku Hōlani ma luna o lākou i hele ai a hiki i Europa a me Amerika.

A puni ka ia manawa i loko o ka Bahamas halawai ka Ma lalo o luna, ma ka hapanui hooholoia no ka mea, e neʻe i ka lua pele wahi, e like me ke kai eʻe ma luna o ke kai ka powa loaa momentum. Mawaena o ka poe i manao e neʻe i, a ua ka 'ili Olivier Levasseur.

I ka wai o ka moana Indian

West Africa Ua lilo i ka wahi, kahi āna e imi i ka powa i loko o 1718-1719 GG. pu a me na luna Coquelin a me Davis. Hao wale ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 15 moku ma ka waha o ka muliwai o Sierra Leone, ka mea, puunaue iho la lakou. I keia manawa, i ka Palani Ma lalo, a me kona mau moku i hele ai i loko o ka moana Indian ma nā Cape o Good Hope.

I ke kauwela o 1720 kekahi o ka Comoros moku hanaʻino akula Levasseur. Kona hui hapai aku England a me Taylor - nā luna o ka 'ili moku. Koke Ua hoʻokahuli 'Enelani, a pae ma ka mokupuni o Mauritius, a ma kona wahi i koho Levasseur.

A me ka Taylor, ka mea hoʻopio i ka mua elua ¶ʻO'Araba moku, a laila, kiʻi i ka squadron Pelekāne, a no i ka East India Company. Pōʻalo ua nui a me ka mea ho'āpono pakele o na pirates waiwai Hōlani kalepa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Indian o Cochin. Mai laila, huli hou no ka mea, i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o Mauritius.

Fabulous trophy

Restock ka ai a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka moku, a me Levasseur Taylor, alai ae no Madagascar. Ma ko lakou hele ana kau hawaiano Island, laila, i kapaʻia Bourbon. Pirates a kokoke ia ia, 8 April 1721, a loaʻa ma na alanui o ke Aloha moku, kuʻi e ka makani ino.

No ka 'ike e pili ana i nā hanana i hahai hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā palapala o nāʻEulopa aina e, no ka mea, o ka waiwai pio pio ma ka poe o pirates, ua manaoia kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka piracy.

Ma luna o ke Aloha moku lawe hae o ka moku i ka Archbishop, a me ka Viceroy o Goa, akā loa importantly - ke daimana mauna, Jewelry, pipiʻi fabrics, lako, i ke kala a me ke gula bullion, mau ipu, pāpāiʻawa mea, i ke kālā, etc. moʻolelo manaʻo i ka waiwai o diamonds wale. i keia la ka e loaa hou mai i kela loli aʻe mai ka 3 a hiki i 4 miliona dala.

ka hihia e

Waiwai pio i wahi ma Madagascar. Kēlā me kēia loaa 42 daimana a me ka 4000 paona. I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia - ka mea, ua hōʻeaʻole o ka waiwai i aeia ola oluolu maʻEulopa.

Aka pirates a i ole manaʻo e haʻalele i ka waiwai kalepa. Ua uaʻike ia i ka 1722, hoohalua aku la lakou i ka ¶ʻO'Araba moku, em ala hele, mai Kina a hiki i ka huina hoonui, a laila, neʻe akula i ka Madagascar i Delagoa Bay (East Africa). Local Hōlani koa ole wale pale aku i ka pirates, akā, i ka piha ua hui ko lakou poe kaua.

A mau mahina pirates i mai, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka moku a me ka hooholo mea e hana aʻe: e hoʻi i ka Caribbean ole, e noho ma ka Mauna Ocean. Ma ka hopena, Taylor holo i ke komohana Indies, a Levasseur me ka luina o 250 kanaka i hele i hao kalepa moku i ka mokuna o ka Hikina Africa a kona moku, e noho ana ma luna o ke kapa,ʻaʻole hekili. Mai laila, Levasseur noho ihola i loko o Madagascar.

Ka pau 'o ka' oihana

Hawaiano Island i ka 1642 ua lilo i Palani panalaau ia. Madagascar ka mea, ua hookaawale ia e wale 700 ei. I ka 1724 i ke Kiaaina o ka mokupuni i olelo mua iaʻi Levasseur a me kona mau koa i e pili ana ina e uhai me piracy, a, e neʻe i hawaiano. No ko ianei manao ua he wahi. Loa, a me La Buzás hoole.

Over ka kela makahiki eono ka mea, hoomau iho la oia i ka loaʻa kekahi i loko o ka moana Indian, hana ana i kona kumu he uuku mokupuni o Sainte Marie. I ka 1730 i ka luna o ka Farani moku "Medusa" hoi i ka hoopunipuni hoopio aku Levasseur hoopio iho la i lawe mai ai i loko o nā kaula hao i hawaiano, a. Here Ma lalo oʻikeʻia ma mua o ka pā hale, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi aku la ia ia ia e kaaweia.

Ua Ua lono ia kekahi o na hoa o ka 'Aha, ka mea ma luna o ka moku, o ka oi aku' Imi kaua ma luna o ka hopu a me ka hooko ana o La Buzás i manaoia e lawe noho ai o kona waiwai. Inā keia mea oiaio, e loa paha i lawe aback ka mea hanaʻia e hiki mai ana.

I ka mea pohihihi o ka waihona waiwai

Ke hooko i wahi i loko o Iulai 1730 ma ka papa kuhikuhiE hale o Saint-Paul, ka poe i ma ia manawa i ka hoʻomalu waena o ka mokupuni. Mua oe mauna i ka'āwai, ka Ma lalo o kiola i loko o ke kanaka i kekahi apana o ka pepa, i ka i ana ia ia e hele i ka waiwai i ka mea nana e hiki decipher i ka mooolelo.

Skeptics manaʻo i ka moʻolelo o ka moolelo. Eia naʻe, he mea nō he cryptogram. A no ka aneane ekolu kenekulia ka waiwai Olive Levassora hana mau e holoholo ai i ka manaʻo o ka aiia, mai kekahi aina. He mea maopopo, haawi mai i ka nui o ka waiwai pio pio ma pirates i na Pukiki, i ka 1721 Akā, ka mea, ua pono kekahi o na Episode i loko o ka 'oihana o ka La Buzás.

Ka mea a ka mea, ua, akā, no ka waiwai Olive Levassora hoʻomau i kaʻimi i loko o ko mākou mau lā ma luna o nā mokupuni o ka moana Indian, kahi kokoke i Madagascar. Eia naʻe, no laila, hiki ole i kekahi i nā kānaka apau e decrypt i ka cryptogram maalea Ma lalo. No laila, i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā waihona waiwai o ka La Buzás wahi i ka wanaʻao.