Palani kākau moʻolelo Anri Barbyus: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Kekahi o ka loa kaulana Farani kākau o ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia - Anri Barbyus. Best puke hoonani aku ia ia me he Anati-kaua pelaha, pacifist hoa paio o ke kāʻili wale i loko o kekahi palapala. He lilo kekahi o ka mua a hiki i ka loa a me kaʻoia iʻo naturalistic i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka weliweli o ka First World War.

mua a me ke kapuai

Anri Barbyus Ua hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1873 ma ka akau-komohana kula o Paris, he kaona liʻiliʻi i loko o Asnieres-Sura-Seine, ma hope o ka kipi, a lilo loa mahalo me Lūkini nā meaʻeʻe moku.

He Ua hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka lahui Farani a me ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Kona makua kāne i kekahi he mea kākau, ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i komo a ana i kana keiki puka 'o ia mai ka'Āuna Kumu o Moʻolelo ma ka Sorbonne. Barbyusa mua a me ke kapuai ma ka moʻokalaleo i ka ohi ana o poem, "The Wailers", paʻi i ka 1895. E like me he mau makahiki ma hope i kākau Science "Hell" a "noi mai la" huahana hookomo pessimism. Ma keia mea mahalo ka mea, i ole hana.

ma ke alo,

I ka 1914, ua loli dramatically Anri Barbyusa ola. He hāʻawi manawaleʻa, e hele i ka mua, e kaua aku i Germany. I ka 1915, ua ku oia a me ke koena no ola kumu. No ka komo i loko o hostilities Ua hookoia ke Koa kea, akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea ana i lawe mai ai, mai ke alo - e Aloha pilikino Emotions a me ka hoao ana i ka mea i hana i ke kumu no kona "ahi" na quadrupeds puke loa.

I ka manao o keia hanaʻikeʻia ma luna o ka mua, ma waena o kēia ho'āla kaua. About ia Barbusse mai nei i loko o kona mau palapala i kana wahine. E huli i ka manaʻo nui i loko o ka hana pono ka hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o ka haukapila ma ka hope o 1915. Ka puke Ua nui koke pau ma August 16th ua mua hoomaka ia e paʻiʻia ma ka nūpepa "ʻike hoʻokumu." A hoʻokaʻawale paiia o ka hana paʻi ma ka hapalua like-December o ka hookahi makahiki i ka hale paʻi "Flammarion". Ua haawiia mai no hoi ia i ka hoʻolilo 'ana o ka Prix Goncourt Henri Barbusse - ka loa' ihiʻihi Palani palapala, ai 'ia nā kumu kāki.

"Ahi" - i ka papa kuhikuhiE Roman Barbyusa

Ma ka mokuna mua o ka puke huahana ua hoohalikeia me ke "Akua Comedy" ma Dante, a haawi mai i ka buke o ka poetic külana. Ku I Ka "ahi," me inā he huakaʻi, mai ka lani mai a hiki i ka hope pōʻai o Hell. Ma keia hihia, kahuna memo nalo, a me ke kaua imperialist 'ōili maiʻoi aku ma mua o ka loa fantastic hana o kekahi mea kākau moʻolelo. Ka puke "Ka hope o kona ruthless oiaio", no ka mea, o ka puke Barbusse i loko o ka foreword a hiki i ka mea mua Lūkini paiia o Maxim Gorky i kākau.

Ike aweawea aku o ka naauao huapalapala hōʻike mua i loko o ka "hihio," i ka loa mua mokuna. Ua hai i ka moʻolelo o ka "paradaiso" honua i loko o ka Hawaiian mauna. Aohe mea kaua, a, ua hiki mai na kanaka e noho ana ma laila 'elele o nā lāhui kanaka likeʻole, e maopopo i ke pohō wale a me ka weliweli a me ke kaua.

ʻO ia ka hopena e hele mai, a me ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o ka puke - na koa. Ma ka mokuna hope loa, "Dawn" ka mea, hoala e ae la. Kawaihae Barbyusa Anri mea pili loa aku i nā hanana i wehewehe i loko o ka puke. His ka papa kuhikuhiE memo - ka inevitable ana o na nā paʻi hua i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka manaʻo nui. Ke hōʻeleu no keia mea i ke komo ana o aneane pau Europa,'āina i loko o ke kaua imperialist.

Ka puke Ua kākau i loko o ka palapala o ka "Diary o ka platoon." Kēia e leie aku ka mea kākau e e i ka moʻolelo e like meʻoia iʻo i hiki, ka hahai i nā huapalapala, ka mea heluhelu i laila, i ke ahi ma luna o ka mua laina, ma ka hinterland, i loko o ka ao ana o ke kaua, i ka wa a ka platoon hele ma ka hoouka.

Barbus a me ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana

OctoberʻOiʻenehana ma Rusia Anri Barbyus i like me ka kī kekahi hanana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei, 'Imi ke kākoʻo nui ia. I kona manao, ka mea e ae a pau Europa lahuikanaka a hookuu mai i kaʻauamo o ke capitalism.

Ma na aoao, i lewa mau manaʻo i loko o ka puke "mōakaaka" i ka 1919. Hooeueuia lakou e ka Socialist kipi i loko o Rusia, he lâlâ 'o ka Palani Communist Party i Anri Barbyus. Kaha puana'ī o ka mea kākau, hoolilo ai i nā hanana o ia mau makahiki, koi ae i "ke ao nei - ia ka maluhia o ka manao, ala mai ka hana." Penei, o ka mea kākau maoli manaoio i ka hana ikaika no ka pomaikai o ke kaiāulu, kanaka ke loaʻa ai ka pomaikai ma kekahi aupuni.

No ka Anri Barbyus alakaʻi kaʻeleu nohona a me ka pili aupuni ke ola. Ma kekahi, ma ka makahiki 1924, ka mea i oleloia mai e ku e ia repression alakaʻi Tatarbunar uprising ma Romania. A laila, hoomaka ae la kekahi kaua kua'āina uprising ma South Bassarabii e kū'ē i ke aupuni, kākoʻo ma ka Bolshevik Party.

noʻonoʻo loi o capitalism

Books ma Barbyusa Anri, i ka papa inoa o i hoʻokō i ka puke "malamalama o ka luahohonu", "Manifesto o na ka pilina", paʻiʻia ma Farani, i loko o na 20s, hoolaa ai i ka pahikaua noʻonoʻo loi o capitalism. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo no hoi i ike i ka bourgeois noho maikai ana, Koi ikaika wale ma luna o ka mea i loko o ka papa o Socialist kūkulu i loko o ke aupuni i hiki ke kūkulu i ka nani a me ka pono lehulehu. No ka laʻana Barbusse i nā hanana i i wahi ma ka Soviet Union, i ka pau o ka hana, e e lawe Iosifom Stalinym. I ka 1930 oia i haʻalele i kona (essay) "Lūkini", a ma hope o 5 makahiki, ma hope o kona make ana, i ka hana o ka "Stalin." Ma kēia mau hana, i piha pono i kēia mau manaʻo. Naʻe, i loko o ka buke o ke socialism'āina ka mea, i koke banned, e like me na huapalapala i haawiia ia ia ma ia manawa i ua repressed.

"Stalin - ka Lenin o kēia lā" - he aphorism mea i kākauʻia e Barbusse.

Barbus i loko o ka USSR

Ka Soviet Union Barbusse kipa 4 manawa, ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 1927. September 20 e holumua ai Palani mea kākau i loko o ka Hall o kolamu ma Moscow, a me ka palapala hoike "White ka weliweli, a me ka pilikia o ke kaua." I ka Ia makahikiʻo ia i ka mea a pau, hele ana ma luna o ke kūkuluʻana i ka Socialist moku'āina, kipa Kharkov, Tbilisi, Batumi, Rostov-ma-Don a me Baku.

I ka 1932, Barbusse hele mai i ka Soviet Union ua like kekahi o na organizers o ka hoʻonohonoho 'Anati-kaua Ahaolelo, e paa ana ia i loko o Augate ma Part. Ma ia, a haawi aku la i kona kaulana olelo "au e hoopii mai nei".

Kona aʻe kipa coincided me ke koho ana o ka honorary lala o ka USSR Academy o Sciences. Ma hope o ia mea, i hapai, a hoomaka ka hana ma luna o ka puke e pili ana i Stalin. Ma July 1935, kipa hope Barbusse Moscow, 'Imi hana ma o ka puke, a nānā aku i nā palapala, ke anaina me nā hoa a me nā hoa o Lenin. Eia naʻe, e hoʻokō 'ia i ka hana a me ka nele.

Barbus koke iho la ka maʻi me ka pneumonia, a make ihola i loko o Moscow ma August 30, 1935. Ma hope o 3 mau lā, i lawe aku i ke kino mai ma Farani i ka Belarus alahao noaioee, he aloha halawai.

Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o Paris ka kaulana Pere Lachaise ilina ma 7 September. Alohaʻoe Barbousse huli i loko o ka h ÷ ike pili aupuni o ka United Popular Front.