Rene Dekart: A Kawaihae a me ka papa kuhikuhiE manao

He nui noiʻi o ka moolelo o ka kālaiʻike ua pono noʻonoʻo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Rene Dekarta Contemporary komohana kālaiʻike. He aha ka ke kaulana Rene Dekart? Kawaihae, a me ka walaʻauʻana i ka manaʻo nui o ke kālaikūlohea, makemakika, nä känaka 'epekema ho'ākāka' ia ma loko o ka 'atikala ma lalo nei.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Rene Dekart Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka Hune aliʻi ohana, a ua i ka muli loa o nā keiki kāneʻekolu. Ua lawe mai ma maternal kupunawahine, e like me kona makua kāne, Ioahim Dekart, ua he luna kānāwai i loko o kekahi kūlanakauhale, a me kona makuwahine, Zhanna Broshar make ia Rene i ole i mau makahiki. Haipule aʻo keiki ma ke kula Jesuit o La Flash. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi ka mea, ua nui loa kona hoihoi, a hoʻomaka e Komo kākou kakahiaka ma ka makemakika. I ka 1616 Rene Dekart loaa ka kēkelē ka degere.

Rene Dekart. Kawaihae. Hōlani manawa

Ma hope o ua noho mai kulanui, i ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema i hele aku i ke kaua. I ka manawa lilo i koa hana, oia kipa mau anal mau kiko ia manawa: ka Hoʻonani o La Rochelle, i ke kipi i loko o ka Netherlands, i ke kaua no ka Palaka i loko o ka makahiki he kanakolu 'War. Ma kona hoʻi i Descartes kokoke koke i, e hele i ka Netherlands, e like me ia ma Farani, ka Jesuits hoopii ai ia ia no ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo no freethinking.

Ma Holland, he nä känaka 'epekema ua noho no 20 makahiki. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, 'epekema noiʻi ua hana Descartes, a ua paʻiʻia kekahi mau hana i ua lilo apau i kona kālaiʻike.

• "Ka World" (1634)
• "E kamailio nei ma Kiʻina" (1637)
• "Noonoo ana ma First akeakamai ..." (1641)
• "Nā loina o kālaiʻike" (1644)

Society Ua i nā'āpanaʻelua: ka poe mahalo a me ka poe i walawala ai ma kā lākou mau mea, ua ulu Rene Dekart.

Ua piha o discoveries a me na hana pōkole Kawaihae o ke nä känaka 'epekema, akā, e pili ana i kona kino ola loa uuku ua ikeia. Descartes ua i mare. He aha ua ikeia ka ia i ka 1635 i kana kaikamahine Francine i hanau. Kona makuahine i kekahi kauwa o ke nä känaka 'epekema. Rene Dekart ka loa leʻaleʻa o ke kaikamahine i inconsolable, a no ka lōʻihi manawa, i kona wa i koke make kaʻulaʻula kuni i ka makahiki o ka 5 makahiki. E like me nā akua a me ka LIKE ke kanaka, i ka poe akeakamai huli mālama a me ka lokomaikai makuakane.

Church o Holland waiwai hiki oleʻae i ka manaʻo o nä känaka 'epekema freethinking. A hiki i kona ola oia i hoomaau. Hōlani manawa mea,ʻaʻole he koe. Ma Palani, Cardinal Richelieu 'ae' ia e kakau kona ikaika hawewe, akā, Protestant theologians o ka Netherlands kau mai ai i ka hōʻinoʻia ma luna ona.

Breakfast manawa

I ka 1649 Rene Dekart ma insistent ke kono a ka Mō'ī Wahine Kristina o Kuekene, kipakuia e ka Hōlani hookolokoloia, neʻe i Stockholm. Ma 1649, hele mai i ka puke o kona hana "ke kuko o ka uhane."

Life ma ka pā hale, hoi, ua i oluolu: i ke aliʻi wahine,ʻaʻole naʻe i ua ano keia ano i ke nä känaka 'epekema, akā, pau pū pinepine kona' imi naʻauao hana i ka ukana. Ma keia hihia, i ka poe akeakamai ola (ua nāwaliwali) hou deteriorated i loko o ka hoʻohalahala'ākau aniau. Ana me ke nä känaka 'epekema a me ka ekalesia i hua loa.

E like me ka oihana mana, Rene Dekart make ma Pepeluali 11 hoʻokumu i ka 1650, haule ka maʻi me ka pneumonia. Aia ka speculation ana oia iʻapu kōheoheo. Ma hope o 17 makahiki, i ka i koe iho o ka poe akeakamai nui ua ma ka noi o Farani neʻe mai Kuekene a reburied ma ka Capella o Sana-Germain.

Meaning Descartes - mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā rationality

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka rationalism ua manaoia e ia Rene Dekart. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke akeakamai a hiki e pokole olelo like penei.

• Nä känaka 'epekema wänana i pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE' ole o ka waiwai, a me kailaʻae.
• Descartes hoao i ka naʻau ma ka ike i ka kūlana kumu nui Radio.
• He mea ke kumu o ka pähola 'ana o dualism, ma i hoolaulea materialist a me ka idealist philosophies.
• Descartes i aku i ka pähola 'o "innate manaʻo."

Ke ao ana o ka waiwai

Ma ke kaʻina hana o këia i ka pilikia o ke ola, i ua kālaiʻia kona o Mānoa, i ka manaʻo o ka waiwai, no ka mea kākau e Rene Dekart. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka nānā' ana ma luna o kēia manaʻo.

Waiwai - mea a pau i pōpilikia, a aole e pono e nei i loko o kekahi mea, aka, ia ia iho. Kēia mea e like ai i wale i ka mau loa, hiki ole ke hana, e ka Haku i ka mana. He mea i ke kumu a me ka kumu o nā mea a pau. Ke Akua, e like me ka mea nana i hana i hana ke ao nei, pū, o na waiwai a i na ia mea e like ai: aole e ole e pono no ke ola ana o kekahi mea, aka, ia ia iho. I pili i kekahi i kekahi i ka hana pakiko-lawa waiwai, a me ka Haku - e kiʻekiʻe.

Descartes i hookaawale ai i ka hana waiwai ma luna o nāʻano makelia hou (mea), a me ka uhane (i ka manaʻo). No ka haumāna mea waiwai ano o ke kikoo (lōʻihi o ke ana). Ka mea, e divisible i ka infinity. Uhane Creation waiwai, e like me ka poe akeakamai o ka manao, i ka hoailona o ka manaʻo. Ka mea, e inseparable.

Man punohu ma luna o nā mea a pau i ke koena i ke ano o ka mea ia ua haku o nā waiwai: mea a me ka uhane. Penei, he kanaka dualistic. Material a me ka uhane waiwai i loko o ka mea, e like. Pela i ike, "lei aliʻi o ka honua nei," Rene Dekart. I ka manao o ke nä känaka 'epekema hoʻoholo e dualism kālaiʻike o ka ninau mau loa o ka mea hele mua: mea a ike paka i.

Ka hooiaio ana o ka primacy o ke kumu

"I manaʻo, nolaila au no" - i ka mea kākau o ka aphorism kaulana o Rene Dekart. Major discoveries kālaiʻike ua muli ma ka postulate o ka primacy o ke kumu.

Ma nā mea a pau e hiki ke kanalua, no laila, he mea he maoli kanalua a me ka nele i maopopo. Mai kanalua - keia waiwai ua manaʻo. Ke kanalua ole ke kanaka manao. Nolaila, he kanaka maoli nei, e like me kona manao. Manao - ka hana o ka naau, no ia mea, i ke kumu o ka hana ana ma ka pono o ka naau.

nui Descartes

Ke nä känaka 'epekema? Aaeaaaaony i ka hoʻohana' ana o kekahi ano o ka nui ,ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka makemakika a me ke kālaikūlohea, akā, i loko o kālaiʻike. "E hoʻololi i ka 'ike mai handicrafts i hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo" - keia mea i ka hana i mua ona Rene Dekart. Ke aupuni i loko o ka mea ana i noho ai (ka oi aku o ka Jesuits), i kana ao ana i lawe.

Eia nō i ka walaʻauʻana tenets o keia epistemological iaoia:

• maupaʻa i ka noiʻi wale loa ike loea ike a me ka hoʻopono, mea,ʻaʻole ma ka kanalua;
• puunaue i ka luna 'pilikia i loko o māhele;
• neʻe mai o ka ike a me ka ai a me ka unproven na mea ike ole;
• hahai i ka ikaika kaʻina,, e pale aku emi ana o ka Logical loulou o ke kaula.

Ke ao ana o ka "innate manaʻo"

O ka nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ke akeakamai, i loaa mai i ke ao ana o ka "innate manaʻo," i ka mea kākau o ka i mea no hoi Rene Dekart. Ua hoʻokumu paʻa manaʻo a me nā theories postulate.

• Ka hapanui o ka ike ua loaʻa ka nui, akā, he mea i ike i ka mea e koi hoike - "innate nā manaʻo";
• ka mea, ua maheleia i manaÿo (no ka mea hoike, o ka uhane, ke kino, ke Akua, etc.) a me nā'ōlelo kūpaʻa (e like me, ka poe oi aku ia mamua o ka hapa).

Rene Dekart. Kawaihae: Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi

• i Over 20 makahiki o ka noho 'ana ma loko o ka Netherlands Rene Dekart e noho i loko o kona mau kūlanakauhale a pau.
• I. P. Pavlov, noonoo iho la no laila, i loko o ke alo o kona keʻena hoʻokolohua poe akeakamai kia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Rene Dekarta lākou noiʻi,.
• Descartes GCAP palapala A, B a me C Kû ke ia a eia i, a me ka hope palapala o ka Roma Hawaiʻi - aiaiiuo.
• Ma ka mahina he mea kekahi lua, i kapaʻia ma hope o ke nä känaka 'epekema nui.
• Kuekene Koroleva Kristina Ua makemake ia i kēlā kakahiaka i hana e like Rene Dekart. Kawaihae nä känaka 'epekema he' ike i ka mea, he ai i hana i kiʻi mai i elima, i loko o ke kakahiaka.
• A hiki i ka reburial o na i koe o ka poe akeakamai i ike nalowale o ka puniu wale no, i mea no laila,ʻaʻole i kekahi ke hoomaopopo.
• I loko nō o ka mea i hiki i keia manawa i ka oihana mana o ka make ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema noʻonoʻo i ka pneumonia, he nui loa manaoio nei au nana i pepehi. Ma ka 1980s ua hoike o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana me ka arsenic Rene Dekarta.