Reproductive hoʻokaʻawale - o ka mua koe i loko o ka evolution o? Ueo

Me ka reproductive hoʻokaʻawale o populations o kekahi? Ueony hoʻomaka, ka mea mau i ka maopopo insulated welau, ke kahua o ka hou laha 'o kekahi meaola ma luna o mākou Honua. Reproductive hoʻokaʻawale - ka Alapa a Omega o ka evolution o ke ola ma ka Honua.

hoʻokaʻawale kumumanaʻo

Panmictic no ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona (ka poe i nā kiʻie paʻi) i ka manaʻo o ka "Hawaii" e lawe pu i ka lākou o ka meaola i mea like ma na aoao, e noho ana i loko o ka ua wahi, a me ka hiki, e paʻi i ka piha. Kēia hoʻohuʻu noa hybridization a me kona helehelena momona keiki kakou nana. Reproductive hoʻokaʻawale - i ka huina a me ka hapa kapu ma luna o ka noa i kela kapa. Just ma lalo loa e pili ana i ka? Aneii kaʻina, maopopo a pāʻani i sterile hapalua keiki kakou nana.

Mea Maluna o ka'īpale ma kālaimeaola

I kēia lā, nā kānakaʻepekema - evolutionists kaumahaʻano o ka Mea Maluna nenoai, ano a me maomeka o liluwelo hoʻokaʻawale. Aia mau 'oihana, e lawe me ka kumu o ka manawa ololi, a completeness ua i kaua kipi e holo. E lawe mai i ke kumu o ka loa e like me ka rula o ka systematization o ka ike e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale kaumaha e kaulana biologist - FG evolutionist Dobzhansky (1900-1975).

Kela ano keia ano o ka'īpale lauwili e like me keʻano papa hana o ka hanana:

• Geographic hoʻokaʻawale o populations;
• ? aneie;
• maoli liluwelo.

E mākou noʻonoʻo i nui au mamuli o ka palapala o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale.

Leeuwerikplein i kaupalena '

Geographic reproductive hoʻokaʻawale - ia hoʻohaiki ana i ka noa i kela kapa o ka meaola, kena ae la ia e loli i loko o ka 'ā ina ano (i keʻano o ka mauna hoʻi o ke'ākeʻakeʻa, loli ma ka muliwai moe) a resettlement ioeo no nā'āpana. Ma keia hihia i ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka pae o ka meaola, a puni 'Aeʻa, a āina i nā nā'ōewe loko o ka noho kaʻawale pūʻulu. Ka loa kaulana hoʻohālike - Darwin mau finches, kekahi mau laha 'o a i ano o kēlā me kēia mokupuni. He mau manu ua paipaiʻia Charles Darwin e kākau i kana hana "ke kumu o ka laha 'ana o ia hoʻi, no Natural Anahonua".

'īpale i hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka kaianoho koholā ana

I? Aneie aʻe underlie? Aneeo reproductive hoʻokaʻawale o populations o ka ia? Ueony, na i loko o ka ia wahi. O ia aʻe paha e mismatching propagation manawa a me ka hānai 'ano o ke kanaka. Kekahi kānakaʻepekema i manaʻo i kēia palapala nei i ka reproductive hoʻokaʻawale. He hapa kapu, aole ia i alakai i ka impossibility o kea-? Aneii. Oiai, o ka manao o ka haumana OAOOUIEeE, examples nei ma ka ano. Ekolu ola ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Arctic sila? Ueo. I mai la lakou a pau e hele mai, mai ka ia phylogenetic kūpuna. Akā, Ross sila hanai wale nō cephalopods, kai leopadi -ʻino aiia penguins a me nā sila, a hoʻopaʻa i ka wepa Wittʻai iʻa wale. A me ka mea e ole hybridize i kekahi i kekahi, eia nae mea i like loa me ka nānā aku.

Nae reproductive hoʻokaʻawale

Maoli reproductive hoʻokaʻawale - ka mea, o ka palapala i ua pololei ua hoʻopili i nā 'ano o ka reproductive kaʻina. A laila, līkaia dokopulyatsionny poslekopulyatsionny a me maomeka i ole hōʻike hou o ko lākou mau ano.

haumana kekahi i kapaia o kela ano keia ano o ka'īpale liluwelo a reproductive maomeka a me nā Geographic a? aneeo hoʻokaʻawale pae dokopulyativnoy reproductive hoʻokaʻawale.

Dokopulyatsionnnye maomeka

Ua hoʻokaʻawale maomeka pili me ka impossibility o ka penei kekahi. Aia i ekolu 'ano apau loa.

1. Etologichekaya me nā hiʻona o ka moe hana, reproductive hoʻokaʻawale hou pili. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike: heʻano hana penei kekahi hana o ka manu, okoa rhythmic blinking o fireflies ma ke 'ano a me ka leo o ka mare ana o ka leo o nā rana, i ka likeʻole i loko o nā pheromones (Nine Inch waiwai palapala) nui nā pōpoki.
2. Mechanical hoʻokaʻawale ma muli o ka oko ao i loko o ka 'ole o ka reproductive nā loko. No ka laʻana, oko ao i loko o ka 'ole o ka pua orchid e alakai ai i ka manawa kūpono o ka pollination o ka hana i ho'ākāka' ano o ka hummingbird. ʻO ia He oiaio no nāʻano o nā kama'āina kumu wahine. Nā holoholona i pohihihi keia. No ka laʻana, ma Drosophilaʻo e pilikia ana, a me ka make ana o ka hoalawepu penei kekahi okoa? Ueo.
3. No 'ākeʻakeʻa germ aeee (gametes) kapa germline'īpale. Ua hoao experimentally ma keʻena hoʻokolohua a me Zoo. Ma keia hihia, penei kekahi i wahi, akā,ʻaʻole fertilized zygote.

Poslekopulyativnoy ano o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale

Ke manaʻo Ua kokoke i ka hope dokopulyativnoy hemolele hoʻokaʻawale, akā, ma kēia hihia o ka embryo ua hana. Naʻe,ʻo ia kekahi i pepehi ia ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka ontogeny, a make mua puberty, a me hapalua kanaka i sterile. me ka'ōewe, chromosome a cytological hiʻona keʻano papa hana o ka make a me ka sterility hapalua eiiieaena hou pili. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka acee? Iuo oeiia o hybrids i ikeia. Pili loa aku hybrids, me he koe, e e hiki i nā'ōlelo. Akā, laila, he mea ka kŰia ma kālaimeaola degeneration hapalua pepa - kēlā ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi hanauna o hybrids ua huikau increasingly hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia a i nā lālā.

Ke liluwelo manaʻo nui o reproductive hoʻokaʻawale

Ole a pau ano o ka hoʻokaʻawale o populations alakai i ke kahua o ka hou? Ueo. Akā, i ka mua ka anu u ma ka speciation mau i ka hapa 'a piha hoʻokaʻawale o populations a me nā pūʻulu o meaola. Over manawa, i ka wa a ka'ōewe mail mea i loko o ka paʻa kaʻawale pūʻulu accumulates aaiaoe oko ao mai nā pūʻulu o kēia 'ano, reproductive hoʻokaʻawale i oi nui a me ka paʻa. Me ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka lawa helu o nä mea i loko o nā genomes i olelo i hana i ka hou? Ueo. Ma kālaimeaola, ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā mea, ia mea kekahi manawa kokoke paʻakikī, e hoomaopopo i ka pae ana o meaola i loko o ka hou Look. Aka hoi, o kela mea keia iʻa o ka hohonu-kai trawling hookomo ana i ka moana noiʻi 'elele i ole i ike i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia systematics.