Sculptor Donatello: Kawaihae, hana, kiʻi

Donatello - mea he Italian sculptor, he 'elele o ke au o ke kakahiaka nui pakebona, ke kula Florentine. About i kona ola a me ka hana ana au i ke i loko o kēia 'atikala. Kawaihae no ka mea kākau ua i ikeia ma ka au mamuli, no laila ia mea hiki e hoike wale pokole.

Pōkole biographical 'ike e pili ana i ka sculptor Donatello

I ka wā e hiki mai sculptor Donatello i hānau i loko o Florence i ka 1386, ke keiki a Nikollo Di Betto Bardi - waiwai hulu hipa carder. He aʻo i loko o nā makahiki 1403-1407 i loko o ka Workshop o kekahi kanaka, o Lorenzo Ghiberti. Aiaʻo ia i aʻo, i loko o 'ana, keʻano hana o ke keleawe ninini. Ma ka hana o ka sculptor i loa 'ole ma ka familiarity me ka mea'ē aʻe he nui loa ke kanaka - Filippo Brunelleschi. Ghiberti a Brunelleschi noho lifelong hea ka hoa kupua paha.

Dzhordzho Vazari aku la i ka sculptor Donatello ua he loaʻia ke kanaka, loa polite, hana hoa loa maikai, aole loa iʻaʻole paʻa mea nui i ke kālā. Ua lawe la kana poe haumana a me nā hoa mai ia ia i ka nui me ka meaʻai.

Ke kakahiaka nui au o kaʻike hoʻokumu

I ka ha awina o keia sculptor i loko o ke kakahiaka manawa, ma ka 1410s, Ua pili me ka kulanakauhale kauoha, ka mea āna i hoʻomākaukau ai i decorate kela lehulehu hale ma Florence. No ka hale ole San Michele (mea helehelena) hanaʻia he Donatello kiʻi o St. George (ka wā mai ka 1415 a hiki i 1417) a me St. Mark (1411 a hiki i 1413). I ka 1415,ʻo ia ke hoʻoholo 'ia i ke kiʻi o St. Ioanna Evangelista, decorate Florence Hale Pule Nui.

E kukulu Komisina i ka hookahi makahiki no ka mea hoʻonani o ka Campanile kauoha, e hooko i ke kiʻi ma Donatello kaula. Over lākou hanaia'na kupuaʻo ia i hana ai no aneane elua makahiki (mai ka 1416 ma 1435). Five huahelu i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui Museum. "David" kiʻi, a me nā kāula (ma kahi o 1430-1432 makahiki) no pili kēia pili me ka laila pō Kokika i waha. Ka hihia Nani Loa pāpana subordinate huahelu, ike uniformly ia maka a me ke kino i uhiia i ke kapa kaumaha. Akā, i loko o kēia puke i haku ai oia ke imi e lawe i ka hou maikaʻi o kona mau makahiki - ka'ōlohe wiwo kanaka laʻelaʻe - Donatello. Sculptor hana i hana mai i kekahiʻano o nā kumuhana apau loa, i ka i hoikeia mai i kēia maikaʻi. He mea oi loa kekahi 'i loko o ke kiʻi palapala. Mark (1412), St. George (1415), e like me ka pono me Habakkuk a me Ieremia (makahiki o ka honua - 1423-1426). I nāʻano a lilo maopopo, lilo integral puke, kiʻi auou caiaiai ka typical lehalehu t, ka 'aoʻao, a me ka' opi o aahu kahiko mai ai i ke kino maoli ai, kona lua o ka hele a anuenue.

John XXIII hale kupapaʻu

Sculptor Donatello hana pu me Michelozzo hale kupapau o John XXIII i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1425 a hiki i 1427. Ua Ua lilo i Classic kumu o ka mea i hoʻohana no ka mea hope halekupapau no i ka pakebona. Lōʻihi-manawa alu like 'ana ma waena o nā sculptors mau hoʻomaka me keia hana.

E mahiki ana i na kii ma ke keleawe

Donatello ma ke kakahiaka nui 1420 i ka, pili ia i ka hoike ana o ke keleawe huahelu. Ma keia mea, me kona mau mua hana - he kiʻi o Louis o Toulouse, i i kauoha ia iā ia i loko o 1422, e decorate i ka niche ma A San Michele. 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa kupaianaha kia hoʻomanaʻo i, i noonoo i ka naauao o ka hemolele o ka mea kino mama, ma loko o ka pakebona.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo o Davida

I ka piko o kaʻike hoʻokumu o kēia haku i loko o ke akamai o ke keleawe o ka kiʻi o Davida, hana a puni 1430-1432 makahiki. Ua Ua papahana, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka medieval kiʻi kaula ma luna o ka poepoe huakaʻi. Kekahi HOU ua i ka theme like o ka nudity, i ka i kamaʻilio Donatello. Sculptor o Davida i kākauʻia olohelohe,ʻaʻole ma ka lole hooluelue, like i ka maʻamau ma mua, i ka manawa mua, mahope mai o ka Middle Ages like realistically, a me ka unahiʻole, i ka nui.

Other hana ma Donatello, e pili ana i ka 1410-la - i ka hoʻomaka o ka 1420-ies - i ke kii o ka liona kiʻi kālaiʻia mai sandstone - ka höʻailona o Florence, he laau Keʻa no ka ekalesia o Santa Croce, i ke keleawe apana kea no ka Ognissanti ekalesia, keleawe kiʻi, aia i loko o ka National Museum o Florence ma lalo o kapaia "Amorin Attis," i mea, apparently, i ke kiʻi o nā akua kahiko o fertility Priapus.

Nā hana ma keʻano hana o ke kokua ia

Ke ike maopopo i loko o keʻano hana o ka hoomaha ma ka Donatello ua i hoʻokahuli aupuni. Ka manaopaa no kaʻoia iʻo kiʻi sculptor illusionary wa hele aku ai a hiki i ka hanaia'na o ka flattened 'äina, kahi ka manaʻo hohonu ua hana ka hoʻohana puke o ka gradation. Hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka māhele illusion o ka pono o ke ki ina hana like o ka pololei kuanaʻike. "Kaha KiʻiʻAna" chisel, sculptor hoohalike i ka mea kākau o ka artist ka pena. It E e kaulana mai nei i na hana me "Ke kaua o George a me ka E Nihi Ka", "Pazzi Madonna", "ahaaina o Herode", "pii ana o Mary" a me na mea e ae. Kuhikuhipuʻuone kāʻei kua i loko o ka nani loa panorama o ke kupua ua hōʻike, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka rula o ka pololei kuanaʻike. He ua hiki ia e kekahi mau māhele cii ma i na huapalapala i.

A holo ana i Roma, i ka lua o ka Florentine au

Sculptor Donatello i loko o ka manawa, mai August 1432 a hiki i Mei 1433rd ke aupuni 'o Roma. Hereʻo ia a me Brunelleschi obmeryaet kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ke kulanakauhale,ʻimi ana i ke kiʻi kaula kahiko. Local kupa, e like me ke kaʻao, noʻonoʻo mau hoa o ka aiia. Roma nā manaʻo i lewa i loko o ia mau hana i ahu kele pūnaewele no ka Capella del Sacramento Komikina'Āina Eugene IV (Pope), "Annunciation" (ole -. Ke Cavalcanti, ike kiʻi ma lalo nei) e mele hale haʻuki o ke Florentine aha hookolokolo, a mawaho Dept., i no ka Hale Pule Nui ma Prato (manawa o ka honua nei - 1434-1438 makahiki).

Donatello loaʻa iā ia nāʻano classicism i loko o ke ola o "ka ahaaina o Herode", hana ma luna o kona hoi ana mai o ka huakaʻi a hiki i Roma.

Around 1440 ka sculptor hana puka keleawe, a me ka ewalu medallions no Florence Old Sacristy o San Lorenzo (ka wā mai ka 1435 a hiki i 1443). Ka hoohalike stucco ke kanaaho o ka eha i loaʻa kupaianaha ku okoa ana i loko o ke kiʻi interiors, na hale a me kanaka huahelu.

Padua manawa

Donatello ua hoouna mai i ka 1443 ma Padua. Eia hoʻomaka ka aʻe pae o kana hana. Ua hanaʻia he equestrian kiʻi o Erasmo de Ka Narni (Gattamelata kiʻi). Donatello hoolei aku ia i ka 1447, a ua hoʻokumu i ka hana i ka mea uuku hope - i ka 1453-m. Way mālama lākou me he kia hoʻomanaʻo no o Mareko Aurelius. E ho ohana i diagonal i hana i ka pahi kaua, a me ka lāʻau hahau Gattamelata (Erasmo inoa kapakapa), a me ka lima nā kūlana hana 'amelika na kii lio a me ka mea nāna e holo ma keʻano apana sculptor Donatello. Sculptures hana i loko o kēia wā, maoli nui. Ma waho o ka luna o ia hanaʻia ke kamaʻilio chancel. Antoniya Paduanskogo, e like me eha ke ola depicting, e hoohuli mai i kona ola, a i manaoia ka oioi o kaʻike hoʻokumu o kēia haku i loko o ka nani loa'āina.

Pela hoi, aole i ka wa a na keia noi Donatello hōʻike mai ana i nā kiʻi palapala. Ioanna Krestitelya ma Florence (ma ka Hale Martelli I V Fiorentina), ia mea i kaupalena 'ia ka loa makeʻe kulana. Ma nā hihia paa. John poe holo, a me na manamananui hope ua komo i loko o kēia neʻeʻana. Nature Ua lawe mai hou pohihihi.

A kiʻiona hiʻona o Donatello ka akamai ninoieo ma ka oiaio i ka sculptor i kākauʻia me ka ia ke akamai a me ka ikehu, ikaika, ano kanaka ui, a me ka lokomaikai. No laila, no ka laʻana, kiʻi kālaiʻia i loko o 1434 bas-kokua kinikini lānai o ka Hale Pule Nui kulanakauhale o Prato depicts hapa-kapa ole geniuses a me na keiki e paani mea kani a me ka hula a me na lei, o ka pua. Loa e ola ana lākou ka hele, playful a me ka e lauwili. ʻO ia ke ke kaulana a me nā bas-ke kanaaho i ka pohaku keokeo, i no Florence Hale Pule Nui.

Donatello i loko o nā makahiki, loaa ia makou ma Padua iki hana. Apparently, oia ua seriously mai. Sculptor hoʻi i ka 1453 ma Florence, a mau e noho ma laila a hiki i kona make ana (i ka 1466), koe wale no ka pōkole huakaʻi i ka 1457 a hiki i Siena.

Late Florentine manawa

Ua hoala mai i na mea pohihihi ma hope hana ma Donatello. Sculptor i loko o ka hopena o na hana i hana ole oukou i kaʻu mea hana hoihoi hana. I kekahi manawa, kamailio e pili ana i ka demise o kona akamai, a me ka hoʻi o kekahi mau Kokika i kūpono. Kiʻi kaula ma Donatello i loko o ka manawa, mai 1450 ka i kakahiaka 1460 ka poe ma ke kiʻi Marii Magdaliny (1455, Hawaii photo knm. Aia ma lalo), i ka lāʻau, i ka pae ana o "Iehudita a me Holofernes", he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Ioanna Krestitelya, ke kanaaho ma ka theme like o ke alahou ana, a me ka kuko o Kristo mau noho i loko o ka ekalesia o San Lorenzo. Ma kēia mau hana, Kīwala'ō i ka lono kaumaha theme like e hoʻomōhala ana i Donatello. Sculptor paa ana ma ka naturalism, i kona palena ma ka uhane Hi ohia. A helu o nā mele i ua pau ma hope o ka make ana o kona haku haumāna - Bertoldo a me Bellagio.

Sculptor make i ka 1466. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka ekalesia o San Lorenzo, a ua hoʻonaniʻia me kana hana, me ka nui hanohano. Penei ka manao i ka 'oihana Donatello. Sculptor, Kawaihae a me kana mau hana i ua hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua moekolohe i ka koʻikoʻi kūlana ma ka honua kuhikuhipuʻuone. 'Ōlelo Aʻo ia mea ua.

I ka waiwai o na hana o keia haku

Donatello ua he kī huahelu i loko o ka mōʻaukala o pakebona kiʻi kaula. Ua i ka mea nana i ka mea mua e systematically hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i keʻano papa hana o ke kanaka kino neʻeʻana,ʻo ia i kākauʻia hoomaka ae la i ka luna 'nui' ana, e hoomaopopo i na aahu aie i ka ea kino a me ka ana, i ka hana i ka hoike i kekahi kanaka kiʻi i loko o kiʻi kaula, huki ae hoʻolohe i ka noʻonoʻo ola o nā huapalapala ho'īli. He ka mea e pono i ke keleawe a me ka ninini i hooikaikaia i ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo. Trehplanny kokua ia, oia hoʻomohala, i ka hou ana o ke kiʻi kaula a me ka pena.