Sputum: pahuhopu a me nā kiʻina hana

Sputum huna ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i li nui o ka trachea, bronchi a me ia maʻiʻaʻai. Kona helehelena ia,ʻaʻole wale nō me ke pio o ka naehana oihana, akā, no hoi no ka naau a me ka vascular kāna hana. Nā Papahana sputum Komo macroscopic, microscopic a me Nine Inch ka wehewehena o kona 'ano.

Ka Ikepili hōʻike i

Sputumʻo ia ka mea hiki ke huai ae microorganisms mea i maʻi kaʻina hana, i hoʻokohu 'ia i ke alo o ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis, e hōʻike Ka maʻi' aʻai keena, ke koko a me ka purulent impurities, a no hoi e hooholo mea koʻohune ia'ku i antibiotics.

Ma lalo o ka hana hea ua hōʻike 'Ikepili

Sputum i loko o ka nohona ma Ka Ikepili hana ma lalo o ke ana ma lalo nei:

• cough;
• li nui o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai;
• li nui o na bronchi;
• akemāmā abscess;
• tuberculosis;
• bronchiectasis;
• pulmonary gangrene;
• akemāmāʻeho;
• bronchitis i loko o ka huʻi ke ano;
• maʻi bronchitis;
• i ka maʻi tonsillitis;
• tuberculosis;
• whooping cough;
• silicosis;
• huʻi ano o obstructive bronchitis;
• li nui o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai;
• anthrax.

Survey awina

Ka bitumena e e maikaʻi anao? Aou, ina ma ka ai ia Eva ma mua o ka hoihoi, e lawe i ke Ka Ikepili koʻi lipi no expectoration, a hoʻopau nui dala o ka mehana e inu. Mua o kaʻohi waiho e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka niho a me ka moʻolelo lua, holoiʻia ia ia me ka mehana ka wai hoolapalapaia.

XIX. Lula no ka ohi

E ohi i sputum no ka bacteriological ninaninau ua makemake e paka i loko o ke kakahiaka (ua 'ohi i ka po mua o ka palaoa) i loko o ka sterile ipu, a ua hoopuka ia ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. No ka mea Ikepili o lawa nui o 5 ml. Ka Ikepili o ka secretion ua i ole ma hope o 2 hola ma hope o kā lākou ohi. A hiki i ka manawa o ka hoʻouna e noiʻi i kahi o ka ipu e e mālama paʻa i loko o ka Pahu Hau.

I ka nui o ka sputum i ka maʻi likeʻole

Helu anao? Aou secretion loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka pathological kaʻina. Nō kāu, e loli aʻe mai kekahi mau kuha ana i 1 hano no ka lā. A uuku huina ua hookuu ia i ka li nui o ka bronchi, congestive keʻano o ka hanaʻana hoomaka ana me na ia maʻiʻaʻai a me bronchial asthma hoouka. I ka pau ana o ke kaua ka leo, piʻi pū. Ua hiki e mai ia 0.5 nā lika, a ku ma ka nui nui, ina he mea pulmonary edema.

Nui mucus ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ma ka purulent kaʻina hana i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai ka wā Kamaʻilio me ka bronchi, me ka festering, bronchiectasis a me ka gangrene.

TB sputum akemāmā'aʻaʻa hōʻike ka palaho. Ma kekahi, e like me ke kaʻina hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka lua i hōʻike ana i ka bronchi.

Mai ka mea nana i kauoha aku i ka emi ana a me ka mahuahua ma ka secretion hoʻokaʻawale

Mahuahua excretion secretion i ke pili me ka mea hōʻemi ano o ka hoʻomanawanui, a ua hoʻonānā i exacerbation. Ka mahuahua hiki no hoi i kapa i ka maikaʻiʻano o? Acaeoey o ka maʻi.

Hoemi i ka nui o ka pee mucus ke hōʻike regression o ka li nui 'ole' aʻe 'ia ma nōkahea lua piha me ka pus. Ma keia hihia, no ka mea hōʻemi o hoʻomanawanui ola.

ano o ka hookuuia

Mucous secretion ku no ka bronchitis i ka huʻi a me maʻi ano o bronchial asthma, pneumonia, Ka maʻi 'aʻai, hikoko o ke akemāmā, bronchiectasis, pulmonary hydatid cyst, pu ma ka suppuration, actinomycosis.

Sputum me ka admixture o ka pus ua malamaia ma ka akemāmā abscess, bronchiectasis a me ka echinococcosis.

Mucus i hui pūʻia me ka ke koko, a me he loa o ke koko ano o ka tuberculosis. I keʻano o ke koko ke hōʻike i ke alo o ka maʻi 'aʻai, bronchiectasis, akemāmā festering. Nō hoʻi, e like me ka kŰia ua ike ia ma ka waena lobe maʻi pale, myocardial infarction i loko o ka akemāmā, trauma, actinomycosis a me syphilitic lesions. Ke koko i e noho kaʻawale, a lobar a me ka mea nui pneumonia, congestive keʻano o ka hanaʻana, cardiac asthma a me pulmonary edema.

Serous sputum ua malamaia ma pulmonary edema.

sputum waihoʻoluʻu

Sputum keia hookolokolo ana hōʻike mea okoa nā pōpō. Mucous a serous hookuuia aʻole i ka mea iaʻano hoʻokahi paha i ka whitish hue.

E pili ana i pus haawi manao maopopo he omaomao iki hue i characterizes ka pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana e like me akemāmā abscess, gangrene, bronchiectasis, akemāmā actinomycosis.

Koho i ka hoʻopā o ka lepo a eleele kala like 'ole i ka' ia ka mea, aia no iloko olaila i hou ke koko, a me kona palaho nā huahana - hematin. Keia huna hiki ke hoʻokuʻuʻia me ka lobar pneumonia, anthrax, pulmonary infarction.

He omaomao iki kala like 'ole me ka hoʻopā o melemele lepo a nalo hoike o naehana ka maʻi i loko o ka hui pu ana me ka jaundice.

Ka melemele kala like 'ole o ka sputum ua iaʻi lakou me ka eosinophilic pneumonia.

Mucus ocher ia lŘlŘ ma siderosis maʻalahi.

Blackish ole grayish huna kaulana i ke alo o ka lanahu ka lepo impurities. I ka pulmonary edema serous sputum malama i ka nui loa. E like me ka rula, ka mea, ua pena uniformly a pink ke kala ku i ke alo o ka ula koko keena. Oia wai a kaawale e like cranberry wai.

Pena malu ke a me kekahi ai '. No ka laʻana, antibiotic "Rifampicin" ke haawi aku ia i ka ulaula waihoʻoluʻu.

ala

Ke ano o ka pathological kaʻina hana i loko o ka naehana'āpana e hōʻike secretion a me ka honi. Sputum haawi i ke ala o ka popoʻole me ka gangrene o ke akemāmā a bronchus putrid lesions, Ka maʻi 'aʻai, hikoko, necrosis complicating bronchiectasis.

Ke alo aku o ka papa

Pinepine i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i hōʻike i ke alo o secretions papa. I ka stagnant phlegm me ka admixture o ka pus ua malama me festering akemāmā a me ka bronchiectasis.

Ke ike ole ia i ka popoʻole admixture be ekolu papa. Ka luna, ahu iho Ua like ke hua serous meakino, a me ka mea ma lalo doped me pus. Oia ka haku mele 'ana ua wehewehe aku ma ka gangrene akemāmā.

impurities

Admixture o ka ai hiki ke malama i ka alo o ka malignantʻeho no ka esophagus ma luna o kona kamaʻilio me ka bronchi a me ka trachea. Ma hope o hui 'ana me tapeworm i loko o ka bronchi i loko o ka sputum hiki ke' akomi i ole scolex lou ka parasite. Loa kākaʻikahi loaʻa nā mākua o ka Ascaris e komo iloko o ka naehana'ōnaehana i loko o immunocompromised kanaka.

akemāmā fluke hua cysts ikeia ma ka wanaao ae i ua hanaʻia i loko o ke akemāmā ma ke alo o parasites.

Gangrene a me ka akemāmā abscess i keʻano o nā'āpana poʻohiwi o ka akemāmā necrosis. I ka hikoko paha e noho i loko o secretions koena ai a pau.

Convolution i loaʻa ka fibrin i loaʻa i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka fibrinous bronchitis, tuberculosis a me ka pneumonia.

Rice bipi maka aniani 'ole Koch hoʻomaopop' ana i tuberculosis.

Pani'ōmole Dietrich, me decomposition nā huahana o koʻohune a me akemāmā'aʻaʻa keena momoma nāʻakika, i hoʻomaka ai ma putrid bronchitis a gangrene akemāmā.

Maʻi tonsillitis palapala komo ai kaawale mai ka tonsils kuʻina koʻo like i pani'ōmole Dietrich.

Ka Nine Inch iaoiaeii

Sputum Nine Inch hana kŰia hoomaopopo ana:

• kumuʻiʻo inideka, i hiki ke kōkua ma ka palena pauʻike, o ka maʻi palapala o ka bronchitis a me ka tuberculosis. Bronchitis maʻi palapala ia malu ko läkou 'o kumuʻiʻo, a e e nui kiʻekiʻe i loko o tubercular lesions o ka nui o ke kumuʻiʻo ma sputum, a me ka mea hiki ke hōʻikeʻia e nui (i i 100-120 g. / K).
• Bile pigments. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka sputum i loko o ke pio ana o ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana ma ka hui pu ana, me ka hepatitis. Ma keia hihia hōʻike ana i ke akepaʻa, a me na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Bile pigments i hoʻomaopop 'ana i pneumonia i ua kena ae la ma ka'opi o ka akemāmā i loko o ka erythrocytes, a me ka mahope loli ma ka hemoglobin.

Cytological huna noiʻi iaoia

No ka palena pauʻike, o ka tuberculosis a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe akemāmā lesions ia mea i lohe nui ia Pap hana, a he mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: lapaʻau a me microscopic ninaninau o sputum.

Lapaʻau noiʻi kōkua hooholo a iaoia e e ohi mea, e loaa i ka pololei hopena o ke Ka Ikepili.

Aia i mau kumu nui ke ano o na mea, i pono ka microscopic ninaninau o sputum: noho'na makaainana i ulu, a hoemiia. I ka lua o kaʻano o ka secretion ua loaa i ka aoao o nā stimuli (no ka expectoration konohiki, inhalations a me ka mea e like. D.).

Material loaa ma ke kuikele biopsy

Cytological ninaninau o sputum komo ai i ke ao o ka macroscopic a me microscopic ninaninau ana i kona keena.

Ka hapa nui o ka 'ike no ka cytological Ka Ikepili o ka sputum i lawe i ke kakahiaka ma luna o ka nele'ōpū. Prior i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka mea e waiho waho i hou aku 4 hola.

• I sputum ana squamous epithelial keena, a i aʻo microscopically. Akā, no ka meaʻike,, ka mea, i ole ano. columnar epithelial keena - nā hookahi, a ma ka pūʻulu - hiki ke malama i ka maʻi e like me bronchial asthma, bronchitis a me ka akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai. E noke i ka columnar epithelium i ikea no i ka anal o ka nasal mucus.
• Alveolar macrophages i reticuloendothelial keena. e loaʻa Macrophages i loko o ka cytoplasm (lepo (particles) a phagocytic aeee) hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā mea maʻi i i loa-makahiki lepo ana.
• Macrophages protoplasm (i hanaʻia ma ka hālāwai hope o ka hemoglobin) naau kina kapa aeee. Ka mea, ke hana ana i stagnant keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai, mitral kiwikā stenosis, pulmonary infarction.

• A uuku helu o leukocytes na i loko o kekahi sputum. Lākou kiʻekiʻe maʻiʻo o kaulana ma ka admixture me ka pus secretion.
• Eosinophils. Oia keena waiwai mucus ma asthmatics. Keena i ke kaha maha me ke ano o ka eosinophilic pneumonia lesions helminths meaola, tuberculosis a me pulmonary infarction.
• Erythrocytes. Kanaka ulaula koko aeee mai i hōʻike 'ana i ke kiʻi o ka maʻi. Ka muli o ka mahuahua nui o ka hoike ana o ke alo o ke kahe ana ke koko i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ka hou koko erythrocytes manao ikaika. Inā he mea i admixture o ke koko, i stagnated ma na maʻiʻaʻai no ka lōʻihi manawa, loaʻa leached erythrocytes.
• Cancer keena. Ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa ma ka malu pūʻulu. Ka mea, hōʻike i ke alo o kaʻeho. A hiki aku oe i hookahi aeea mea pinepine o ka pilikia ma kaʻike,. Ma ia ano hihia, he hou-Ka Ikepili o ka sputum.
• Laholio olona,ʻo konaʻano ua kena ae la ma ka'opi o ke akemāmā'aʻaʻa, tuberculosis hoonaukiuki, abscess, gangrene,ʻeho. Gangrene i na keena e ole mau wehewehe aku i ku pono i ka hana o nā'ūhū, i nā anamanaʻo, ka mea, i ke ia ka pono.
• Kurshmanaʻoni iho. Kēia kūikawā kino, i 'ano like me ka Tube. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ke ao ma lalo o ka microscope. I kekahi manawa, kekahi 'a me ka maka. Nō kāu helix hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka maʻi e like me bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis a me ka pneumonia.
• Charcot-Leyden nā pōaka i loaʻa i loko o ka sputum me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o eosinophils i loko o kēia mau lesions, like bronchial asthma, eosinophilic pneumonia. Autopsy tuberculosis outbreak i loko o ka lumen o na bronchi i e wehewehe aku e ke alo i loko o ka secretion o laholio olona, naʻokoko nā pōaka, a me amorphous Lime MBT (ka ai-kapaia tetrad Ehrlich) - 100%.

Ka hoʻohana o microscopy

Collection o sputum haukaʻe i microscopy no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka papa hana komo ai ka Ikepili o secretions no ka loaʻaʻana o ka Mycobacterium maopopo i ka tuberculosis. Ka mea, e like me ka mea lahilahi, ao ma ka aoao a me ka waena curves koʻokoʻo o okoa kona lōʻihi, a i manaʻo nā singly, a ma ka pūʻulu.

Ka loaʻaʻana o ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis mea,ʻaʻole he Hoʻohaku hiʻona no kaʻike, a me ka pono e hooiaio ai ma ka bacteriological hana. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ma ka uku ana o kekahi huna hiki ole ke 'akomi i.

Ke kumu no ka Ikepili mea, ua lawe mai o kanaha eonoʻokoʻa i nā wahi purulent (particles) a triturated a laumania mau panes. Next, ka mea, i maloʻo ma ka lewa, a paa ma ka puhiʻino lapalapa ahi.

Bacteriological ninaninau o ka sputum Ziehl-Nielsen i hookohu aku i paipai ia i loko oʻulaʻula. Ma kēia hihia, na mea huna a pau o ka huna, a me ke koe o ka mycobacteria, i Wai me ka uliuli, a me ka mycobacteria iʻulaʻula.

I ka tuberculosis meaola kēia lesion ma hope o ekolu haʻawina no ke alo o ka mycobacteria me ka hopena maikaʻi pane i io ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka flotation iaoia (Ka Ikepili Pottenger).

Ke mau ala, e noiʻi i hoʻohaumiaʻo haukaʻe i MTB haawi i ka maikaʻi hopena wale i ka wa o ka helu ana o MTB liʻiliʻi 50 000 huahelu no 1 ml o sputum. E like me ka helu o ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis e hoahewa mua ole i ke Akua.

Bacterioscopy nā mea maʻi me ka nonspecific akemāmā maʻi

Keʻena hoʻokolohua haʻawina o sputum ma ke alo o ka ole-i ho'ākāka 'akemāmā maʻi ma microscopy ke hoike i ka kēia koʻohune:

• I ka li nui o na ia maʻiʻaʻai - pneumococci, diplococci Frenkel, Friedlander koʻohune, streptococci, staphylococci (100%).
• I ka gangrene malamalama i hiki ke 'akomi i kālī koʻokoʻo ma ka hui pu ana, me ka spirochaete HIHIHI (80%).
• Hū fungi (70%), e hooholo i ke 'ano e pono ai i ka hua malu.
• Drusen actinomycete (100%) ma actinomycosis.

Ka buke o ka secretion i ola kanaka

Pohupani hale o mucus pee trachea a me ka bronchi i loko o kānaka,ʻaʻole e loaa ana i kekahi pathologies, HEN, mai 10 a hiki i 100 ml / lā.

Maʻamau haʻahaʻa pae o leucocytes, he study ma i kohuia haukaʻe i mycobacteria haawi i ka io result.