Thymus (thymus). Thymus - 'ole. Thymus - henua

I kēia lā, e hōʻike mākou oe e pili ana i ka mea i ka thymus (thymus). Eia kekahi, 'oe e aʻo ana i ka hao i ka la o ke kino, i hana i ka hanaia, a ma ka mea, ua noho ai.

Overview

Thymus (thymus) - he kino o kanaka lymphopoiesis, e like me na holoholona. Ua hana immunological "aʻo", maturation a me differentiation o T-keena o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

helehelena Kino

Thymus (thymus) - mea heʻuʻuku ma ka nui kino me ka palupalu hana mau, me ka pinkish-oho ano me ka lobed ili honua. I keiki keiki kona Ana e ma kahi o 4 knm ākea, 5 - ma ka lōʻihi, a 6 - ma ka mānoanoa. Thymus i nā keiki i ia i ke kaupaona ana ma kahi o 15-17 nā huna.

Kiʻekiʻe o ke kino kŰlń ao a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o ka puberty. I loko o kēia wā kona Ana hiki ia i kā mākou Hawaiʻi: mai i 7,5 knm ma ka laula, a 16 - ma ka lōʻihi. Kona nuipa a hiki e 20-38 nā huna.

Me ka makahiki o ka thymus (thymus) e undergo atrophy, a me ka wa elemakule, aole ia i oko mai o ka puni momoma'aʻaʻa. I ka 75 makahiki, i ka nui o ka ia i ke kino nei wale 6 nā huna. Eia hou, e haalele i kona waihoʻoluʻu. O ke kumu ho i ka mea ulu i loko o kona kaʻana like 'ana o nā mea momona keena, a me ka stroma. Pela, ke thymus gland i oi yellow.

Ke thymus gland: i ka wahi i loko o ke kanaka kino

Ke thymus o ka luna o ka pahu. He ua huna ma hope pono o ka breastbone. Ma ke alo o ke kino e pili ana sternum i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka 4th costal cartilage, e like me ili. Ma hope iho ona hoʻopā aku i ke keena aina o ka pericardium, i uhi no ka loiloi mua loa o ka pulmonary artery a me ka aorta, ka hema brachiocephalic Vienna, a aortic e pio. Ma na aoao elua, he mea mediastinal pleura.

Ka 'ole o ke kino

Ano, e ike i ka mea a ka thymus. Ke kanu'ōiwi o keia kino, ua noonoo manawa. Ma kānaka, ka mea, he o he 2-lobes, spliced i kekahi i kekahi a pili loa e pili. I ka haʻahaʻa o ka thymus mea akea, a me ka luna, ma ka mea ku ole, ka loa haiki. Ka luna laau o ke kino, ua ikaika reminiscent o elua-pronged ke'ō. Maoli, nolaila kona inoa.

Loa ua uhi kino a pau i ka kūikawā mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, a ua haku o anuanu'aʻaʻa (connective). E haele oukou pela mai kona jumper ma ka hohonu. Ka mea, e puʻunaue i ka thymus i loko o slices.

Lymph, ke koko a me ka lako hou innervation

I ke koko na lako o ka hui, ua loko mai thymic lala o ka aortic e pio mai, thoracic artery (kūloko ma), a me ka brachiocephalic kumu a me na lala o ka lalo a me ka hoaka o thyroid arteries. Me ka pili ana i ka venous outflow, ka mea, ua lawe mai ma na lala brachiocephalic a me na thoracic aa koko.

Ke lymph kahe aku mai ka thymus a me ka lymph parasternal tracheobronchial plexus.

Innervated thymus (ka hana ana o keia kino, e hoʻokū 'olelo mahope) hema a me ka pono i na lala o ka vagus nā aʻalolo, a me kōkua aloha, a originate mai ka stellate kōkua aloha o knots a me ka hoaka o thoracic kumu e i haku no nā aʻalolo plexuses a puni i nā ipuʻai kino.

Ka 'ole o ka'aʻaʻa

Thymic stroma ninoieo loa o ka epithelium. Diverticula originate mai kolu o ka halo o mua e pio mai, a laila, germinate i loko o ka anterior mediastinum. Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka stroma o ka hui, ua hanaʻia e nā kaula makalii (mai 4th hui o branchial hoaka).

Lymphocytes i loko mai hematopoietic anei i aeee i E neʻe i ai i ke akepaʻa hui,. Nō kāu, keia ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka mua, lua trimester.

Ma ka wahi mua i loko o ka thymus'aʻaʻa o ka ka hoʻonuiʻana o kekahi koko keena. 'Oiai, koke ua hoemi ia kona hana ana i ke kahua o T-lymphocytes. I haiia ae maluna,, ke thymus i ka lobed 'ole. Ma na nā'aʻaʻa o ka lolo lobesʻike a me ka cortex. Ka hope ua aia ma luna o ka periphery a nānā e like me ka pouli ke kina ole. ¶ A i loko o ka cortex he mau koko capillaries a me arterioles.

It E e pakahi aku la ia kaulana i kaʻeleu ke keʻena maupaʻa aeee:

• hematopoietic lymphoid hanauna ( 'o ia hoʻi, oʻo T-lymphocytes);
• haematopoietic macrophage moʻo (interdigitiruyuschie a me dendritic keena, typical o macrophages).

Eia hou, i ka cortex nā keena o epithelial ka molekumu o, a me:

• stellate (thymus pee wailana hōmona - thymosin, thymopoietin, a me ka hooponopono ana i ka ulu kaʻina hana, a me ka differentiation maturation o T keena, a me ka ha awina o ka oi oo keena o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu).
• kākoʻo aeee (ma muli o ia ia ua hana "iwi"'aʻaʻa, a ua hoi i hanaʻia gematotimusny ke'ākeʻakeʻa);
• kletki "nanny" me ka intussusception, kahi lymphocytes hoʻomōhala.

Ma lalo o kēia mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku kino predominate T lymphoblasts (fissile). More kaumaha loa ke aupuni 'ʻoihana kaua, T lymphocytes, i ke kiʻekiʻe o E neʻe i ai i ka lolo waiwai. It E e kaulana i kā lākou maturation lawe ma kahi o 20 lā. I keia wā, aia no i ke kahua a me ka rearrangement o nā'ōewe hoʻopā'ālua T-aeea mea loaʻa. Ma hope iho o ia, ka mea, undergo koho (maikaʻi). Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka epithelial keena hoʻomaka e koho wale "kupono" lymphocytes, ke kākoʻo '-receptors a me TCR.

I kekahi mua o ke koho ana o lymphocytes io. Ua holo 'ana ma luna o ka mokuna me ka cerebral hehee ai. keena o monocytic kumu e hoomaka ana e koho i keena, he mea hiki, e pāʻani aku me na antigens o ke kino, a laila, hoʻomaka lākou apoptosis.

It E e kaulana ia i loko o ka medulla he hapanui T-lymphocytes (oo ana). He mai 'aneʻi ka mea haʻalele i ke koko, a noho iho i loko o ke kino. Ke kelepona hele haku mele 'ana o ka waiwai a ua hōʻike stellate, ke kākoʻo epithelial keena a me macrophages. Eia hou, eia Hassall ka corpuscles a me efferent lymphatic moku.

Thymus: hana

No ke aha la makou e pono ai keia kino, a mea hana e hanaʻia i loko o ke kino? Thymic hormones e like me timalin, thymosin, thymopoietin, thymic humoral ololi, insulina-e like ulu ololi-1 mau polypeptides. Inā he kanaka hypothymism e e malama,ʻo ia mea e hoʻonele i ka hopena o ka na hiohiona emi emi i ka helu ana o T-lymphocytes i loko o ke koko.

Penei, ka mea hiki ke pakele e hoʻomaopopo i ka T-lymphocytes ma ka thymus kuai i na waiwai i i ka palekana i ka aeee i lilo haole kino (ma muli o ia mau nā palapū). Ke kakahiaka nui lilo ana o ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka thymus gland e alakai i ka hemahema ana o na kanaka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

Epithelial keena o ka thymus lobes paka i ka hōmona e regulates ka hou 'ana o lymphocytes i mai la oia hui,. Ma kekahi mau hihia, ma ka adulthood e ia i kekahi mau oko i hoʻonele. E like me ka rula, keia mea ma muli o ke pathological loli ma ka thymus a me nā lymphoid nā loko. Kēia haiahū kūmau hiki pono ia i ke kumu o ka ulia ka make ana o ka hoʻomanawanui i anesthesia iʻoki kino.

Kilo'ōlelo aku nei au i ka thymus mea he kikowaena hui, o ka kanaka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

hooponopono

Thymus hormones a me kā lākou secretion ua hooponopono ma glucocorticoids, oa ka ai-kapaia hormones o ka adrenal cortex. Eia hou, no ka hana ana o ke kino kuleana interferons, lymphokines a me interleukins, hua mai la ma kekahi mau keena o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

Hiki thymus maʻi

Kēia kino i ke koiia mai e deviations e like me:

• Di Dzhorzhi maʻi pale;
• Medac maʻi pale;
• myasthenia gravis (ulu me he kuokoa maʻi, akā, ua pinepine pili me ka thymoma).

Eia hou, ma ka ia manaʻo kino e i hikoko e like me:

• thymoma, thymic i hanaʻia, mai ka epithelial halepaahao;
• T-aeea lymphoma, ka pukaʻana mai o nā lymphocytes, a me kā lākou mau precursors;
• neuroendocrine hikoko;
• mālama '-T-lymphoblast hikoko i kekahi manawa i iniiaiie IIeEeAIEUAA i loko o ka thymus, a ua hōʻike' ia ma ke ano o ka papakaukau infiltration i loko o ka mediastinum, i ukali ia e instantaneous hou 'i loko o leukemia;
• pohihihi keiaʻeho (nā aʻalolo a vascular me Kinohi).

Ua E hoi e kaulana i thymic hikoko i e ka hoike ana o ka maʻi pale o ka endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Owai la ka mea e kelepona i ka anamanaʻo?

Inā he mea i hoʻohuoiʻia i nā lesions ana i loko o ka thymus, alaila oe e ike koke kipa immunologist a me ka oncologist. Ma muli o ka MRI aeaiiua, X-Ray a me ka HI scan NineManga.com o ka pahu, kauka ke kau i ke hoʻomanawanui i kaʻike, a me ka pololei i hoakaka ia hana (makeʻe kulana aʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau).