Ukana moku a me ko lakou Mea Maluna

Kekahi Mea Maluna o ka wahi lulu Aha ua ka nānā 'kuhikuhi ma ko lakou manao. Ukana moku e hoʻolaha i loko o ka ia. Civilians i maheleia i kalepa, amo no i ka'auwaʻa a me ka oaoieei hana a me kākoʻo.

amo

Mau moku ukana i ka papa kuhikuhiE kāna mau 'ōlelo o ka muliwai, a me ke kai'auwaʻa. Ka mea, i ke hoʻololi e lawe i kekahiʻano o nā moku. Kēia pūʻulu i kona iho maloko Mea Maluna: ukana moku, ukana a me ka hana. Maoli, he mau ukana tankers a me ka maloo ukana, a me kēia mau mea pū kekahiʻano o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo hookohu a me ke ano.

e Details e manaoia kela a me keia o kēia mauʻano, a me nā moku halihali mokulele bulk, mau manao a me ka hana kūikawā no ka lawe ana pololei i ho'ākāka 'wahie. Papahana no ka mau ukana moku amo - General manao. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka loa, he pono ole type.

Maloo ukana moku

Maloo bulk ukana moku - ia mau moku me ka paʻa a pau o ia? Iaeoe? I ka papa kuhikuhiE hapa akea hoi. Ka mea, e hele mai i loko o hoʻokahi, a me ka papalua trohpalubnymi, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ka moku. Ke engine lumi ana koina kakolina diesel engine mea kanu, ka mea, ua Aia kekahi i loko o ka hānai ai 'oni iki pili ana i ka ihu i ka mau o ka waiwai paa. No kela a me keia ke manao nei ukana moku papahana nā kona iho hoʻomoe, a me kekahi, paa hou mai la mechanically.

Ukana konohiki nā taps a kanaka pua me ka 'auhau o ka i no he umi tona, a ua hoʻolako pono kaumaha mau moku me ka nui mana - mai i elua haneri tona. Hoikehonua, meaola ukana moku i refrigerated paa no perishable waiwai a me ka hohonu poʻina nalu no ka wai aʻai mea kāhinu,. Akā, i ka muliwai maloo ukana moku, nānā 'ole o ka nui a me ka' auhau e hoomakaukau me kekahi wale ukana paʻa, i ka hiki pono o ka lawe mai ukana a me ka unloading hana.

hana kūikawā Aha

Oia bulk nā moku halihali mokulele hiki ke maheleia i loko o nā pūʻulu ma ka Pahu Hau, trailer, ipu moku, laau moku no ka amo ana o kaa, bulk ukana, na holoholona laka a me ka mea e like. Refrigerated amo perishable ai - hua, ka iʻa a me ka ai. Ka waiwai paa - ike loea'īpale, refrigeration huahelu, ka hoʻolako 'ana ka huʻihuʻiʻana i ka wela o ka elima degere i ka hua he iwakalua-kumamalima. hiki ole Hoikehonua, refrigerators malama wale i ka wela, akā, no hoi e e kokololio ke kūpaleʻana, ka mea i kapa i ka? iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka amo Pahu Hau. Maloo ukana moku no transporting hua, e hāʻawi Hoʻonui i ke hoʻokomo ea o nā mea a pau i ka paa.

Kōmike ano o na moku ukana i hookiekie ana nona iho i ka umikumamalua tausani tona, ka mämä holo o ka bulk nā moku halihali mokulele ma luna ma mua o ka ipu mau-manao, like perishable ai a me ke koi ke ake haawi. Ipu ia i kona kalaka lawe aku i ka mua pūʻolo helu waiwai ma ka ipu kēia ipu kālā mai ka umi a hiki i ka iwakalua tona kēlā me kēia, a me ka moku iho ke hoala mai he iwakalua tausani a me nā tons Pńk'pika ma ka mämä holo o ka mai i kanakolu knots. Pahu koke, a hiki wawe ka ukana, a unloaded aie i ka mea i ka ipu, iluna no ua hakuloli ia ka lehulehu 'ana o ka paa. Loa pinepine, i ka ukana a me ka unloading iauaeoia i maʻi - gantry nā manuʻioʻio. Laau - he ano o ka ipu, keia la i na moku-kapaia māmā, ka mea, e hookuu mai i ka moku 'ana i loko o ka wai, a ke kaulaʻoka, i ka quay.

eeia

Moku o kēia 'ano i ka lā i nā mea a pau i ka malina mana, e like me keia hana mana, e hoʻokēʻai ai, a e leie aku oe i koke e ukana a me ka unloading - ma kahi he umi wikiwiki ma mua ma luna o ka moku i mea ole i hoʻolako pono me ka kūikawā eeia, i wahie, pono waiwai a me ka mea hoʻolilo o ka moku. Hanalima? Acaeoey ua nunui hoʻonui, a hooikaika aku la i kalepa ma waena o nā'āina, ia mea, ano, e pono ke lawe aku ma lōʻihi mamao hana pono, mahiʻai, ka halihali. Sea a me ka muliwai ukana moku hiki ole ke aho hana i na hana.

Eeia lawe ukana ma eeia, i mea waleʻolokaʻa aʻela i loko o ka kaua. Nona iho La - mai ka tausani a he umi tausani tona, a me ka wikiwiki - mai a hiki i ka iwakalua-eono knots. 'O kēia ka loa i olelo mua iaʻi, a holo i keia ano o ka waiwai moku. Ka mea, i mau ka hoʻomaikaʻi. He nui eeia i hou i ka ukana ma ka paʻa i hakuloli e lawe aku pahu waihona ma luna o ka luna, iluna no. Na moku i loaa ia ia kona inoa - he piggyback.

bulkers

Bulk ukana amo hana kūikawā moku - bulk nā moku halihali mokulele. Kēia paha e eliia, a ua nele noʻonoʻo, lanahu, fertilizers, hale pono hana, ka palaoa a me ka mea e like. More aku he kanahiku pakeneka o nā mea a pau ukana kaʻi aku e maloo ukanaʻo ia ia i ke kai a me ka muliwai o? Ooia bulk, a no ia mea, ua ulu koke ka helu o ke kaa: i kēia lā, oi aku he iwakalua pakeneka o ka na tona o ka honua'auwaʻa nō a hiki i kēiaʻano.

Bulk nā moku halihali mokulele e māheleʻia i loko o ke ao, no ka mea kaumaha wahie, a no ka malamalama. moku he nui i hakuloli no pālua hana: i - ka mea e hoohehee hoʻi - aila a kaa, a me ka pulupulu, a pau. Kēiaʻano o ka - 'aha kino hookahi me ka superstructure a me ka engine lumi ma ka hope. Nona iho wale ka mea, nui - mai i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima tausani tons, akā, i ka mämä holo o haʻahaʻa - mai i ka umikumamaono aka wahi. e kaʻi aku ka waiwai i loko o ka paʻa me ka ihona hene pā pōhaku no selfdistributed ukana - a lengthwise a crosswise. Ma waena o ka mea kākoʻo, a me ka pahu pa hoonohonoho no ka ballast wai. I kekahi manawa, lonikū bulkheads i loko o ke kaua i e emi i ka'ōwili, ina ka haawe 'oni iki, a ua papahana i ka lua o ka palaoa me ka kilo a meʻia naʻe mea papa hele no ka maʻalahi hoʻouka ana.

tankers

Kēiaʻano o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo i puunaueia i tankers no kaʻaila kā nā huahana, maka aila, wahie aila, kakolina diesel wahie, kakolina, kerosene; ma LNG; moku e lawe ana i Nine Inch - hoʻoheheʻe luaipele, nāʻakika, a me ka mea e like; Halihali ana i ke kinowai ai ukana - wai, ka waina, lepo pipili no hoi. Tankers i loa, he pono ole i loko o ke ao nei: oi aku kanaha pakeneka o ko ke ao nei ka poe kuai'auwaʻa tona. Kēia hookahi-kāhiko moku, superstructure a me ka engine lumi ke aupuni 'mahope.

E haawe pauku Ua puunaueia ma bulkheads i compartments, kapa poʻina nalu. Kekahi o ia lawelawe 'ana i ballast ka wai ma luna o ka hoʻi huakaʻi. Ma ka ihu EII ni lumi ua ke aupuni '. tankers Ua loa ke ahi p ÷ ino, no laila, i hoʻolako pono me ka mana i ke ahi ka hoomalu ana nenoai. E haawe nona iho o ka tausani tona ma na nā kālepa i ka eha haneri tausani tona ma supertankers - o ka honua i ka nui loa na moku. River tankers lawe ana nona iho ia no hoi i hana hewa, i kekahi i ka mea i umikumamalua tausani tona. He mea no hoi ka loa ikaika freighters. Photo luna - kai tanker, a ma ka lalo - o ka muliwai.

LNG

Mau moku transporting liquefied kinoea - methane, propane, butane, ammonia, e like me maoli kinoea, i waiwaiʻiʻo maka nō mea a me ka maikai loa wahie. Nui kinoea a liquefied a kapa paha pressurized. LNG papahana mea fundamentally okoa mai na tankers, no ka mea, i ke ana paukūʻolokaʻa poʻina nalu - papamoe a vertical, spherical paha huinahń loa. Hoʻokaʻawale ma LNG tankers pono e loa ike loea.

Ukana ana i lawe mai ka mea i ka kūikawā'ōnaehana, i nā EII ni, compressors, nāʻohe, a me ka waena pahu o. Ballast poʻina nalu i ka hana, e lawe ka mea, i manao ia, akā, no ka mea, ua lako pono ma na aoao a ma ka waʻa lalo. Kinoea ka halihali He mau pahū, no laila, he mea he ikaika hoʻokomo ea'ōnaehana a me ke kinoea liu pū waikaua. ahi kinai pū i hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻohana 'ana o carbon dioxide. Currently, i ke koi ana o ka hui papa o ka moku i ka moana a me ka muliwai kekahi kaʻao ka mea nui e pono - ke hoʻokoe 'nele mai holo. A ma laila hlopkolesovozy, OBO, a like me na moku.

RS-300

Mai ka makahiki 1967 a hiki i 1984, i ka lua i ka ekolu shipyards USSR puka seiners 388M papahana type "RS-300 ukana moku". Ua kūkuluʻehā haneri a me kanawalu-ʻeono mau seiners, a me ka poe i ka poe lawaia, lawaia, hoʻouku Ahahookolokolo. Eia hou, ma ke kumu o keia mau hana ua ikea kanakolu-ekolu moku noiʻi (e like me ka kaulana "ikaika"). e pili ana i ka hapalua kakini ua ipu no ka lōʻihi manawa hana no ka hana o ka 'epekema noiʻi.

I ka wā o ka Soviet Union oki e ola ana, i ka pono no ia i ka nalowale, kekahi mau moku i loko o kekahi mau lima, a me ka hapanui o ia i mālama aku i kāna, a ku ana immobilized. Noho i loko o ka lawaia retrained. Ma ka Hōʻole akula East ia mau moku ma ka liʻiliʻi dala i ka nui nā manawa mākou hana i loko o ka mokuna poʻe kiaʻi. Ka malu nona lawaia RS-300 Lani a me ka manawa.

kekahi Mea Maluna

Ma waho aʻeo i ka Mea Maluna ma ka manao hiki ke maheleia i waiwai na moku ma nā kai. 'O kēia ka rula o ka malama ana i ka wai, holo wahi, i ke' ano o ka engine, ka noi loina hooponopono genus kanaka hooeueu ana, ka lako a me ke kinona o ka hale noho. malama ana i ka loina hooponopono hiki e hydrodynamic - hydrofoils, airbag, planing a me ka hydrostatic - hovercraft, pohupani hale (catamarans).

ana rula i hookaawale ai i ka pā hale i loko o ka hoʻoponopono - he mana mea kanu, ape - he pusher maalea a me tugs, e like me hoowalaniaia iho au - pontoons, pae kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. E like me ka hoʻokele āpana hiki e kūlana manuwa moku, i hui (muliwai-kai) a no uka lilo mai wau hoʻokele (muliwai). Nā papahana no ka pōkole de ma uka o? Aiiioe?. Main engineʻano i hookaawale ukana moku ma moku (maloko'ā engine) a me ka kakolina diesel (Hawaii). Ma Moku nukelea mokuluu, a i pili turbohody. Aha i puʻunaue i ka ano o ka propeller ma luna o ka huila, hoʻohewa, vodomotnye, me propellers a me nā'ēheu. ʻAno kinoʻia paha e hiki ke hooheheeia, o Minvielle i, pōhaku puna, ka laau. Nō hoʻi, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo i e pakiko-propelled a ole (i ka moku).

ukana mokulele

Ukana mokulele hoʻohana 'ia e lawe aku ohua ole, a me keʻano o ka waiwai a me ka' ike loea. Ka mea, koke, a ua hiki wawe ka 'ike i unprofessional nānā. Eheu i kiʻekiʻe, ka mānoanoa o ka hauna o, ka fuselage mea pono conspicuous, kekahi "stockiness" (no laila, i ka waiwai i ua kokoke i ka honua no ka oluolu ukana a me ka unloading). A nui helu o nā huila ma ke kaʻa, he kiʻekiʻe ponytail.

Air ukana hoomaka hou i ka 1911 - me ka helu wahi. More kūikawā hana, o ka papa, ka mea i ole, ka mea e noho ana wale nō i loko o ka twenties. Ka mea mua a pau-ukana mokulele i ua hanaʻia i loko o Germany - Air 232. Before i wahie, kaʻi iki hakuloli "Junkers". i kukulu Airliners ma kūikawā papahana no ka ukana i kapaia freighters. Ka mea, i ole papahana no ka ohua.

Ka nui loa ukana nā moku halihali mokulele

Keia lele ano e oia - HE-225 ( "Dream")? Ac? I loko o ka Antonov Design Buro i ka makahiki 1984, i ka mua, i holo i wahi i ka 1988. Shestimotorny turbojet vysokoplan, dvuhkilevoe huelo, a kahili ae'ēheu i, e hana i kekahi mana-hana, e lawe aku i kauwahi o ka Launch kaa i ka Launch paena. Ke Soviet makahiki polokalamu "Buran" komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia mau mokulele i ka mea hiki ke hoala mai i elua haneri a me kanalima hou ma mua o tona.

Lockheed C-5 Wiliau Hōkū - American ukana airliner i hanauia ma ka makahiki 1968, o ka oihana koa freighter, hiki i ka poʻe halihali eono kapa kila nā limahana nā moku halihali mokulele, elua poʻina nalu, BMP-eha,ʻeono helicopters "Apache". Hughes H-4 Hercules - he ikaika loa lanakila 1947 inception, ka wingspan He kanaiwakumamawalu ko mika. Ano ka mea, o ka mokulele Mikanele, no ka mea, ua i loko o ka hoʻokahi kope. Boeing 747-8I - combi mokulele, nolaila ia i kuu i? Iecaianoaaiiie i ka 2008. He hoala eha haneri kanaha-mau tona ma takeoff, akā, 'ē aʻe ma mua o ukana ma luna o ka moku i aneane eono haneri ohua.