Zhozef Lui Lagranzh - mathematician, astronomer a me ka lunaʻenehana

He nui noiʻi manaʻo i Zhozef Lagranzh mea ole ka 'ōlelo Palani, a me ka Italian mathematician. A me ka mea paa keia manao mea,ʻaʻole me ka kumu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka wā e hiki mai nā kānakaʻimi noiʻi i hānau i loko o Turin i ka 1736. I ka bapetizo keiki la oia i ka inoa o Giuseppe Ludovico. Kona makua kāne e paa ana ia i ka kiʻekiʻe pili oihana ma ka hooponopono ana o ka mokuna o Sardinia, a no ia i ke aliʻi papa. Mother hele mai i kaʻohana o nā kauka.

I ka ohana o ka wā e hiki mai makemakika

No laila, i ka ohana mua, ma i kona wa i hanau Zhozef Lui Lagranzh, ua he waiwai. Akā, i ka makua kāne o kaʻohana ua clumsy, a hoi, paakiki loa pāʻoihana. A koke ka mea, e noho ana ma luna o ka verge o ka luku. I ka wā e hiki mai, Lagrange expresses he loa hoihoi 'manao e pili ana i keia ola ana a pau i loaʻa i kona ohana. He manaoio ia ina kona 'ohana hoʻomau i ke ola i ka waiwai a me ka oluolu ke ola, ka mea i hiki Lagrange ina aole ua i ka manawa e kuhikihi ana i ko lakou hopena me ka makemakika ia.

I ka puke, i huli ae ke ola

Ke keiki umikumamakahi o kona mau makua ua Zhozef Lui Lagranzh. Kona Kawaihae, a hiki i keia manao hiki ke kapaʻana: no ka mea, a pau kona nā pōkiʻi make i loko o kakahiaka kamaliʻi. Makua Lagrange Ua aia i ka mea i ke keiki i aoia ma ke kānāwai. Lagrange ia iho initially i ole, manao iho. I mua ia i aʻo i ke College o Turin, kahi ona e waiho ana loa hoihoi i loko o nā 'ōlelo a me ka makemakika ma ka wā e hiki mai no ka manawa mua ike lea i na hana o Euclid, a Archimedes.

Eia naʻe, ma laila hele mai ka fateful manawa ia Lagrange mua catches ka maka Galileo ka hana ke o "Ma ka mākau ano o ka pomaikai." Zhozef Lui Lagranzh incredibly hoihoi i loko o kēia puke - paha ia ia huli a pau o kona hopena. Kokoke koke, no ka mea, he'ōpiopio nä känaka 'epekema jurisprudence a me ka'ōlelo'ē e noho ana i loko o ka malu o ka makemakika.

E like me ia i kekahi mau kumu, makemakika Lagrange hana kū kaʻawale. E like me ia ia hai, oia hele papa Turin kula. Mua i loko o 19 makahiki (a e like me kekahi mau kumu - 17) Zhozef Lui Lagranzh hoʻoili ma ka ao ana o ka makemakika ma ke kulanui. Kēia i aie i ka mea i ka mea momona a nā haumāna o ka aina i ia manawa i ka wa pono e aʻo.

First hana: ma nā kapuwaʻi o Leibniz a me Bernoulli

No laila, mai kēia manawa ma luna o makemakika i ka nui battleground Lagrange. I ka 1754 i ike ai i ka lehulehu ākea o kona mahele mua. Nä känaka 'epekema' ia ka mea, i loko o ka palapala o ka palapala i ka Italia nä känaka 'epekema Dei- Toschi Fagnano. Akā, 'aneʻi Lagrangeʻo ia i ke kuhihewa. 'Aʻole me ka' epekema alihi kaua, a hoomakaukau i kā lākou mau meaʻai, a lailaʻo ia i haʻawina, kona noiʻi i mua, ua hana. Na hopena a ka mea i pau ai i ka Leibniz a me Johann Bernoulli. Zhozef Lui Lagranzh a hiki makau e hāʻiliʻili aku o ka plagiarism. Akā,ʻo kona makaʻu ua loa unfounded. A mamua o ka makemakika manao nui e piʻi like.

Familiarity me Euler

I nā makahiki 1755-1756, ua hoouna aku kekahi o kona mau manao, ike i ka opiopio nä känaka 'epekema mathematician Euler, i ka mea, nui koʻu mahalo. A i loko o ka-ka m 1759 Lagrange hoouna aku la ia ia i kekahi mea nui mahele. Ua Ua hoolilo i ka aoao o ka hoʻoponopono ma luna o a Euler aumeume ana no ka makahiki isoperimetric pilikia. An inā pilikia ka haumāna nä känaka 'epekema ua hauʻoli loa loaʻa o ka opiopio Lagrange. He hiki hōʻole e hoolaha aku i kekahi o kona Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ka mahinaʻai a hiki i ka manawa i Zhozef Lui Lagranzh i ole hoolaha aku kā lākou mau hana.

I ka 1759, i ke aloha a hiki i ke kōkua 'ana o ka Euler, Lagrange ua malama ia me he haole lālā o ka Pelelina Academy o Sciences. Here Euler hōʻike liʻiliʻi liana: ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia makemake ia Lagrange noho like kokoke i hiki ia ia, a no laila, ua hiki ke neʻe i Pelelina ke kaikamahine nä känaka 'epekema.

Hana a me ka luhi

Lagrange i komo ole wale ma ka noiʻi i loko o nā kula o ka makemakika, a me ka mechanics kilohōkū. He i hana mai i ka 'epekema kaiāulu, a ma hope lilo ka Royal Academy o Sciences o Turin. Akā, me ka uku no ka mea i Zhozef Lui Lagranzh nui i ka nui helu o theories i loko o ka kiko'ī wahi, a lilo iho la i ia manawa i ka nui mathematician a me astronomer o ko ke ao nei, hoomaka ae la i bouts o ke kaumaha.

Omaka paipai ia oe iho a eia i luhi. Kauka i ka 1761 mai la ka mea e ole ana i ka e kuleana no ka Lagrange ka ola, ināʻo ia i ole hikiwawe i ka ardor o kona noiʻi, a 'aʻole i stabilize i ka hana haʻalele' ana. Mathematician i ole hōʻike pakiko-makemake, a hoʻolohe i nā koi o kauka. Kona ola kino stabilized. Akā, i ke kaumaha i i waiho ai ia ia a hiki i ka pauʻana o ke ola.

Research ma Lewanuʻu

I ka 1762, i ka Paris Academy o ka hoihoi 'hoopapa i kūkala Sciences. E komo ai i loko o ka mea, ua pono, e haawi i ka hana ma ka mahina o ka noi. Here Lagrange hoike mai ai ia ia iho, e like me astronomer kanaka noiʻi. I ka 1763 ka mea, hoouna mai ai i ke Kuleana o kona hana ma luna o ka libration o ka Moon. A me ka 'atikala iho hōʻea ma ka Academy koke ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o Lagrange. I ka mea i loaʻa iā ia makemakika, e hele i London, a ma ia mea, ua seriously maʻi, a ua e noho ma Palika.

Akā, 'aneʻi Lagrange loaʻa i ka pomaikai nui: no ka mea, i loko o Paris ka mea, ua hiki no ka ike a me nā haumana nui - d'Alembert. Ma ke kapikala o Farani Lagrange ia i loaa i ka ia nā kumu kāki no kona noiʻi ma ka libration o ka Moon. A me kekahi makana i hookoia ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao - mau makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i kumu kāki no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka ukali mau o Dia.

kiʻekiʻe oihana

I ka 1766 Lagrange hoi i Pelelina, a kiʻi i kaumaha aku e lilo i pelekikena o ka Academy o Sciences a me ka poo o kona Oihana o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika. A hailonaʻana o nā kānakaʻepekema ma Pelelina, ua nui ikaika i loaa ma ka Lagrange i loko o ko lākou kaiāulu. He hoʻokele e hookupaa nui ae i ikaika nā pānaʻi aloha me ka mathematicians Lambert, Johann Bernoulli. Akā, ma keia ke kaiāulu kanaka, he mau detractors. Kekahi o ia ua Castillon, ka mea i kanakolu makahiki mua ma mua o Lagrange. Akā, ma hope o kekahi i ka wa o ko lakou pili hou. Lagrange mare i kona kaikuahine Castiglione inoa Vittoria. Eia naʻe, ko laua mare ana ua keiki ole a me kona olioli ole. Pinepine mai ka wahine a make i ka 1783.

Ledger nä känaka 'epekema

Ka lōʻihi o ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao paʻa i loko o Pelelina no ka oi ma mua o iwakalua makahiki. Ka loa hoʻomāhuahua ai hana ua noʻonoʻo "mākau Mechanics" Lagrange. Ua like ka mea i palapalaia ma ka manawa o ka waiwai nui. Aia mea wale nō kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema nui, i waena o ka hoʻoilina i makemake i ke kumu hana. "Mākau Mechanics" Ua like no "ka hoʻomaka" o Newton, e like me me ka "pendulum uaki" Huygens. Ua hoi ua kālaiʻia i ke kaulana "Ka Lagrange rula", he piha inoa o ka a - ". Ka rula o d'Alembert-Lagrange" Ka mea, no a hiki i ka poepoe o ka mau nā helu kaulike o nāʻano.

Neʻe maila iā Paris. ihona pali o ke ola

I ka 1787 neʻe Lagrange i Paris. Kona loa māʻona i ka hana i loko o Pelelina, akā, e loaʻa iā ia, e hana, no ka mea, i ke kūlana o nā haole ma hope o ka make ana o Frederick II i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i nā worsened. Ma Paris, i loko o ka hanohano o ke aliʻi hoolohe Lagrange i paʻa, a me ka mathematician i loaa he keʻena i loko o ka Louvre. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, ua hoʻomaka i ka bout nui o ke kaumaha. I ka 1792, he nä känaka 'epekema mare i ka lua o ka manawa, a me ka manawa o ka hui ana ua hauʻoli i ka kekahi.

I ka pau ana o kona ola ana nä känaka 'epekema produces he wahi lihi iki o ka hana. Ka hope hana, no ka mea, i Ua hoʻolala e lawe, ua i Hooponopono Hou ia i ka "mākau Mechanics". Akā, e hana i kēia, nä känaka 'epekema pilikia. April 10, 1813, make iho la Zhozef Lui Lagranzh. Quotes ia ia, oi loa kekahi o ka mea hope, e emi iho kona ola: "au i hana i ka liana a ... au, aole inaina aku i kekahi, a hana i ka hewa." I ka make ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema, e like ola, malie - Ua hele aku ia me ka pono o ka malama ana.