Aminoglycosides: ai '(papa inoa, Mea Maluna, noi kuhikuhi)

Ke ano ma ka pharmacological kuai o hou antibiotics me ka laulā huahelu o ka waiwai, e like me fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, ua alakai ai i ka mea i hoomaka kauka e koi 'ia aminoglycosides kākaʻikahi (ai'). A papa inoa o ka lapaʻauʻia komo i loko o kēia pūʻulu mea he nui, a mai nā 'ia pono-ikeia ai' like "Penicillin", "Gentamycin", "Amikacin." A hiki i kēia lā, i ka mālama nui malama, aʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau Oihana o ka loa hanohano ai 'e like me ka aminoglycoside moʻo.

Pōkole hōʻike o ka pae

Aminoglycosides - ai '(ka lapaʻauʻia papa inoa a kūkākūkā hou lalo),' ē aʻe ma mua o ke kalaka nui-kemikala ole maoli kumu. Kēia pūʻulu o antibiotics mai i kokololio a me ka ikaika bactericidal hopena ma luna o ke kino.

Laau auaneʻiʻoukou i ka laulā huahelu o ka hana. Lākou antimicrobial ha awina hai ku e mai Gram-io koʻohune, akā, ua me ka nui loa hoemi i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i gram-maikaʻi microorganisms. A me aminoglycosides loa ineffective ku e anaerobes.

Kēia pūʻulu o ai 'produces he maikaʻi bactericidal hookoia kona hiki e irreversibly inhibit kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala ma susceptible microorganisms ma ka ribosomeʻilikai. Laau lapaau e hana ma luna o nā ka? Aneii a me na keena ma ka quiescent moku'āina. I ka nui o ka antibiotic aayoaeuiinoe mea ihola ia e kaukaʻi ma luna o lākou lehulehu i loko o ke koko lāʻau lapaʻau o ka hoʻomanawanui.

aminoglycoside hoʻohana i kēia lā lawa mea i kaupalena '. O ke kumu ho i ka kaʻawahia kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau laau. Loa pinepine e ae mai ka hakuʻala ai 'a me nā loko lohe.

An pono o kēia mau mea paahana o ka hikiʻole o lākou anal i ola keena. Penei, aminoglycosides pono powerless i loko o ke kaua ana i ka intracellular koʻohune.

Pono a me ka keakea

Mau antibiotics e hoʻomano hoʻohana like me ka luna i oleloia, iʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau hana. A me ia mea i coincidence. Kauka ka hoʻonaʻauao i ka nui pono i uluhia e aminoglycosides.

Na ai 'ma ke kino, he okoa no laila, maikaʻi ka manawa ihola:

• kiʻekiʻe antibacterial ha awina;
• e kaawale aku ai ola naoh (no ka pahu kui hooponopono);
• pohihihi keia hanana o allergies;
• hana e luku koʻohune? aneii;
• hoʻokāʻoi pākōlea hopena ma ka hui pu ana, me ka Hoʻokolohua-lactam antibiotics;
• kiʻekiʻe ha awina i loko o ke kaua ana i ka pilikia nā mea palahēhē.

Eia naʻe, a me ka pono i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, keia pae ana o medicaments, a i keakea.

Mai loko mai nā aminoglycosides:

• haahaa ha awina o ai 'i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka o oxygen' ole i loko o kaʻakika meakino;
• ilihune anal o na kumu o ka waiwai i loko o ke kino loli (bile, spinal loli, sputum);
• helehelena o ka ai iiiaanoaa o kaʻaoʻao-loa.

Mea Maluna o nā lāʻau

Aia i kekahi mau Mea Maluna.

No ka laʻana, haawiia i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokomo 'ia' i loko o 'inikua hana maʻamau o ka aminoglycosides, i ka mea kēia hanauna.

1. Ka mua lāʻau hoʻohana i ka hakakā infectious illnesses he "Streptomycin", "monomitsin", "neomycin", "Kanamycin", "Paromomycin."
2. A hiki i ka lua o ka hanauna i polokalamu kele aminoglycosides (ai '). Uluwehi O List "Gentamicin," "Tobramycin", "sisomicin", "netilmicin".
3. Kēia pūʻulu nā kalaka nui-kemikala ai 'e like me "Amikacin", "Izepamitsin".

Ma ka pae o ka hana a me ka muli o ia'ku classify iki okoa aminoglycosides.

Hanauna laau lapaau i na kēia:

1. No 1 pae mai nā 'ia ai' "Streptomycin", "Kanamycin", "monomitsin", "neomycin". Mau ai 'e ka mea hiki ke kaua aku i ka TB germs, a me kekahi mau atypical koʻohune. Eia naʻe, e ku e kekahiʻano o ka gram-io koʻohune a me staphylococci, ka mea, ua powerless.

2. Mahele-hanauna aminoglycoside - kēia lāʻau "gentamicin." Ua ua hookoaiaʻe e ka nui antibacterial haʻawina.

3. hou lapaʻauʻia. Ka mea, i kiʻekiʻe antibacterial haʻawina. Hoʻohana 'ia e ku e ia klebisielly, enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa mea he kolu-hanauna aminoglycosides (ai'). Papa Inoa o ka ai 'Ua like penei:

- "sisomicin";

- "Amikacin";

- "Tobramycin";

- "netilmicin".

4. lāʻau "Izepamitsin" pili ia i ka ha o ka hui. Ua Ua kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka hiki, e oi ka pono e hana me ka tsitobakterom, aeromonasom, nokardiyami.

I ka 'inikua hana, nui kekahi Mea Maluna. Ua Ua nānā ana ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka ai' ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maʻi nā keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau, ano o ka maʻiʻaʻai, like hoʻi me ka noi o ka hana.

Oia ka Mea Maluna o aminoglycosides like penei:

1. Ai 'no ka systemic waiū lawelawe parenterally (ma ka pahu kui). No ka iapaau ana o suppurative mea koʻohune nā mea palahēhē 'ia i loko o loa hoʻonāukiuki aku ma opportunistic anaerobic microorganisms, i koi' ia ka lapaʻauʻia, "Gentamycin", "Amikacin", "Netilmicin", "Tobramycin", "sisomicin". Lapaʻau o hoʻopōʻino monoinfections, a i ka nānā 'ana obligate pathogens ka pono ka wā hoohui ma ka Inc "Streptomycin" hoomakaukau "Gentomitsin". I ka mycobacteriosis nui kōkua ai ' "Amikacin," "Streptomycin", "Kanamycin".
2. Ai 'i i hoʻohana wale i loko o ia no kekahi nāʻikepili. Mau mea: "Paromitsin", "neomycin", "monomitsin".
3. Laau no topical palapala noi. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia no ka iapaau ana o purulent mea koʻohune nā mea palahēhē ma otorhinolaryngology a me ka ophthalmology. No ka mea, i nā waiū i ke kino ai ' "Gentamicin," "framycetin", "neomycin", "Tobramycin".

nāʻikepili no ka

Ka hoʻohanaʻana i aminoglycosides ua pono, e luku mai i kekahiʻano o aerobic gram-io pathogens. Medicaments hiki ke hoʻohana i monotherapy. Pinepine ka mea, e hui me ka Hoʻokolohua-lactams.

Aminoglycosides ua hōʻike no ka iapaau ana o:

• nosocomial nā mea palahēhē o kekahi mau IIeEeAIEUAA;
• purulent postoperative complications;
• ke kūʻai '-abdominal nā mea palahēhē;
• sepsis;
• infective endocarditis ;
• pyelonephritis 'ia i loko o loa' ano apau loa;
• iho mailoko o'ā;
• mea koʻohune purulent meningitis;
• tuberculosis;
• pilikia loa infectious maʻi (ahulau, brucellosis, tularemia);
• septic arthritis hoonaukiuki ma ka gram-io koʻohune;
• urinary'āpana nā mea palahēhē;
• ophthalmic maʻi: blepharitis, mea koʻohune keratitis, konyunktivitv, keratokonyunktivitv, uveitis, dacryocystitis;
• ENT maʻi: otitis externa, rhinopharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis;
• protozoal nā mea palahēhē.

ʻaoʻao waiwai

Eia naʻe, i ka iapaau ana o keia waeʻano o k ka hoʻomanawanui ke haha aku i ka pau moʻo o adverse loa. I ka papa kuhikuhiE drawback o ka lapaʻauʻia - ia mea mahaloʻawahia. Ia mea ke kumu wale nō ke kauka e koi 'ia i ka hoʻomanawanui aminoglycosides.

ʻaoʻao waiwai i ana:

1. Ototoxicity. E hoomanawanui i ohumu o ka lohe poho, he ringing leo. Pinepine ka mea, hoike iaʻi o ka pepeiao. Ka hapa nui o kēia mau reactions ana i loko o ka poʻeʻelemākule, ka poʻe initially loaa mai ka lohe hoʻopilikia. Oia reactions ana i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka lōʻihi-makahiki Inc a kiʻekiʻe nā māhele.
2. Nephrotoxicity. Ke hoomanawanui i Konakele. Makewai, loli aʻe i ka nui o ka mimi (e hiki nā mahuahua a me ka emi ana), mahuahua creatinine pae i loko o ke koko, hoemiia glomerular kānana. Oia symptoms typical o kanaka e loaa ana, mai kāna hana o ka hakuʻala kuleana pili i.
3. Neuromuscular blockade. I kekahi manawa, i Inc inhibited ka hanu. I kekahi manawa, he mea lōlō o ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo. Nō kāu, ua reactions i ano i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka neurological maʻi a hihia hoʻi hakuʻala kuleana pili i.
4. Vestibular kāna hana. Ka mea, hoike mai ai ia 'aʻe' ana o ōhumu, pōniuniu. Loa pinepine, kēiaʻaoʻao 'ole i hoʻomaka ai ka wā "Streptomycin" kauoha o ka lāʻau a hiki i ka hoʻomanawanui.
5. Neurological kāna hana. E ikeia paresthesia, encephalopathy. I kekahi manawa, Inc ua pu ma ka lesion o ka optic nā aʻalolo.

Aminoglycosides kākaʻikahi i allergic reactions e like me ili wikiwiki.

Contraindications

Ho'ākāka 'ia ma lapaʻauʻia i kekahi hoʻokau' no ka hoʻohana. Loa pinepine contraindicated aminoglycosides (ka inoa o i i haawiia mai ma luna) i loko o ia mau pathologies paha ana:

• kanaka hypersensitivity;
• 'aʻe' ana iʻaʻa puʻuwai excretory ho'āʻo;
• lohe kāna hana;
• ulu ai ke neutropenic loa reactions;
• vestibular kāna hana;
• myasthenia gravis, botulism, Parkinsonism;
• naehana hanu kaumaha, nanea ana.

Eia hou, oe e ole hana ia no ka lapaau ina ke hoʻomanawanui i ka mōʻaukala o ka io naoh i kekahi lāʻau, mai keia pae.

E noonoo oe i ka loa Popular aminoglycosides.

"Amikacin"

Ka lāʻau 'Ua wehewehe aku ma ka haʻi bacteriostatic, bactericidal a me Anati-ona ma luna o ke kanaka kino. He hōʻike kiʻekiʻe hana ku e na mea he nui Gram-maikaʻi a me Gram-io koʻohune. A e hoike ana i ka lāʻau "Amikacin" manual. Injections i mana ma ka iapaau ana o ka staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ke lapaau mea,ʻaʻole hiki iā e ke kemu ma ka gastrointestinal'āpana. No ia mea, wale lawelawe intravenously paha intramuscularly. I ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu o kaʻeleu waiwai ua ike ia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope 1 HR. Noke pākōlea ia mau no 10-12 hola. Aie i keia waiwai o ka injections ua mālamaʻia palua i ka lā.

A hiki aku ia ia kekahi o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lāʻau "Amikacin" kauoha no ka hoʻohana? Injections e hōʻike ai i ke koho ana o na kēia mau maʻi puʻuwai.

• pneumonia, bronchitis, akemāmā abscess;
• infectious maʻi o ka peritoneum (peritonitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis);
• urinary'āpana maʻi (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis);
• ili maʻi (ulcerative lesions,'ā, puʻe ulcers, mailoko o eha) ;
• osteomyelitis;
• meningitis, sepsis;
• TB maʻiʻaʻai.

Pinepine, ua hoʻohana 'ia kēia koʻi i loko o ka complications hoʻonāukiuki aku eʻoki kino.

Ae i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ai' i loko o pediatric hana. Keia mea ua hookupaa iho la ia i ka lāʻau "Amikacin" manual. No na keiki, mai ka lā mua o ke olaʻana, i kēia k hiki ke lawelawe.

Dosages i paa wale n? E ke kauka ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hoʻomanawanui i ka makahiki a me ke kaumaha o kona kino.

Instruction haawi ke kēia mau koi:

1. 1 kg o ka hoʻomanawanui ke kaupaonaʻana (nā makua a me ke keiki) e haule ma 5 mg o ka lāʻau. Ma keia ano i ma ka puana ka pahu kui 8 hola.
2. Inā no 1 kg kino ke kaupaonaʻana, 7,5 mg o medicament i lawe, i ka wā mawaena waena o injections ua 12 hola.
3. pehea ia kekahi neonatal lāʻau "Amikacin" manual E nānā i. No na keiki, Puhi hanau, he pōpilikia ka laʻau heluna like penei: 1 kg - 7,5 mg. Ma keia hihia i ka wā mawaena ma waena o injections - 18 hola.
4. Duration o Inc i e 7 lā (i / hoʻokomo o) 'ole lā 7-10 (me ka / ko injections).

"Netilmicin"

Ke lapaau i loko o kona antimicrobial hookoia like i "amikacin". Pela i nā hihia ma "Netilmicin" nae kiʻekiʻe hopenaʻoi loa aku i kēlā mau anakahi iki-meaola ma i ka luna lapaau i mea ole.

Ka lāʻau i kaʻiʻo i loko o ka lanakila e like me nā aminoglycosides. Like hōʻike i ka lāʻau "Netilmicin" aʻo no ka hoʻohana ', o ka lāʻau i ka lalo nephrotoxicity a me ka ototoksichnostyu. Ke medicament Ua manaoia wale nō ke no parenteral ana.

"Netilmicin" kauoha no ka hoʻohana i hooluoluia mai ai e koho.

• me ka septicemia, bacteremia,
• no ka iapaau ana o kaʻaʻa lākou maʻiʻaʻai hoʻonāukiuki e Gram-io microbes;
• nā mea palahēhē o ka naehana'ōnaehana, ka urogenital'āpana,ʻili, ligaments, osteomyelitis;
• Neonatal staphylococcal ma ka hihia o ka mea nā mea palahēhē (sepsis ole pneumonia);
• i ka eha, a me ka preoperative intraperitoneal nā mea palahēhē;
• ma ka hihia o ka pilikia o postoperative complications maʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau nā mea maʻi;
• infectious maʻi o gastrointestinal'āpana.

Ke paipai laʻau heluna Ua nānā 'wale ma kekahi kauka. Ua hiki e mai ka 4 a hiki i 7,5 mg. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka laʻau heluna, ke ahonui, a me kona mau a me kona mau makahiki i ka lā ua paipai 1-2 ka pahu kui.

"Penicillin"

Kēia ka lapaʻauʻia o kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ka pae ana o antibiotics. He ka ha awina e kū'ē i keʻano o nā microorganisms.

Ikepili koʻikoʻi i "Penicillin":

• streptococci;
• gonococci;
• meningococcus;
• pneumococci;
• diphtheria, anthrax, tetanus, kinoea gangrene;
• kekahi ke kanana nei o staphylococcus, Proteus.

Kauka i kaulana i ka loa ka hoʻokō hopena ma luna o ke kino ma ka intramuscular hoʻokomo o. Ma ia injections loko o 30-60 minuke i kā mākou nānāʻana aku i ke koko lāʻau lehulehu "Penicillin".

Aminoglycosides penicillin hoonohoia ma ka kēia hihia.

1. High koiʻikepili lapaʻauʻia i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka sepsis. Ka mea, e haawiia'ku no ka iapaau ana o gonococcal, meningococcal, pneumococcal nā mea palahēhē.
2. Ka lāʻau "penicillin" Ua häʻawi mai ai iä nā mea maʻi undergoingʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻina hana ma ka mea e ole complications.
3. Hana 'Ōlelo kōkua kaua purulent meningitis, lolo abscess, gonorrhea, sycosis, syphilis. Ua ua pono no ka loa'ā a me ka palapū.
4. Inc "Penicillin" lāʻau i hoakaka ia i nā mea maʻi e loaa ana mai ka li nui o ka pepeiao, maka.
5. Pili lapaau no ka lapaau ana i mea nui a me ka lobar pneumonia, cholangitis, cholecystitis, septic endocarditis.
6. Poe pilikia mai ka rumatika, ka laau lapaau hoakaka no ka lapaau a me ka Kāohiʻana.
7. Ka laau lapaau Ua hoʻohana i nā pēpē i a me na kamalii uuku, ka mea i diagnosed he umbilical sepsis, a septic pyosepticemiaʻawahia maʻi.
8. Ke k ‰ ia i komo i loko o ka lapaau ana o na kēia mau maʻi puʻuwai: otitis, heʻulaʻula kuni, diphtheria, purulent pleuritis.

Ma intramuscular hoʻoponopono o ka medicamentʻeleu 'Oponopono ua hoʻomaka koke paka i loko o ke koko. Akā, ma hope o 3-4 hola o ka lāʻau i loko o ke kino, ua hou i ka malamaia. I mea no ke aha, e hoʻopaʻa i ka pono lehulehu, ka mea, ua waiho ia 'oe i ka injections kela 3-4 hola.

Uluwehi O "Gentamicin"

Ua ua hua mai i loko o ka palapala o ka mea poni, pāʻoihana no ka pahu kui, a me nā papa. Ka lāʻau i ka bactericidal waiwai. Ua 'oi aku ka kŘpuna ia ma na mea he nui gram-io koʻohune, Proteus, Campylobacter, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Klebsiella.

E hoomakaukau ai "Gentamycin" (papa ole pāʻoihana) komo i ke kino pepehi ka infectious konohiki ma ke kelepona heleʻilikai. Like kekahi aminoglycoside, ka mea, ua hoakaka no ka 'aʻe' ana o kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala pathogens. E like me ka hopena o ia mau koʻohune nele i ka hiki i ka hou paʻi, a i ole e haawi ma ke kino.

Antibiotics no infectious illnesses ka hoohuoi ana kela nenoai a me nā loko:

• meningitis;
• peritonitis;
• prostatitis;
• gonorrhea;
• osteomyelitis;
• cystitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• endometritis;
• empyema;
• bronchitis, pneumonia;

Uluwehi O "Gentamicin" lawa koi ma ka laau lapaau. Ua apono 'nā mea maʻi e hoola mai ka nui nā mea palahēhē o ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka urinary apana. Keia mea paahana ua paipaiʻia i loko o infectious keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e uhi ana i ka peritoneum, iwi, pahee'aʻaʻa paha ili.

Aminoglycosides mea i manaoia no ka hoʻoponopono-Inc. Mai hoʻopoina, koho i ka makemake antibiotic hiki wale palapala hōʻoia no kauka. No laila, hana i ka hoʻoponopono-lapaʻau. Mai i pono ai kou ola 'oihana!