Anthropologists - ia ... Science Anthropology. pepeiaohao nui anthropologists

Anthropology - pīhoihoi 'epekema mea e leie aku i ke kanaka, e nānā i kā lākou mau hala a me ka makana kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka evolution, e like me aʻo e pili ana i ka moolelo o kekahi mau kanaka a me ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu. A no ke aha la e alakai poe akamai i hiki pinepine ole e loa ua kaulana, akā, ia mea nui loa no hoi o ka noonoo. Mākou i lawe i ka nana aku ma kekahi o ia mau mea.

Carlos Castaneda

Paha ka loa kaulana 'Amelika anthropologist. Carlos Castaneda -ʻaʻole pono i nä känaka 'epekema, akā, i ka loea kākau moʻolelo nana i hana i ka chronicle o na aʻo o ka Mauna Hekikai no. Kona hana hiki ole e wahi ana i kekahi mau 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke - he palapala hoʻololi kemikala o ka moʻokalaleo,ʻike manaʻo, ethnography a me ka mysticism. Kekahi o ko Castaneda ka ho'ākāka 'ana ua hoʻohana' ia kēia manawa,ʻaʻole wale anthropologists - mea, no ka mea hoike, i ka manaʻo o "wahi o ka mana" a me "ahakanaka wahi". Carlos iho i hooeueuia lakou e na palapala a Aldous Huxley, e like me nā kiʻi o kūloko healers ma Lima, kahi no ka manawa o kona ohana i noho ai. Eia hou kekahi, i loko o kona kaiapili, ua kekahi olelo kūkākūkā o ka manaʻo e loaʻa mea he manawa kūpono o ka iaaiey uhane. I ka 1959, Castaneda puka 'o ia mai ke kulanui me ka palapala puka psychologist, a ma ka makahiki 1960 komo i ke Kulanui me ka mele i loko o anthropology, kahi oi nui iho la ia komo i loko o kona hana hoihoi' o kēia lāhui kanaka këia. Aʻu i hele i Mexico, a me Arizona. I ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o ka 'epekema hana o Castaneda o ka hoʻohana' ana o hallucinogenic mea kanu no shamanic rituals Indians.

Ezhen Dyubua

Anthropologists he pinepine hoʻomalu ma ka laau lapaau. Pela, ke Dutchman Ezhen Dyubua, ka mea i lilo i ka paionia o Pithecanthropus, ua he koa kauka. Ua i ka mea nana i loaʻa i ka puniu wale hakina o ka lehalehu t iwi, a me nā femurs? Ueony, a e a laila e? Anoee me kekahi o na kupuna o ke kanaka. Kona manaopaa Pithecanthropus hele ma ka mokupuni o Iawa a me Trinil, lawe mai ka puana hanaʻeliʻana me ka like hualoaʻa, a ma Leiden, kahi archaeologists i kekahi kauoha aku e huli kino iwi. Interestingly, ke anamanaʻo i ole lawe Dubois a puni ona anthropologists. Ka mea, uaʻoi aku ko lākou hana a me ka controversial olelo hooholo. Paleoanthropology mea wale nō i loko o kona wā kamaliʻi, a me ke kumu o ka ke kanaka i ua insufficiently? Anoee. Kekahi hana nui, e hoike - Dubois hōʻike i ka puniu wale no o Farani hoʻomalu, akā, ma hope o kaʻaina ahiahi, ua poina i kona eke me ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma o ka Hawaii. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hoʻi mai - ole nui ka artifact paha e nalowale.

Rudolf Virchow

Anthropology - ka 'epekema o kanaka kêia kanaka, a ua ma muli o ka hanaʻeliʻana a me Ka Ikepili o ka loaʻa māhele o ke kino iwi a me nā iwi. Kēlā me kēia manao mea, ma ka mea, o ke kohu wale, no laila, na nā hualoaʻa hiki e unpredictable. Penei, Rudolf Virchow famously hoole i ka manawa kūpono o ka ola o Pithecanthropus a me Neanderthal, discrediting i nā hualoaʻa ma ka loaa'ē aʻe noiʻi. Kēia me ka nui loa i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema, albeit i loko o ka io pono. Pepeiaohao nui anthropologists ua mau hoʻolohe ai i na manao o nā hoapili, a me ka olelo o Virchow hiki ole hele unnoticed. Heʻana i nā iwi o Neanderthal - koe rickety, a me ka mentally retarded kanaka. Loaa e pili pū ana iā Pithecanthropus, oia loaʻa i ka iwi o ka gibbon. Ma mau, ka mea, ua manaoio aku i ka wāwahie kanaka mea loa e hiki, akā, e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mea ma luna o ka mea i loaʻa iwi hiki ole e ku pono ana i ka makahiki, a pathological loli. He haʻalele i kona hoailona Virchow a me archeology. Loaʻa de Ka Sautuola ana me ka Paleolithic pena kapa aku la ia i ka deliberate hoʻopunipuni, i ka meheu o ke ao ana o ke kia kahiko o ke akamai i loko o Spain no na makahiki.

Gustav Koenigswald

He mea kupaianaha e aʻo e pili ana pehea iki mea hiki i kekahi manawa, e lawa i ka hana ia ia e ka nui loaʻa anthropologists. Kēia hiki ia i kekahi apana nahaha o ka iwi a me ka niho wale. Ua lilo i ke kumu o ka hope ? Iie hana o ka German nä känaka 'epekema Gustav Koenigswald. Ma na niho, mai Pākē chemists pōʻeleʻele loa, a hulikoehana loaa ma Iawa, oia hōʻike Meganthropus a me Pithecanthropus. Kona noiʻi, oia ua Mamua o ka study Ezhena Dyubua. ka mea, ua hiki ke hookupaa aku i ke ola ana o ka hou i loko o nā niho o nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau hale kūʻai ma Hong Kong 'ano o Peking Man, i ike ole i kaʻepekema ma mua. I waena o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka Ngandong hominids, uaʻeleu ma Iawa a me South China. Ma waho aʻeo ka poʻe nāna i aʻo i ka wāwahie orang-utan.

Leakey ohana

I kekahi manawa, kanaka anthropology hāpai ole he hookahi nä känaka 'epekema, akā, i ka pauʻana o ka hoʻomalu. I lalo ke alo poe hoahanau, a me ka wahine o kekahi o ia mau mea, i nā keiki a me nā moopuna - i ka ohana o ka anthropologists ka poe i aʻo i ka Kenyan fossils, koe o nā keko, a hominids ma East Africa. Louis a me Maria hana ma Olduvai Gorge, a me Richard aʻo i ka Lake Turkana. Ma no o ka ohana Leakey ano o na? Ueo i kanaka kūpuna, a me ka wāwahie primates ka. Ke kumu nui i hoʻoholo 'ia i ka loaʻa o Australopithecus ma HikinaʻApelika, like hoʻi me ka loaʻa o "ka hiki ia kanaka." Ka mea, ua lilo i ka loulou ma waena o archanthropines a me Paranthropus boisei, ka hoʻokuʻi i ka evolutionary kaulahao.

Mikhail Gerasimov

Anthropologist, sculptor a me ka archaeologist mai Rusia i ka nui na makana no ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema. Kona hana ana o ka hoihoi hou ana i kekahi kanaka i ka helehelena, ua koe i lohe nui i hoʻohana i kēia lā. Kela manawa, he umikumamakolu makahiki Michael hana ma ka anatomical Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a me 18 i kākau i ka 'epekema' atikala e pili ana i ka Palaeolithic hanaʻeliʻana. Over na makahiki, Gerasimov ua hana elua haneri oi ma mua o mōʻaukala aeiino? Oeoey kiʻi. O ka holo ana, anthropology - ka 'epekema o ke kumu o ke kanaka i loko o mau, akā, i kekahi kanaka a me kā lākou mau hiʻona hāʻule i loko o ka laulā o kona pono. No laila,? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka helehelena Ivana Groznogo, Yaroslava Mudrogo a me Fridriha Shillera mea ai waiwai. Eia hou, i keʻano hana e leie aku oe, e ho okumu ana i nā kiʻi o kahiko kanaka - Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal. Noho ka hoʻomaka 'komo ai i ka ohi ana o factual mea. Gerasimov ua, ua maopopo i ka pololei pilina o ka iwi 'ole a me ka pahee'aʻaʻa ma luna o ke kumu o ka i hana? Aeiino?. He hana hoihoi 'i koke nā hoapili hoʻoholo ihola e ho'āʻo Gerasimov, a haawi mai ia ia i ka puniu wale no, me ka hoike ole aku i ka mea ia a pau. He hoʻokele e kau aku i ka helehelena Papuan, a ua aneane'ālike i ka Hawaii photo - ka puniu wale i laweia mai iloko o ka huakaʻi Maclay.

Sergey Gorbenko

E like me ka olelo ma luna, pinepine anthropologists - mau kauka, a kapa aku la i ka Lūkini hoʻomalu - mea i koe. Gorbenko aʻo i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka Institute Maclay, i ao aku i ke ano o ka? Aeiino? Gerasimov. Kokua aku la oia i kona PhD ia hoʻi ma luna o ka? Aeiino? Oeoey o ke kinona o Yaroslav Osmomysl. Ke kumu nui e piʻi like i ka hana o nā kiʻi lehulehu o Palani medieval naita o King Louis XI, a me nā pono-ike meʻe o ka moolelo o ia wā. I ka manawa, ma kāna mau hoʻoili i loko o anthropological noiʻi iwi mai Cleary San Andre.