Artists lākou i poʻeʻaeʻa a me kā lākouʻike hoʻokumu. Lūkini Artists itinerant 19th kenekulia

Ka hoʻoilina haʻalele hope ma itinerant Artists, he io a me ka nui multifaceted. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e eh ÷ ike ai i loko o kona mau pena o ano o kanaka, kā lākouʻaoʻao o ke ola,ʻano, manaʻo a me ka 'ehaʻeha o ka moku'āina. Ma na canvases o Artists aea hiki iʻike, e hoohuli mai Lūkini mōʻaukala, e kû ana i ka indomitable ikaika o ka uhane o ka mea na kanaka. Mawaena o na masterpieces o kēia wā e hoʻi i kiʻi o kaulana kanaka, a me ka hanohano.

Mōʻaukala o ka hui

Artists aea i ka mua Lūkini Ouji. Ka mea, Akä naÿe no nä lākouʻike hoʻokumu ikaika nā canons, mamao aku, mai i keia la ka ike maopopo a me nā koi o Contemporary ola. Ka Hui o ka holo nā hōʻike i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i loko o St. Petersburg. Mea moʻolelo o kēia kaiāulu. I ka 1863, heʻumikumamāhā o ka maikaʻi haumāna puka o ka Halau o Arts koi mai ke alakaʻi o ka hoʻonā 'ana i ka kīvila o ka theme like o ka Competition kumu. A ua hoole, i nā haumāna opiopio i ole kānalua, e hele mai, mai ka hoʻonaʻauao kula e hoonohonoho noa ē aʻe. I ka 1870, ma ka Initiative o V. Perov ka mea, hui pū me ka Moscow Artists i hana Hui o ka holo nā hōʻike. Ua wehe mua ke exposition mua i ka 1871. Ma kana mau hana, na Ouji opiopio imi iho la e kolo `i ke ola oiaio ua mau e loaa ana a me ka hooluhi hewa ia mai peasantry, i mea ma lalo o ka mana o ka poe waiwai a me ka landowners. E hoike mai i o ke kahua itinerant Artists ua i ka pomaikai nui, a ma ka loa like nāʻoihana o ka heluna kanaka.

Over ka wa e ola ana o ka hui i paʻa kanahākumamāwalu:ʻo lākou nā hōʻike ma Moscow, St. Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, Chisinau, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev a me na kulanakauhale e ae. "Folk exhibition" hoomaka iho la no hoi e noho i loko o ka poe liilii, kulanakauhale, kauhale a me nā kauhale. hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka na kanaka - o kekahi o nā manaʻo hahai aku ma Artists aea. List no i komo o ke kaiāulu ka loaʻa o ka mea maikai loa sculptors, a pena o ka umikumamaiwa a me ka iwakalua kenekulia. Iwaena o lakou nemaloizvestny GG Myasoedov, Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Sawicki, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, Shishkin, Repin, Vasnetsov, Levitan, S. Ivanov, . Arkhipov a me nā hale hoʻokamakama personalities.

makakū hana

November 29, 1871 ma St. Petersburg wehe i ka mua holo exhibition. Ma waiū ka mea, hooku iho la ia hana umikumamaono pena. kanaha-ehiku i pena i hōʻike i ka hoolohe. Hope, ma Moscow, ka helu o ka hōʻike i pena i 82. ka Ia exhibition neʻe i hope i Kiev a me Kharkov. Oia i pena ma Lūkini Artists o na aea, e like me ka "May Night" (I. Kramskoy), "aiia ma koena", "Makuahine o ke kālepa I. S. Kamynina," "lawaiʻa", "Makuahine o ka A. N. Ostrovskogo" (VG , Perov), "ka Rooks ua hiki" (A. Savrasov), "ka ipu" (I. Pryanishnikova) komo i ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini pena. Ma kana mau hana, he mau Ouji hilinai ole wale ma luna o ka hana o Lūkini pena, akā, i na e piʻi like o ka panina, a Contemporary nō honua. He nui ka poeikohoia o ka poʻe i loko o makahikiʻokoʻa i loko o ke ala o ka Halau o Arts kipa na aina e, i aponoia i ka hana o ko lākou nā hoapili, aʻo i ke akamai o keʻano o ka'āina a me nā styles. Lākou mau loina a me nā manaʻo o ia hoʻokō i nā hana a pau. ʻike hoʻokumu Peredvizhnik pili kēia hoʻoholo i ka neʻeʻana o ke ao nei no o ka umikumamaiwa a me ka iwakalua kenekulia.

Alexei Savrasov

Hawaii pena. Ka mea, o kekahi o na Mamua o ka Hui o ka poe aea. I ka makahiki 1844, i ka uʻi, artist aku i kona makuakane i ka makemake komo i ke Kula o ka pena, a ana manao i ka 1850. Ka mua Landskap Alekseya Kondratevicha - "View o ka Kremlin ma inclement ino", "View o Moscow mai manu liilii Hills" - imbued me ka manaʻo o ka romanticism. Savrasov 'Imi' oe e komo i loko o nā hōʻike, a ua aʻo mau aku ai i ke kula o ke kiʻi kaula a me ka pena. I ka 1862, ua hele ma kahi e, i kona wahi i hele ka oe exhibition London, Paris, Munich, Dresden, Pelelina, Copenhagen a me kekahi poe e ae, pakahi aku la o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka artist Kelemānia a me Pelekānia pena o kona makemake no ka kuokoa a me ka oiaio. I loko o kēia wā, Alexei Kondratyevich kakau iho la i kekahi o kona kaulana i pena - "Elk Island", no ka i ka mea, i hope i hookoia i ka makana ma ka Competition ma Moscow. Mai ka makahiki 1870ʻo ia a me kāna wahine hele i Rusia (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). Kona nā manaʻo o ka nani o ka makuahine 'ano i loko o nā kiʻi ia? Aaeaao. No laila, he mea he "kahe aku ka waina Volga" a me "ka Rooks Ua ianei". I Ua hooku iho la ia mau mea i pena i ka exhibition mua, i i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma Lūkini Artists aea. Ma na hana i kākau i loko o ka 870 ka, aia no he lālā ka iini a me ke kaumaha: "Sunset ma luna o ka Marsh", "Moonlight", "hale kupapau o ka Volga", "rai". Kona hope makahiki ka artist lilo ma ka hohonu pilikia.

Ivan Shishkin

Names Peredvizhnik ikeia loa aku ia i ka palena o ka motherland. A luku ana mamuli o keia - Shishkin. Me kona inoa ua pili i ka mōʻaukala o ka wahi lulu panorama, ua lilo kona mau puke i haku ai aupuni Classics, a loaa nui hiʻona. Wā e hiki mai artist Ua hānauʻia i loko o ke kaona liʻiliʻi i loko o Elabuga kalepa ohana i ka makahiki 1832. I ka makahiki 1848, ua komo i ka Kazan gymnasium, akā, i hoopau ia. Back hale, he lōʻihi manawa mea ma ka huli ana i kona wā e hiki mai ala. I ka iwakālua o ka makahiki opiopio Shishkin komo i ke Kula o ka pena, kahi o kona poo bapetizo i loko o kā lākou mau haʻawina a me ka hana. Ke artist mea mau ua kokoke mai. Kona lana ma ke ano maoli, a me ka nahele kua'āina Landskap, kua'āina ola. Mua, e hele mai ia i ko kakou manawa, i ka hana o Shishkin - ka "Pine ma luna o ka pohaku." Ka aila pena Ua pena i ka MH 1855. I ka 1856, Ivan iloko o ka Halau o Nice Arts (St. Petersburg). i imbued kana mau hana i kakahiaka nui me ka Awaits. I ka makahiki 1858, ua palapala mai kekahi o kona loa kaulana pena, "View o ka mokupuni o Valaam." No keia hana, i ka 1860 i hookoiaʻo ia i ke gula mekala ma ka kālaiʻike exhibition. Ma hope o ka puka (1860) Shishkin hoouna wale aku no. I loko o kēia wā, ua hana i ka masterpiece nemaloizvestny "View kokoke Düsseldorf", hooku iho la ia ma ka exhibition ma Palika. Ma ka hoi ka hale Ivan hoʻokokoke mai ka I.Kramskoy - i hoʻokumu o ka "Artel o Artists." Ma ke kēia mau makahiki, i palapala mai i ka helu o Landskap ( "I ka wahi o Moscow", "Ke Wood-poholo", "ka moku kaua Grove", "Forest Stream"). Kana mau hana i kona mauʻaʻahuʻana i nā hōʻike i hoopii Lūkini Artists aea. A hiki i kēia lā, i nā masterpieces nui o ka panorama, ua loa mahalo.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy

Lūkini Artists itinerant 19th kenekulia i hana i ka nui kiʻi Gallery. Ma kana mau hana, ka mea i kākauʻia i ka maikaʻi loa kanaka ma ka aina, koʻikoʻi na kii o ka 'epekema a me ka moʻomeheu. He nui masterpieces i kākauʻia e ke kauoha o ke kaulana nō haipule a me ka ÿauhau P. Tretyakov. Oiaio, he oiaio,''he portraitist ua Kramskoy. Ikaika o ke talena mai o keia,''he artist a me ka psychologistʻikeʻia i loko o ke kiʻi Lva Tolstogo. Kēia masterpiece Ua kākau 'ia ma 1873 ma Yasnaya Polyana. Ma ke alo o ka artist lawe i ka ike a me ka naauao manaʻo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ke kiʻi o ka mea kaulana Lūkini kākau moʻolelo ua ma muli o ka Akä naÿe-Aʻo (kūloko ma, a mawaho manaʻo nui o ka naau kupono). Kekahi hana nui o ke kiʻi o Archeology "Inconsolable ke kaumaha," hoolilo aku i ka hohonu o maternal manaʻo. I 1860-1870 makahiki ka mea, ua 'Imi hoʻomau ana ma ka hoʻolālā o nā hōʻike, a i lawe mai Artists aea. Hana Kramskogo "Kristo Desert" Ua hooku iho la ia ia ma ka lua o ka waiū. I ka hoʻoilina o ka artist, ka hapanui i kiʻi o ano o kanaka, "Polesovschik", "i ike ole", "mahiai me ka kaulawaha," a pela aku ...

Ilya Efimovich Repin

Paha ka loa nui kekahi hanana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini pena i ka pena "na moku Haulers". I kana hana, i ka artist hoike vividly i ke kiʻi o ka na kanaka. Mua Repin a hiki i keia nui iho la ia lono kaumaha a kupanaha moʻoleloʻaʻole i hōʻike 'ia. Ma keia masterpiece, ka artist hoike mai i kona loea launa 'ole o nā mea a pau o ka oe i ka oo. Kekahiʻiʻo hanaia'na Repin - "ke kahunapule, huakaʻi ma Kursk mokuna". I kākau 'ia ma 1883, i ka pena o Laielohelohe hana Waimanalo, a compositional pāʻoihana. Haipule huakaʻi depicted i loko o ke kiʻi ho i ka like kiʻi o ke kauhale a me nā mea a pau kona pūʻulu a me ka papa. Me ke aloha nui, a me ke aloha i ka mea kākau e hoʻokele e huki i nā kiʻi o ka maʻamau kauwa. A kūikawā wahi i loko o nā hana o ke pena i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni theme like. Ua hana mai ke pena "Malalo o ukali", "Unexpected", "hoole o Confession." I ka 1880, Ilya Yefimovich pili i ke kiʻi 'ano moʻokalaleo, kolo `koʻikoʻi Contemporary na kii e like me D. Mendeleyev, A. Delvig, Glinka a me na mea e ae.

Vasiliy Maksimovich Maksimov

Kona mua noʻeau nā mākau ka mea, ua loaa ia ma ka ikona-pena nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao. Vasili Maksimovich pau ka St. Petersburg Halau o Nice Arts i loko o ka papa o ka mōʻaukala pena. I kana mau hana o ka artist i hoolaa ai i mua kiʻi o ke kua'āina honua. Kona pena mai i pili i ka oi o ke kanaka a me ka lilelile waihoʻoluʻu. Naʻe, i kēia hiʻona ua wale o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ke akamai aloha. Kona loa kaulana hana i: "mea a pau i loko o ka hala", "ahonui kane", "Family Pauku". Ka pono me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe Artists itinerant 19th kenekulia, Vasily Maksimovich ma kana hana paio, e noonoo i ka makakū ideals a me nā loina o kona manawa.

Vasiliy Grigorevich Perov

Hânau 'ia i loko o Tobolsk i ka 1834. I adolescence, ke keiki artist hele i ke Kula o ka pena. Kona mua nui hana o "ana kū ma luna o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana." Masterpieces kākau i loko o kona mau makahiki kaikaina, ua he nui ka pomaikai ma ka alanui E hoike mai. Soon, no ka mea pena "Sermon i loko o ka Village" Vasily i i hookoia he mekala gula. Kona i kakahiaka nui i pena noonoo i ka kaiapili-noho pilikia kohoʻia o ka mea kākau. A luku ana mamuli o keia - "Nupepa huakaʻi ma Easter", "Aʻo i loko o ke kauhale", etc. Ma hope makahiki Perov akaka e like me ke kiʻi-panorama pena .. Ia ia no nā kiʻi o Dostoevsky a me Alexander Ostrovsky. It Vasily i kekahi o na initiators o ka hana ana o ka hui.

Aku la o Aberama Efimovich Arkhipov

Ua hāʻawiʻia kēia artist nui i wahi i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke pena o ka manawa. Ma kona mau masterpieces Arkhipov i kā mākou kaʻoiaʻiʻo depicted i ke ola ana o ka poe noonoo ole kua'āina kanaka. Kona pena "Ka hoʻi", "Ma ka Eye", i ua hoʻomano ike mawaena o ka honua. Ma kekahi o kana mau hana ia i hōʻike mai i ka nohona pilikia ( "washerwomen", "lā hana" a no laila, ma luna o. D.), kolo `he kaumaha kua'āina hana.