BCG (ka laʻau koʻokoʻo): hopena, complications, contraindications

Tuberculosis - pilikia infectious maʻi, kena ae la ia e ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a me ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Maʻi e hoʻomōhala ana i hoʻomaka koke, i ka hailona o ka loa a me complications, e waiho i ka hoailona ma ke kino no ke ola. Eia naʻe, e like no laila, he nui na mea e ae, i ka maʻi ka hiki pono o ka pale ma mua o ka pau ana o ka maʻiʻaʻai ku ae la. I ka lā, ka mea wale iaoiaeii o ka pale TB o BCG-vaccinated. Hopena, complications a me contraindications - 'atikala.

Deciphering ka BCG laʻau koʻokoʻo

He aha ke ano o ka hua h ÷ ailona BCG? Deciphering Lakina inoa ua hoohalike ana me BCG bacillus Calmette-Guerin. I unuhi 'ia i loko o Lūkini, ka mea,' o ia hoʻi "bacillus Calmette-Guerin." Penei, ia mea,ʻaʻole he ka ho'ēmiʻana ailona BCG. Deciphering keia - he pololei heluhelu o ka Roma hua h ÷ ailona, i kākau i loko o Cyrillic.

BCG laʻau koʻokoʻo: He aha ka mea?

BCG - He ka wehe ana o attenuated mycobacterium bovine ioeo me ka poho o ka virulence no kānaka. Aia i mau ke ano:

1. BCG - ka maʻiʻo o ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo mea, ua uuku ia i maʻiʻaʻai. Eia naʻe, ua lawa no laila, i ke kino, ua hiki ke hoʻomōhala e hoʻonele aku i ka pilikia maʻi i kēia dala. Ma nā'āina, nānā 'ole o ka Hookah, ka haku mele' ana o ka mea hookahi laʻau koʻokoʻo. He nolaila impractical e hooponopono "lahui" no ka haole huahana ma ka pilikino hoahewa ia ana ia mea maikaʻi ma mua o wahi lulu.
2. BCG-M - ma muli o ka hoemi pae o microbial kino (mau manawa e emi ma mua i loko o kaʻike mau BCG laʻau koʻokoʻo), ia vaccinated ku tuberculosis premature, hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia keiki. Eia hou, ina he keiki no kekahi kumu, "e nana" i loko o ka haukapila, a i ole komo i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ma ka manawa, o BCG-M ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka haukapilaʻo.

No laila, ina paha e pono ai i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo?

O i ike ole ia e ka laʻau koʻokoʻo, aole ia e haawi aku ai 100% kumu hoʻomalu mea a laila iho mailoko me ka tuberculosis ua e hele i ka hana. A aha ka mea no laila, e noi aku ai. Ka mea i BCG paha ke TB e hoʻonele, hiki ana o ka hoʻolako 'ikaika ka palekana i ka iniiaiie maʻiʻaʻai, e like me hiki pane-i hui' ana me nā moku halihali mokulele o TB maʻiʻaʻai. Inā i ke kino, ua nawaliwali no ma mua o ka maʻi, i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo, e pale i ka ulu ana o ka oi aku kaumaha, geniralizovannyh ano o ka tuberculosis (miliary a me ka hoʻolaha ano). Penei, me ka hoʻolako 'piha ka palekana i ka maʻiʻaʻai, vaccinated mau kōkua i ka maʻi ina iho mailoko o.

Owai la ka mea paipai BCG vaccination?

Vaccination ua paipaiʻia nā waeʻano o kanaka:

1. Nā pēpē. Nā keiki BCG E kāinoa mua e vaccinated makahiki. Oi loa ma ka wahi me ka prevalence kiʻekiʻe o ka tuberculosis.
2. Mea i mau ma ka hui 'ana me mailoko o TB (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO la ia i kahu tubdispantserov etc.).

I ka makahiki BCG vaccination?

BCG ka wā e hana ai? Helu vaccination hoʻoholo e hoʻomaka i ke ola i ke keiki keiki no 3-7 lā o ke ola. Mālama 'Kauka pono nānā i ke keiki, e hoopaa i ka wela (ke kiekie kino mahana ke kaʻina hana no ua contraindicated), lawe i loko no o ka pilikino mōʻaukala a me ka hiki a pau contraindications. Eia hou, na keiki vaccinated me BCG e i ma hope o ke kūkā pū me ka 'inikua hoʻomalu me ka hoʻopau' ana i nā hualoaʻa ma o ke koko a me ka ho'āʻo ma mimi ho'āʻo wale.

Ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ia e lawelawe intradermally, i ka pā ili o ka poohiwi hema, me ka mahele lāʻau e ole oi 0,05 mg. 'Ana i kūpono o ke kaʻina hana komo ai o ka holo hoʻokomo' - i mea e maopopo lea ai i ke kui kele ma paka ua ma ka makemake huina. Inā hana pono, i ka ka pahu kui paena ua hana papule me ke anawaena o ka 7-9 mm o, keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO nalo hope 15-20 minuke ma hope o ka hana.

Children ka mea, no ka kekahi kumu paha kekahi i ole ua vaccinated i loko o ka haukapila undergoing vaccination ma ka manawa mua. Inā, nae, mahope mai o ka hanau ana o ka oi aku mamua o elua mahina ma mua vaccination obligatory i loko o ka Mantoux hoao. Me ka maikaʻi hopena o BCG i pāpā 'ia.

Ka 'inikua mooolelo o na keiki kauka ua koiia e hana i ka leo o ka vaccination, e hoike ana i ka lā o ka vaccination, ka laʻau koʻokoʻo papahana a me ka hooponopono ana helu. Eia hou, i ka moʻolelo ua hoʻolauna a me ka holopapa ola o ka mea komo lāʻau ', e like me ka Hookah.

Nui! Place laʻau koʻokoʻo ua papaia e lawelawe i kekahi pāʻoihana. Bandaging ua hoi ole ae.

No ke aha la i ka naholo kiki mai ai?

No hoi, ua pinepine noi no ke aha ai ka wanaʻao a hiki i BCG kauka. I ka i vaccinated, na makua kahaha no ke aha la keiki keiki nō,ʻaʻole ikaika i ke kolu o ka lā ua hoolilo ia e like me ka hōʻike. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kahua me ka tuberculosis mea i ole a pau e hoomanawanui i ike e pili ana i ka pilikia, e hoʻomau e alakai maʻamau ola. E like me nā moku halihali mokulele o ka pilikia nā mea palahēhē, ka mea, ua noa, e hele aku i ka lehulehu wahi, ma o na la nui hoʻoweliweli, o ka oi aku no ke keiki. Ka pilikia o ke anaina i ke kao keiki ma ka bacterium mea nui loa. 'O kēia ke kumu vaccination ua lawe i kakahiaka nui me ka nui i hiki mai i i ka manawa o ka hookuuia ke keiki i mua hoʻomaka' ana e lilo e hoʻonele i ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

BCG revaccination

Revaccination e lilo na keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki o ka 7 a me ka 14 makahiki, akā, wale ina o ka hopena maikaʻi naoh i ka Mantoux hoao. I ka wā mawaena ma waena o Mantoux a me booster e ole oi mau pule.

Eia naʻe, ua iho mailoko o epidemiologically keakea wahi o ka aina keiki me Mycobacterium lōʻihi ma mua o ka booster mua, no laila, hou ka mea, e i paku ole ia i BCG.

He aha keʻano o ka hanaʻana ana i loko o ke kino ma hope o BCG?

Ma ka ka pahu kui paena koke hoʻomaka hiki macrophages (monocytes paha - he ano o leukocytes), absorbent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ke causative Agena o ka maʻi make pu me macrophages, kūpono ana ma ke kahua o ka necrotic caseosa. Hele ma waho, ka mea i scarring ma ke kahua o ka hooponopono ana o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo.

Ke naoh i BCG

Hoʻonohonoho o ka hooulu ana o ka papule ma ka ka pahu kui paena, i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hōʻike i na kamalii uuku 4-6 pule ma hope o vaccination. Ma ka paena o ka inoculation mea, e hana me ka makaʻu no, ma ka mea nui, e hoʻoponopono i nā 'āpana i loko o TB e hoʻonele. No laila, inā ma hope o BCG me ka makaʻu no i hana 2-4 mm o, laila, ke olelo aku nei au i ke kino o ke pakuiia auanei lakou, e pale ana i ka maʻi i loko o 3-5 makahiki. Inā i ka nui o ka 5-7 mm o - ke kino ua palekana no 5-7 makahiki, a ma 8-10 mm o - no 10 makahiki.

Nō kāu, ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ua pono tolerated, akā, i kekahi manawa, aia nei i keʻano o nā reactions:

• BCG poe. Inā ka redness aole i nae a hiki i ka puni'aʻaʻa ua malama wale i ka pakuiia auanei lakou naoh, ka mea, o ke kūmau. Ma pohihihi keia hoopii, ma ka hou e redness a me ka nani i hana keloid me ka makaʻu no. Ke Alahele no e hopohopo nei ma keia hiki ole e: no laila, i ka ili reacts i ka waiʻona.
• BCG festers. Suppuration a abscesses - he maʻamau naoh i ka vaccination eiiiiiaiou, a e e paa koke. Eʻimi 'inikua noonoo e, ina ma ka hou ana i festering a puni ke kahua o ka vaccination ikea redness a me ka nani: hiki ke hooeha maʻiʻaʻai ana, a pono pono ia e hana.
• BCG wela ai. Hopohopo a me ka hele aku i ke kauka na koina wale i loko o ka hihia o ka laha ana o edema a me ka li nui ma luna o kaʻili o ka'ūhā mua, ma kela aoao o ka wahi o ka vaccination.
• BCG itches. Maneo ma ka ka pahu kui paena - maʻamau, akā, na kumu pono e kau gauze i ka eha, e hoʻonalowale i ke keiki, mai scratching.
• Ana wela ma hope BCG. Wela i loko o ke keiki i ka 38 degere o ka kūmau, akā, inā 'oe i ka ehiku-makahiki keiki ma hope o revaccination malama wela ala, e ike koke imi' inikua noonoo.

He aha e hana ana i ka nele o ka muli o?

Inā ma hope o vaccination ma ka ka pahu kui paena iʻaʻole i hanaʻia me ka makaʻu no, ia mea he PAaIEN i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ua i kona mana, no ka mea, e hoʻonele i ka pilikia maʻi uaʻaʻole i hanaʻia. I no ka e hopohopo nei ma keia hihia e ole e: kekahi manawa ma hope o ka loaa ana i ka hopena maikaʻi naoh i ka Mantoux hoao hiki ke hana revaccination ole kali 7 makahiki o ka makahiki.

Ka nele o ka pane ana i ka vaccination mua ka uncommon, ia lŘlŘ ma 5-10% o nā keiki. Eia hou kekahi, ma kahi o 2% o ka heluna kanaka ma ka Honua i ka innate e hoʻonele i ka tuberculosis. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka maʻi i loko o kā lākou wa e ola ana, ka mea hiki ole i ka rula.

Contraindications e vaccination

Contraindications BCG mea,ʻaʻole i nui, i kēia mau loaʻa:

1. keiki he pāʻumi emi o 2500 g. (ma 2-4 degere o ka prematurity).
2. Huʻi maʻi au a exacerbation o ka maʻi ka maʻi. Vaccination ma keia hihia e halihaliia oia iwaho ma hope o piha hoolaia, ka wā lapaʻau hoike ana mai o ka maʻi, e e hooholo wale.
3. Congenital immunodeficiency.
4. Ke alo aku o ke keiki i loko o ka ohana o generalized BCG maʻiʻaʻai.
5. HIV-iho mailoko o makuwahine.
6. Leukemia.
7. Lymphoma.
8. Suppressive Inc ai 'e hoʻonele.

Contraindications e revaccination

Contraindications e revaccination mea:

1. Exacerbation o ka maʻi maʻi a me kekahi huʻi maʻi ma ka manawa o ka vaccination me BCG. Kino mahana (a mahuahua nui) mea he nui hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka hoolilo pakui. Nō kāu revaccination ua lawe mai i ka mahina ma hope o ke ola.
2. Malignancies.
3. Immunodeficiency kulana.
4. Tuberculosis (me ke ola ke kahua).
5. Ka mea maikaʻi naoh i ka Mantoux hoao.
6. Complications ma hope iniiaiie vaccination.

Kanaka, ka poe hulina i kaawale mai ka vaccination no ka contraindications, e ia ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o 'inikua nā limahana, a me ka lawe i pau i ka piha ke ola a me ka inoculation. Poe i hoolilo revaccination, i kākoʻo 'a e hōʻike' ia ma ka pakuiia auanei lakou naoh hope 1, 3, 6, 12 mahina ma hope o ka hana.

Kēia nā kéu no ka pakuiia auanei lakou naoh?

Kēia ponopono ua lawe mai ma hope o 1-3 mahina, na malama eono, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o vaccination a me ka revaccination, ia mai nā ':

• Kakau nui o ka kūloko naoh.
• Kakau 'ano o ka naoh (auhau ina ua i ke kahua o papules, pustules a crusted lepa). Eia hou kekahi, pigmentation kulana kupono i ka paena o inoculation.

BCG: e hiki complications?

Ina o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ka palekana a me ka makau ole? Mea i ka complication o BCG-vaccinated? Nā hopena e hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka palapala o:

• Osteitis - tuberculosis o ka iwi. Ka hooulu ana o ka maʻi ana ia lŘlŘ ma hope o 0.5-2 makahiki ma hope o vaccination, ia ke kumu no kāna hana nui o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.
• Generalized BCG maʻiʻaʻai - ua hana ia ma ke alo o ke keiki ka innate'ōnaehana paleʻea kāna hana.
• Aat i lymph wahi - pono kokeʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau 'uao ina he mea kekahi hoopaapaa mahuahua ma ka lymph'āina nui (ma 1 knm i loko o ke anawaena).
• Hou anuanu abscess - ponoʻoki kino. O kŰia heʻilihune o ka subcutaneous (kahi intradermal) aaieieno? O BCG laʻau koʻokoʻo. Vaccination, i ka hopena o ka i mea like penei, i paʻa illiterate.
• Keloid me ka makaʻu no - mea he ulaula, pehu ili ma ke kahua o ka inoculation. Ma ke alo o ka me ka makaʻu no revaccination ma ka makahiki o ehiku ua i lawe mai.
• Nui ulcer hōʻike he kiʻekiʻe pā lonoaʻili i ke keiki eiiiiiaiou o ka la hoomalolo. Ana haawi hualoaʻa lapaau.

Hoʻokaulike me nā vaccines

BCG laʻau koʻokoʻo o kekahi, ka mea i ka wā hoʻokahi pono o'ē aʻe ai 'me ka i inadmissible. A he, ka mea, ua i aeia e lawe mai i nā vaccination ole wale i ka lā o ka hoike BCG, akā, no hoi no 4-6 pule, i ka hanana o reactions i ka waiʻona. Ma hope iho o ka ka pahu kui o BCG i kekahi'ē aʻe vaccinations pono kekahi, ma ka liʻiliʻi 35-45 lā.

Prior i BCG vaccination i e ke kamaiki e ku e hepatitis B. ka wale ana o ka immunological hoʻomaha manawa, oa a i ka makahiki o ka 3 mahina pēpē contraindicated kekahi vaccinations.

Babycare ma hope o BCG

Nō kāu, i kekahi 'ole ma hope o ka vaccination aʻole i hoʻomaka ai, akā, ka mea, e ia kekahi hana i hana ai i "reinsurance":

• Mua, he keikiʻai e noho i ka ia. Ma hope o vaccination, i ka pēpē i ia i kinowai noho, kuni, a me ka luaʻi. A pau keia mau waiwai a pau maʻamau, ka mea e ole ho i pilikia i ke ola a me ka ola.
• Antipyretics (me ka proviso e hewa ana ke aloha keiki) e e hāʻawiʻia i ka pō, ma ke ana wela ma luna o 38,5 degere. I ka wa febrile convulsions e hana kuni i ia i 37,5 degere.
• Ka hoʻohanaʻana i antihistamines mea mahalo undesirable. Redness a me ka nani, e hele aku: ke ola i ke kino ke lawelawe ma luna o lākou iho.
• E auau ua i hookapuia.

Nīnau aku i ke kauka i ka ina he mea hiki ole e lawe ia i ka mahana antipyretics (paracetamol), ina ke keiki mea restless, a ua lōʻihi hoole i kaʻai. Ma convulsions, poho o ka ike paka i, a me ka festering loa ma luna o ke kahua o ka inoculation koke kapa i ambulance.

Hoole ana o ka BCG

I kēia lā, nui a oi pinepine i kaheaia keiki makua'ōhumu mai e pili ana i kekahi 'ole' ē aʻe oaeouee? Vaccinations, e noonoo pono i nā palapala ia. Ke ano o ka hana o ka ole-vaccination. BCG-vaccinated, i ka hopena o ka hoole ana no i ka loa kaumaha, mea i koe.

Mai Anati-tuberculosis laʻau koʻokoʻo hiki ke Hooia ma ka like me kekahi 'ē aʻe. Ke kanawai o ka Russian Hui hōʻoia ana i ka pololei, hiki aeʻalo ana i ke kuleana no na keiki i ko lakou mau makua.

He aha au makemake makemake e hoailona oukou i keia manao? I kēia lā, i loko o ka lehulehu kikowaena o ka hailona o ka 'ike e pili ana i na mea a pau loa. Kēlā me kēia kanaka i hiki ke pakiko-kuka nei nīnūnē e pili ana i ke ola a me ka ola o ka ia, a me kona ohana, e hana i hoʻoholo, a lawe kuleana no lākou hilinaʻi.

Inā e koho ole i ka vaccinate lākou mau keiki iho - i kekahi, e olelo kekahi mea e ku e ia ia. Wale Pono e kākauʻana i kona hōʻole iho o ka palapala, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e komo i ka e ole i kekahi kuleana i ke kookoo ma hope.