Bombers o ke Kaua Honua II: Soviet, American, English, Kelemānia

Ma ka mua a me ka hope o ka Apana World War mākou hoʻohana ōlaʻi i o Bombers. I mai la lakou a pau he okoa oaoieei-ano, akā, ka mea, ua like nui no na puali o lakou. E paa ana i na mea he nui lepo hana lilo i mea hiki ole loa huikau me bombing KUMUMANAʻO NUI pale o kaʻenemi.

"Heinkel"

Kekahi o ka Heinkel He ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE a me ka loa, he pono ole Luftwaffe Bombers 111. Ma nā mea a pau he mau 7.600 mau machines. Kekahi o lakou, he mau ka hoʻololi 'ana a me ka torpedo hoouka mokulele. Mōʻaukala o ka papahana hoomaka me ka mea i Ernest Heinkel (koʻikoʻi German mokulele) hoʻoholo i kūkulu i ka wikiwiki ohua pelane i loko o ke ao nei. Ka manaʻo ua ai pīhoihoi i kona-Liloa ana ana i ka hou kālai'āina alakaʻi o Nazi Kelemānia, e like me ka hana 'Oihana. Naʻe, Heinkel ua hoʻoponopono. He Komikina'Āina i ka manao o ka mīkini Gunter hoahanau.

Ke prototype mua ua makaukau i ka 1932. He e hoʻokele i ka lanakila i ka laila-māmā mooolelo i loko o ka lani, ua ka C. Brewer pomaikai initially dubious papahana. Akā, i ua ole ai ka Heinkel He 111, akā, wale kona, hoʻokomo. Ohua Kekoa, ua hoihoi i loko o ke kaua. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka Luftwaffe i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hanaia'na o ke koa ka hoʻololi' ana. Sīwila mokulele i e hoohuli i ka mea e hoʻokēʻai ai, akā, i ka mea ia manawa i ka make bomber.

Ka mua kaua kaa haʻalele lākou hangars i ka Spanish Kanawai War. Mokulele loaa ka Legeona "Condor". Nā hualoaʻa o ko lākou noi halawai ka Nazi alakaʻi. Ka papahana Ua hoomauia. Hope Heinkel He 111 hoʻohana 'ia ma ka Western Front. Ka mea, ua i ka Blitzkrieg ma Farani. He nui enemi Bombers o ke Kaua Honua II i ala e hiki ai i ka Kelemānia mokulele i loko o ka hoakaka. I kona māmā holo nui ae, e loaa i ka enemi, aʻalo aʻe alualu. Bombings kuhikuhi paku ole ia i Airfield, a me kekahi mau kaʻakālai iacia ma Farani. Mālama nui ea kākoʻo ae i ka Wehrmacht e hana ka pono ma luna o ka honua. Kelemānia Bombers i kaʻiʻo na makana no ka pomaikai o Nazi Kelemania, i ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ka Apana World War.

"Junkers"

I ka 1940 Heinkel hoʻomaka i nā UAIAaIN e oi laekahi Junkers Ju 88 ( "Junkers Ju-88"). 15,000 o kēia mau ana hoʻohālike i i no ka wā o kaʻeleu hana. Lākou indispensability ua versatility. E like me ka rula, i manao na Bombers o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua no kekahi mau 'manao - ka bombing o ka aina pale. Me ka "Junkers" na mea a pau uaʻokoʻa. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka bomber, torpedo bomber, reconnaissance a me ka po kinai.

Like i loko o kona manawa "Heinkel" kēia mokulele i ka hou wikiwiki moolelo, hiki 580 kilomika no hora. Eia naʻe,? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Junkers" hoʻomaka Hawaiʻi moku. E like me ka hopena, i ka wa i makaukau i ka pono 12 kaa i ke kaua. No laila, ma ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ka Luftwaffe hoʻohana kuhikuhi Heinkel. I ka 1940, i ka Kelemānia koa hana, hope hua mai la i lawa hou mokulele. I ka'auwaʻa hoʻomaka kuapo.

Ka mea mua nui oʻu ho'āʻo no ka Ju 88 hoomaka ma ke kaua o Pelekāne. I ke kauwela a me ka Akuma ka o 1940 ka German mokulele ho'āʻo paakiki, e hopu i ka lewa ma luna oʻEnelani, i ke kulanakauhale i bombed a me ka hana. hoʻokani Ju 88 i kekahi kūlana kī i loko o kēia hana. Ka hoao ana Beritania ua ae ka Kelemānia poʻe akamai, e ho okumu ana i kekahi mau ka hoʻololi 'ana o ke kükohu, a i ka ho'ēmi i kona hoʻonawaiwali. hope lele mīkini pū, a me ka hou cockpit kapa kila i auou caiaiai.

Ma ka pau ana o ke kaua o Pelekāne ka Luftwaffe loaa he hou ka hoʻololi ', ua he nui ikaika engine. Kēia "Junkers" loaa pohaku uinihepa, a pau ka mua hewa, a lilo iho la ia i ka loa formidable Kelemānia mokulele. Aneane e pau loa Bombers o ke Kaua Honua II i loli ma ke kaua. Ka mea ho'āpono pakele o ke keu hiʻona i ka moʻolelo a me ka loaa hou hiʻona. ʻO ia hopena ua a me Ju 88. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka hana ka mea, i ua hoʻohana like me ka tutua bomber, akā, i ka airframe hiki ole ke hoomanawanui he nui loa kaumaha, aka hoi ia he bombing? Aaeei me. No laila, i ka 1943, o ka palapala a me kona laulā i kekahi hoʻololi. Ma hope iho o kēia nā loli, ua hiki ke 'ike i ka leho ma ka huina o 45 degere i ka poʻe hoʻoholo moku.

"Pawn"

Ma ka moʻo o Soviet bomber "Pe-2" o ka mea kaulana, he pono ole (hua mai la ma kahi o 11 000 huahelu). "Pawn" Ua kapaia ka Red Army. Ua ua he Classic māhoe-engine bomber, papahana ma muli o ke kumu hoʻohālike "VA-100". Ka mua holo ana o ka hou mokulele i loko o December 1939.

E like me ka Mea Maluna o ka manao, "Pe-2" no e nizkoplanam haʻahaʻa-'ēheu. Ke fuselage Ua maheleia i ekolu compartments. Ke kāpena noho hoʻokele a me ka ke kahu moku. Ka waena hapa o ka fuselage ua noa. Ma ka huelo kāpena i papahana no ka poʻe, i malama ia e like me ka Radio Aʻole i hana '. Ke kükohu Ua loaa ka nui windshield - a pau Bombers o ke Kaua Honua II i ka nele o ke akea, mākaʻi ihola iā makau. Kēia mokulele o ka mua i loko o ka Soviet Union loaa ka pou mana o ia wahi maomeka. Ka hoao ana i ka hōʻike, i ka ke kumu o ka'ōnaehana he nui kona keakea. No ka mea, no kēia mau machines mea pinepine noho'na makaainana i ulu'ā aie i ka hui 'ana o hunaahi, a kakolina ohu.

Like nui no hoi na Soviet mokulele o ka Apana World War, iloko o ka Kelemānia kūpono ' "Pawns" i ke ehuehu o mākou a me na hana nui loa ia. Ke koa ua maopopo iho la i makaukau no ka hoouka unexpected. I ka lā mua o ka hana "Barbarossa", i na hoopai ana he nui loa airports i ho'āhewa wale ma kaʻenemi mokulele, a me ka pono, a ua waiho ia ma ka hangar i luku a hiki mua ka mea, he manawa e e ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi sortie. "Pe-2" ua ole mau ia no kona Manao iho la ia mea ( 'o ia hoʻi, me he tutua kai-bomber). pinepine mau mokulele i hoʻohana ma o ka hui. Ma ia mau hana i ka bombing pohaku e lilo i kekahi wahi, a noho unsighted ka wā o ka noho luna ana o ka bombing waiho i ka "haku" luina. Ma ka mahina mua o ke kaua, "Pe-2" kokoke luʻu. Ua Ua pili me ka nele o ka oihana limahana. Wale nō ma hope o ka ma holo kula Hokoana i mau ale, ka pelane, ua hiki kona piha Loaʻaʻia e hoike.

Bomber Pavla Suhova

Emi mai, he pono ole i ka mea'ē aʻe bomber - "SU-2." He Ua kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia ma ka kiʻekiʻe lilo, akā, i ka mea ia manawa a me ka 'ike loea hou holomua i ka hana. Ka mea, uaʻAʻole wale he Soviet bomber, akā, mahalo i ka maikai, mākaʻi ihola iā ka makau, a me ka mea kaua spotter. Mokulele Paul maloo loaʻa ma ka hoʻoulu i ka mämä holo kumu hoʻohālike hoololiia ana a hiki i ka pā wehe hopeʻia, Aia maloko o ka fuselage.

Like a pau mokulele o ke Kaua Honua II, "SU" ua hoano a pau na vicissitudes o ka pilikia manawa. E like me ka manao o Sukhoi bomber i loa i mai ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Naʻe, ua ka huʻi shortage o Aluminum. No keia kumu, he pīhoihoi pāhana i ole hoʻokō.

"SU-2" i oi ike loea ma ka e like me nā Soviet koa mokulele. No ka laʻana, i lawe ma kahi o 5000 sorties mai i ka 1941, ka Air Max poho 222 bomber (ka mea, ua ma kahi o kekahi poho i loko o ka 22 poe mikanele). He ka oi anakahi o ka Soviet. Ma awelika deadweight poho nui i kekahi mokulele, me 14 e haʻalele iho ai, i mea 1,6 manawa hou aku paha.

Ka luina oia no mau kanaka. ʻO kā mākou huahelu Ua like ia 910 kilomika, a me ka mämä holo i loko o ka lewa - 486 kilomika no hora. Ka palena iki Hawaii mana o 1330 horsepower. I ka moolelo o ka pono o ka "crackers", e like me ka ka ina a me nā ana hoʻohālike, Ua piha o examples o ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i ka Red Army. No ka laʻana, September 12, 1941 i ka ke kahu moku, Elena Zelenko i rammingʻenemi mokulele "Me-109", 'auʻa' ia o kona mau'ēheu. Pilot pepehi, a me ka hoʻokele kipaku e like me kona kauoha. Ka mea, ua ka mea wale ike hihia o ke kuʻi hipa kāne ma luna o ka "SU-2."

"IL-4"

I ka 1939, ua lōʻihi-huahelu bomber, nawai au i hoolilo i nui na makana i ka Soviet lanakila ma luna o Kelemania, ma o ka Nui Patriotic War. Ka mea, ua ka "IL-4", hoʻomohala ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Sergei Ilyushin OKB-240. Ua Ua muaʻikeʻia me "DB-3." Once ka mokulele i koho "IL-4" i loko o March 1942, i noho ma ka mōʻaukala.

Model "DB-3" i ka helu o ka hewa i hiki lilo ona i loko o ke kaua a me kaʻenemi. Ma 'ana, ka mokulele i ae wahie liu i a me na mawae ma ka wahie pahu, ole o ka ke peleki pāʻana'ōnaehana, kaʻa Wear, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Ma kēia mīkini, na pailota, nānā' ole o ko lākou aʻo i loa paakiki, e malama i ka takeoff holo ana iloko o ka hookiekie ana i loko o ka lewa. Mea aa no ka "DB-3" lilo i ka Winter War. Finns e hoʻokele i ka imi i ka mīkini "make" ciia.

? Iaea o ka wahaheʻe hoomaka ma hope o ka pau 'ana o ke kai eʻe. 'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola ka wikiwiki o ka mokulele ka hoʻololi' ana, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka Great Patriotic War mea ole na mea a pau-hou "IL-4" i hoolaia mai ai lakou, mai na keakea mai o ka mua kükohu. Ma ka pae mua o ka German kūpono ', ka wā malu nā hale hana koke evacuated i ka Hikina, i ka mea e like ai o ka huahana (me maunakea) me ka nui loa ua hoʻemi. i ole i ka mīkini he autopilot, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i kana hana mau hoopiha mai ma ka pali, a hele auwana. Eia hou, i ka Soviet bomber loaa misaligned carburetors, no ka mea, o ka a he mea excessive neoneo o ka wahie, a nolaila ke emi ka lōʻihi o ka lele.

Wale nō ma hope o ka Hopu i loko o ka mea e like ai o ka kaua "IL-4" Ua noticeably hou. Kēia i kōkua ai i nā ma ka hoihoi hou ia hana, e like me ka manaʻo o ka hou ipu mokulele nā kānakaʻenehana a me ka poʻe akamai. Ua, "IL-4" Ua lilo i kumu nui Soviet lōʻihi-huahelu bomber. Ua lele na pailota kaulana a me Ku I o ka Soviet Union Vladimir Vyazovsky Dmitry Barashev, Vladimir Borisov, Nikolai Gastello, a pela aku ...

"No ke Kaua"

I ka pau ana o na 1930s. Fairey maunakea Company ua papahana i ka hou pelane. Ka mea, ua hookahi-Pake Bombers hoʻohana ma o ka Air Max o Beritania Nui a me Pelekiuma. Huina Hookah i nā tausani o kēia mau ana hoʻohālike oi ma mua. Fairey Kaua Ua hoʻohana wale nō i loko o ke kahua mua o ke kaua. Ma hope iho o ka manawa i hōʻike kona inefficiency ma e like me ka Kelemānia Kekoa, Mamao aku ka bomber, mai ke alo. Hope ka mea i hoʻohana me ke aʻo mokulele.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE keakea o ke kükohu he: lohi, i kaupalena 'ia ma ka huahelu, a kūlana i Anati-mokulele ke ahi. Ka hope hiʻona ua maopopo luku. Ke Kaua kona kikeke ana ka hapanui o nā ana hoʻohālike. Aka hoi, ia mea eo ka bomber o keia kükohu i ka mua UK symbolic lanakila i loko o ka lewa iloko o ke Kaua Honua II.

Mākaukau aku nō mākou aha (e like me pōkā pahū haawe) 450 kg - IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ka mea, ua la i komo ai o ka eha 113-kg pahū hopeʻia. Shells mālama ma neaa e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe, retractable mau'ēheu ma ka niche. Ma ka haule ana ma ka hatches (koe wale no ka bombing i loko o ka tutua) Ho'ā manawa pōkā pahū. Ka maka i noho mana ana ma ka hoʻokele, Aia i loko o ka cockpit no ka ke kahu moku, ka noho. Mokulele kūlana pale armament komo mīkini pu "Browning", ka mea i loko o ka eheu akau o ke kaʻa, a me ka mīkini pu "Vickers" i loko o ka hope cockpit. Hiʻona bomber ka ukuia i kekahi nui mea - ka mea, ua nui loa maʻalahi e hana i käna. Mai piloting Makuakane kanaka me ka mahuka hola palena iki.

"Marauder"

Na Americans noho i ka niche o ka māhoe-engine meakino bomber Martin B-26 Marauder. Ka mua mokulele o kēia moʻo ua i loko o ka lewa no ka manawa mua i loko o November 1940, ma ka Ewa o ka Apana World War. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina o ka hana o ka mua B-26ʻIkea aʻela VB-26B nā loli. Ua loaa Hoʻonui i ke kapa kila ka hoomaluia mai, me na mea kaua hou. Mahuahua mokulele wingspan. Kēia i hana i mea e emi i ka mämä holo koi 'ia no ka awa. Other ka hoʻololi 'ana oko māhuahua huina o ke kaua takeoff a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana ano. I ka huina no ka makahiki o ka hana ka mea, ua hua mai la i oi aku mamua o 5,000 mokulele o keia kükohu.

Ka mua hakakā ana "Marauders" i wahi ma April 1942 ma ka hanini o New Guinea. Ma hope, 500 o kēia mau mokulele i lele wale i ka UK no ka haawi lilo ole-Pili polokalamu. A nui helu o ia hana i loko o ka hakakā ma ka North Africa a me ke Kaiwaenahonua. B-26 i kona Debut i loko o ka māhele'āina hou nui hana. Ewalu lā ma ka lālani i ka bombing o Kelemānia a me ka Italian kaua ma ka Tunisian kulanakauhale o Sousse. I ke kauwela o 1943 i ka ia B-26 i loko o nā kaua ma Roma aoao. Mokulele bombed Airfield a me alahao hookui ana, ma o na la 'inoʻino loa i ka aeuiiai ieaia? O ka Nazis.

Manawa i kona pomaikai Amelika kaa i hoʻohana increasingly i koi. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1944, ka mea komo i loko o kipaku ka Kelemānia counteroffensive ma Ardenniskih mauna. I loko o kēia mau ikaika kaua i nalowale 60 B-26. Kēia poho ua hiki ole i ka hai, e like me ka Americans lako i Europa, hou a me ka nui o ko lākou mau Kekoa. Ma hope o ka Apana World War, "Marauders" i ke ala a hiki i ka nui laekahi "Douglas» (A-26).

"Mitchell"

Kekahi 'Amelika meakino bomber i ka B-25 Mitchell. Ua ua he māhoe-engine mokulele me ka tricycle awa pae kapa aia i loko o ka mua pahu o ka fuselage, a me ka pōkā pahū haawe o 544 kilograms. Like kūlana pale kila "Mitchell" loaa i kekahi meakino-caliber mīkini pū. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o ka huelo, a me ka ihu o ka pelane, e like me kona hana puka makani.

Ke prototype mua i kūkulu ai ma 1939 ma ka Inglewood. Holo ana o ka mokulele engine mana i hoʻolako 'ia e mau ma luna o kela mea keia mea o 1100 horsepower (ma hope ka mea, i auou caiaiai e ka nui ikaika). He mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Mitchell" Ua kakauinoa ia ma September 1939. Ma wale i kekahi mau mahina, ua i poe akamai i kekahi mau loli i ka mokulele 'ole. Ua Ua ua loa redesigned kona kāpena - manawa nā O Keaukaha ke noho i kokoke koke i kekahi i kekahi. Ka mua prototype o na eheu i ma luna o ka fuselage. Once finalized, ka mea i nee iki lower - i loko o ka waena.

I mokulele manao, hou hoailona iho la i ka wahie poʻina nalu i hoʻolauna. Ka luina i loaa hoʻokāʻoi 'ohana ka palekana o - hou kapa kila una honua. Oia bomber Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia ia palapala B-25A. Mau Kekoa i loko o ke kaua loa mua me na Kepani ma hope o ke kukala ana o ke kaua 'ana. Model me ka mīkini-pū Tora i ka inoa o ka B-25B. Mea kaua i noho mana ana ma ka loa hou i ka manawa o ka pila nui holo. B-25B i ua hoʻouna aku ai i Australia. Eia hou, ka mea, he poe Memories o ke kaua ma Tokyo i ka 1942. "Mitchells" kuai Army o ka Netherlands, akā, i kēia mea i Nyos. Naʻe, i ka mokulele nō, hele wale aku no - ma ka UK, a me ka USSR.

"Havok"

Easy Amelika bomber Douglas A-20 o Saulo mokulele ua hapa o ka 'ohana, a i ka loaʻa o ka lepo kaua a me ka po kinai. Iloko o na machines kaua o keia kükohuʻikeʻia i loko o kekahi mau poe kaua, me ka Pelekania, a hiki i ka Soviet. Bombers loaa i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia inoa Ka Saulo ( "Saulo"),' ole. E. "O ka lukuia,".

'O nā'elele mua o kēia'ohana i kauoha'ia e ka Air Corps o ka pū'ali koa US i ka manawa o ka makahiki 1939. Ua loa'a i ke'ano hou nā pahu turbocharged, a'o ka mana o ia he 1,700 mau lio. Eia na'e, hō'ike'ia ka hana i loa'a iā lākou nā pilikia me ka hō'olu'olu a me ka hilina'i. No laila, i loko o kēia ho'olālā,'ehā wale nō mau mokulele i hana'ia. Nā mīkini hou i loa'a hou nā'enekini hou (me ka'ole o ka puhipuhi). I ka hopena, i ka puna o ka makahiki 1941, ua'ae ke Air Corps i ka pakuhi mua A-20. 'O kāna mau mea kaua he'ehā mau pūkuniahi mīkini, a ua ho'okomo'ia i'elua mau pu'upu'u i ka ihu o ke ka'a. Hiki i ka mokulele ke ho'ohana i nā pūpū. 'O ia kahi i ho'omaka ai e huahua i nā pōpoki'āpana kilokilo 11-kilogram. I ka makahiki 1942, ua ho'ololi'ia kēia'ano ho'ohālike o Gunship. Ua ho'olālā'ia kona hale. 'O kahi i noho'ia e ka scorer ua ho'ololi'ia e kahi pākahi o nā pū mīkini'ehā.

I ka makahiki 1940, ua kauoha ka pū'ali Koa US i kahi 1,000 A-20B. New nā loli iʻikeʻia ma hope o ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoolako i kekahi "o Saulo" oi ikaika uuku i na mea kaua, a me nā kaumaha mīkini pū. Ua ho'ouna'ia i 2/3 o kēia hui i ka Soviet Union ma lalo o ka papahana Lend-Lease, a'o ke koena i koe i ka lawelawe'Amelika. 'O nā loli'oi loa o ka A-20G. Ua kokoke i'ekolu tausani mau mokulele i hana'ia.

'O ka koi nui'ana no "Hevok" i ka hui'oihana o nā hale kū'ai i kapa'ia "Douglas." Ua hā'awi'ia aku kona mana ho'omalu i kahi laikini no ka hana'ana o Boeing, i mea e hiki ai i ka mua ke loa'a ka nui o nā mokulele i hiki. Nā huakini i hana'ia e kēia hui i loa'a nā mea hana'ē a'e.

Paha

Me ka hana a De Havilland Mosquito i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua'elua,'o ia wale nō ka paio Kelemānia-88 e paio. Ua lanakila nā mea hana Pelekāne i ka hana'ana i kahi pōpilikia, a, no ka wikiwiki o kona ikaika,'a'ole pono i nā mea pale kaua.

'A'ole hiki i ka mokulele ke komo i loko o ka hana hana nui, no ka mea, ua'ane'ane pau loa ia papahana i nā luna. Ua hana'ia nā papahana mua i ka palena o 50 mau ka'a. Ma hope o kēlā, ua pani'ia ka hana o ka mokulele i'ekolu manawa no nā kumu like'ole. A'o ka mea palekana wale nō o ka lawelawe'ana o ka hui "Ford Motors" i hā'awi aku i ka pōpilikia i ke ola. I ka makahiki'o Nowemapa i ka makahiki 1940, ua lele ka'ōpala mua "Mosquito" i ka lewa, a ua weliweli nā mea a pau i nā'ano holo.

'O ke kumu o ka ho'olālā'ana o ka mokulele he monoplane. E noho ana kekahi pilolota i mua ona, a he nānā maika'i loa mai kahi mai o ka hale ka'a. 'O kahi hi'ohi'ona o ka mīkini'o ia ke'ano o ka lā'au. Ua hana'ia nā'ēheu i ka lā'au'ona, a me nā kui'elua. Aia nā Radiators ma ka'ao'ao mua o ka'ēheu, ma waena o ka fuselage a me nā motuka. He mea maika'i loa kēia'ano ho'olālā i ka holo o ka holo'ana.

Ma nā puka hope o ka Mosquito, ua ho'onui'ia ka'ēheu mai 16 a 16.5 m. No ka ho'omaika'i'ana, ua ho'omaika'i maika'i'ia ka pūnaeho ho'olālā a me nā pūnaewele. He mea'ono ia i ka manawa i'ike'ia ai ka mokulele he maka. A ma hope o ka ho'omaopopo'ana o ka ho'okele wa'a kaulike i loa'a i ka'ikepili lele kūikawā, ua ho'oholo'ia e ho'ohana i ka mīkini i ka pana. Ua ho'ohana'ia ka "Mosquito" i ka wā o ka ho'ouka kaua'ana i nā kūlanakauhale Kelemānia ma ka hope o ke kaua. Ua ho'ohana'ia lākou'a'ole wale no kahi kūpikipikō'ana, akā, no ka ho'oponopono'ana i ke ahi o kekahi mau mokulele. 'O nā lilo o nā mamana i waena o ka mea li'ili'i loa i ka manawa o ke kaua ma'Europa (16 mau make ma 1000'ano). Mahalo i ka wikiwiki a me ka ki'eki'e o ka lele, ua hiki'ole i ka Mosquito ke loa'a i nā mea hana pā'ani a me nā mea kaua Kelemānia. Na wale nui hoʻoweliweli, e mokulele hēkī bomber i ka Messerschmitt Me.262.