Cai Lun. Ka mo'aukala o ka ho'omaka'ana o ka pepa

I nā kenekulia lō'ihi, ua'ike ka po'e Haina i ko lākou mau hoalauna e noho kokoke ana iā lākou. Ua palekana lākou mai ka waho o ka honua a'a'ole i komo i ka pilina me nā po'e mai waho mai. No ka lō'ihi o ka noho ka'awale'ana, ua hiki i nā kākau kākau a me nā haku mele ke ho'okumu i kahi mo'omeheu mua,'a'ole i ha'alele nā mea kākau a me nā mea'epekema i hope o lākou.

'O ke kūlana o ka ulu'ana o Kina i ka wā kahiko

I kēlā mau lā, i ka manawa o ka honua i ka manawa kahiko, ua ho'ohana mua'o Chinese i ka pilahi a kākau i ka pepa. He lō'ihi loa ka mo'olelo o ka pepa a he nani ho'i. I ka manawa mua, ho'ohana nā Kina i nā pūniu e kākau i nā hieroglyphics. Ua ola lākou a hiki i kēia manawa a ua hō'ea'ia i ka'elua tausani mile BC. A laila ua ho'ololi lākou i nā leka uila, nā mīkini li'ili'i o nā'epa a me nā papa lepo no ke kākau'ana.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka II kenekulia AD i ka noho alii ana o ka Pākē Han aliʻi haku nui haʻahaʻa o ka huakaʻi invented pepa. Wahi a ka moolelo o kēlā au, ua hana'ia ka pepa mai ke kāleka. Ua hele'o Tsai Lun ma ke ala ho'okahi, akā na'e, ua ho'okomo i ka lehu a me ka hemp. 'O nā mea i loa'a ka nui o ka ikaika, no ka malo'o'ana i ka lā a me ka ma'a'ana i nā pōhaku. No keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole Cai Lun loaa mai o ka Emperor ke kiʻekiʻeʻoihana, a lawe nui i nā hana i ka Chinese lehulehu.

Inā mākou e no'ono'o hou i ka'enehana o ka hana pepa, i ho'opuka'ia e Lun, hiki ke'ike'ia ua ho'oholo'o ia e kau i nā'āpana silikino li'ili'i ma ke ka'ahele, a laila ua kāwili'ia me ka wai nui. Ma mua o kēia, ua hana'ia ka lepo silk a pahū'ia me nā hammaka, me ka ho'onui'ana i ka wai. 'O kēia ka mea i hana ma'alahi ai nā mea hope loa i kākau'ia. Ua holoi koke'ia ka'īka ma ia pepa, a ua lilo nā puke a me nā hō'ailona i lepo. Mālama kēia kulekele i ka puka'ana o ka pepa i kēia mau lā.

'O kekahi pono'ē a'e o Tsai Lun'o ia i pi'i mai me ka hana e hana i pepa mai nā'ano like'ole. Ma hope o ka ho'omaka'ana o kēia kumumana'o, ua emi iho ka nui o nā koena i koe. Eia kekahi,'o ka pepa'o Tsai Lun'a'ole i'oi aku ka maika'i wale nō, akā he mea'u'uku ho'i i ka hana'ana, a he mea nui i kēia manawa a i kēlā mau lā.

'O ka mea'ike i ka pepa

'O ke'ano o kēia mea ho'opuka nui nui loa. 'O Cai Lun i hānau'ia i ka makahiki kanalima o ko mākou au. No kona wā'ōpiopio he mea'ole i'ike'ia. 'O kēia kanaka wale nō i'ōlelo'ia ma 65 makahiki wale nō o ko mākou mau lā. He keiki'umikūmālima mau makahiki, ua ho'omaka'o Tsai Lun e lawelawe ma ka hale ali'i mō'ī. No kona ikaika, kūpa'a a me ka hopohopo, ua hele'o ia ma luna o ke kūke kauā me nā mō'ī āna i lawelawe ai, akā aia he mau'elima paha o lākou. Ua'ike nā luna a pau i ke kālena keu o kēia kanaka, a ua ho'opuni'ia ka lono ma luna ona a he kūkawā kūikawā. I kona wā e ulu ana, ua hā'awi'ia'o Tsai Lunu i ke kūlana o ke ali'i o ke aupuni ki'eki'e. Ma laila'o ia i hō'ike mua i kona makemake nui, e hana ana i nā'ano hou o nā mea kaua a me ka ho'omaika'i'ana i ka maika'i o nā mea i hala.

Ka pepa ma waho o Kina

Akā,'a'ole i pau ka mo'olelo o ka pepa i'ike'ia. Ua ho'omau'ia ka hana o ka ho'omau'ana i ka hana. Nui loa ke aloha, ua nānā ke Kānanī i ka hō'oia'ole o kā lākou mea huna i loko o nā lima o kekahi aupuni'ē a'e. Akā, i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 7 ua'ike'ia ka mea huna o ka pepa i waho o Kina. Ua ho'omaka lākou e ho'ohana ma Iapana a me'Iia. A ma ka kenekulia 9, ua hā'ule ka pepa Kino i nā lima o nā'Arabia, a laila ua ne'e aku i'Eulopa.

Ho'oponopono i ka hana

I nā'āina'Eulopa, ua loli nui ka'enehana o ka pepa pepa. 'O ka luna kānāwai o kēia mea,'o ia ka Holland no ka nui o kāna mea hana i hana'ia a me ke'ano nui o ka ho'omohala waiwai. I ka makahiki XVII, ua hiki i nā Dutch ke ho'omaika'i i nā pae a pau o ka hana, mahalo i ka ho'okomo'ana i nā hana hou. 'Oiai i ka ho'omaka mua'ana o ke kenekulia XII, ua ho'omaka ka pepa ma France a me Italia.

Pepa ma Russia

I ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia XVII, ua hiki aku ka'enehana o ka lawe pepa i Russia. Ma nā lā 30 o ke kenekulia 17, ua ho'onoho'ia ka mīhini mua no ka hana pepa. I kēia wā ma Peter i nā wahi o Moscow a me St. Petersburg, ua ho'okumu'ia he mau mīkini hou a me nā'oihana nui. No ka manawa lō'ihi,'a'ole e hiki i ka moku Lūkini ke hā'awi iā ia iho me ka pepa maika'i, pono e kū'ai mai ia mai Holland. Eia na'e, me ka ho'oponopono hou'ana o Peter I, hiki i ko mākou'āina ke ho'okumu i kahi palapala pepa.

Ua mālama'o Tsai Lun i ka'aha kanaka e hiki i kahi kūlana ho'olālā hou. Ka pepa, kahi e ola ai no nā makahiki he nui, ua kōkua nui i ka ho'onui'ana i nā puke a me ka mo'aukala. 'O nā mea he nui e pili ana iā Kina, ka ola a me nā hana a nā po'e o kēlā manawa,'a'ole mākou i'ike'ia e mākou me kēia mea'ole. Ua lawe pū'ia ka pepa i ka hanauna e hiki mai ana i nā mana'o o nā mea mana'o China nui e like me Lao Tzu, Confucius, Chuang Tzu a me nā mea'ē a'e. Inā'ole, e pau nā hana a kēia po'e na'auao i ka nalowale i nā pā kaua a ma lalo o ka hopena o ka manawa.