Chronological papaʻaina o Mayakovsky. Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ke ola a me kaʻike hoʻokumu

Ke ola o keia haku mele kāpili he 37 makahiki, akā, kahi loa nui. He ua kekahi o na luna o ka avant-garde nō, a me nā kauoha aku hai aku i ka staunch kākoʻo iā ia, no ka Party laina, hoʻopale kinai i ka ideological alo. Kona poetry - he''he pu ana o ka huli 'ana o ka hou ano, a mau loa aiee i loko o ka maʻiʻo, ikaika leo luna tausani a me ka maalea lyrical nuances. Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ke ola, a iloko ona i kakauia he chronological papa o Mayakovsky, e noonoo i ke kahua o ke kanaka o ka haku mele, akā, no ka Loiloi i kona unahiʻole, i leie oi lawe ia'ku, mau makamaka, a me kona mau makakū Kawaihae.

1893-1906. kamaliʻi

Hânau 'ia July 7, 1893 ma ka ohana Vladimira Konstantinovicha Mayakovskogo, ka poe i poai puni i ka Office o ka ulu lāʻau ma ka liʻiliʻi Keokia kauhale kokoke Baghdadi Kutaisi a me Aleksandry Alekseevny Pavlenko, mua, mai ka Kuban. makua kāne kupuna ua he Cossack esaul, loaa heʻano koa.

Mayakovsky chronological papaʻaina he he wahi lihi iki o anecdotal hoike o ka hiki ana o wā e hiki mai haku mele ao mai la oia ia ia iho i ka heluhelu, ka mea lawe i ka puulena hoihoi a me ka inclination i moʻokalaleo a me ka pena, hoʻomanaʻo i ka hailona o ka poetry, ka poeko i loko o Keokia.

1902 - komo i ka papa kiʻekiʻe kindergarten Kutaisi gymnasium, e hoike ana i maikai aʻo oi loa i loko o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo a me ka unuhi.

1905 - kaʻeleu hoihoi i loko o nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni, komo i loko o 'ohi' ia a me nā hōʻike. He haalele i hoihoi i ka haʻawina.

February 19, 1906 make koke ana o ke koko kaʻapu kōheoheo Ola Mayakovsky.

1906-1910. i Moscow

Chronological papaʻaina o Mayakovsky ma Moscow kakahiaka au - këia i kula, Hobby Marxism, e pili ana i ka RSDLP (b), i ka hopu ana:

1906 August-Mayakovskyʻohana neʻe i Moscow, kahi āna i aʻo i ke kaikuahine o Vladimir - Lyudmila.

1906, September -nachinaet kuka nei lakou i ka Elima panina gymnasium. Këia haoʻa, halawai mai la me ia me nā haumāna-i komo i loko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. Hoihoi i ka heluhelu philosophical buke, këia Marxism.

1908 - komo i loko o ka Russian Social-kemokalaka Party o ka Bolsheviks, i ka aoao i loaa mai i ka inoa kapakapa "hoa Konstantin", papa mai o ke kula i loko o ka gymnasium. Ka mahuʻi wale i ka mahele ana leaflets, a malalo iho o ka hopu mua. Hoʻokuʻu no ka nele o ka hoike.

1909 - Ka Nohona Pili e hoʻomau lākou hoʻonaʻauao, komo ka Stroganov Kula, akā, i loko o July Ua hou hopu i hoʻohuoiʻia no e hoʻolālā i ke ola o ka pio. Ma Butyrskaya heluhelu nui fiction, a me ka Symbolist haku mele. UOAAaOON e kākau iho.

1910 - Familyʻimi hoʻokuʻu o Vladimir like me ka nīnūnē. He hana ma ka pena i loko o ko lakou hoomakaukau ana no ke komo ana i ke Kula o ka pena, kiʻi kaula a me kuhikuhipuʻuone.

1911-1914. Mayakovsky, futurist

Chronological papaʻaina Mayakovsky au, hoʻomaka o makakū aayoaeuiinoe - familiarity me D. Burliuk, mua hana ana a me ka lehulehu ākea, komo i loko o ka neʻeʻana o ka Futurists:

1911 September - komo MUZhViZ. Ike lea i ka artist a me ka haku mele Davidom Burlyukom a me nā futurists.

Ka makahiki 1912 - hoʻolauna iā 'Burliuk me kona mau poem, oia ka mahalo' ia loa mahalo. He hana ia me ka mea mua lehulehu heluhelu o kona mau poem i loko o ka futuristic cafe "hoʻoʻauwana Dog".

Ka makahiki 1912 December - paʻiʻia poem ma ka anthology "paʻi ma ka Recycle o Publicʻaiʻana".

1913 March - hele mai Alemanaka "Missal ekolu" me ka poem a me Nails Mayakovsky.

1913, May - hele lithographic paiia o ka puke "I"

1913 December - 'oe e komo i loko o ka like hana o ka Futurists, ka mua hana o ka pōʻino "Vladimir Mayakovsky" ma St. Petersburg.

1914 Ianuali-March - 'oe e komo i loko o nā hana o ka Futurists ma ka aina-mai Kazan a hiki i Tbilisi. Hoʻokoe mai ke kula, kekahi o na kumu - no i ka futurism.

1914 Nowemapa - ma hope o ka outbreak o ke kaua, ua hōʻole i ka loaa ana o ka palapala o ka pono, ka mea i pono, e hui me ka hana manawaleʻa i loko o ke kaua.

1915-1919. Mayakovsky a me kaʻOiʻenehana

Mayakovsky chronological papaʻaina o ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni a me nā kia-October manawa - halawai ana me Gorky, a me ka BRIC conscription, komo i loko o nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni, "Window ulu":

1915 February - familiarity me ka AM Awaawa.

1915 July - halawai ana me Liliey Yurevnoy Brik a me kana kane.

1915 September - conscription. Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Gorky ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka poʻe o iāʻoe koa ulia kaʻa poʻe i loko o Petrograd draftsman - Service uhi wale hapa o ka lā.

1916 - i ka makahiki mai o ka poem "ka iwi kuamoo hano", "Kaua a me ka noho mälie '", "ke kanaka" lehulehu poem.

1917 Hao - heʻeleu aku i komo i loko o nā hanana o ka February kipi, e'ōlelo ma ka hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu, ke i mai nei o ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana, i koho' ana i ka Petrograd hana Arts Union.

1917 Akuma ka - ma hope o ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana i ka lokomaikai o ke kākoʻo '-hana o Artists mai ka Soviet aupuni.

1918 Hao - kākau screenplays, hana ma films.

1918, November - ka Ka Mua o ka hula "Nei-Bouffe".

1919 October-hoʻomaka ma Moscow ma o ka "puka" ulu "- mai ana i Pepeluali 1922 i hana mai i 400 nā pelaha, a me 600 hāʻina o nā haʻawina.

1920-1923. haʻalele Mayakovsky oe alakaʻi

Chronological papaʻaina o ke ola a me ka hana o ka wā o ke Kanawai Kaua - ke paio no ka hou poetry, he hou keaka, he new movie, ka mua huakaʻi i 'Eulopa, i ka puke pai "LEF":

1920 - ka mua lehulehu heluhelu o ka poem "150.000.000", ma ka makahiki i na hana ma ka paio kālaimanaʻo, haʻi'ōlelo, rallies.

1921 -? Iecaianoaaiiuo o "Nei-Bouffe" Meyerhold.

1922, May - ka mua huakaʻi ma kahi e - i Riga.

1922 October - auaiaea ohi ia hana.

1922 October - December - i ka holo ana a hiki i Kelemania a me Farani, ka halawai ana me ka alakaʻi o Artists a me nā kākau moʻolelo: Picasso, Léger, Braque, Cocteau, Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov a me na mea e ae.

1923 March - hele mai 1st "LEF" Magazine i hoʻoponoponoʻia e Mayakovsky ka poem "About O", poem lehulehu, a me ka 'atikala ma ka kumuhana o ka hou nō.

1923 October - i kākau hoʻolaha kope no Mosselprom.

1924-1925. Haku mele a me ka agitator

He nui ua e voey ola Mayakovsky. Chronological papaʻaina o ke ola a me ka hana o kaʻeleu manawa holo a puni ka aina, a me ka honua -'ōlelo i loko o ka'āina, i ka holo ana i 'Eulopa, i ka "loaʻa o America":

Makahiki 1924 waipuna - kau - olelo ana huakaʻi i Ukraine, i ka Crimea.

Makahiki 1924 Akuma ka-hooilo - he huakaʻi i Paris.

Ka makahiki 1925 May - i ka hoʻomaka o Mayakovsky holo ana a hiki i Europa, kahi ona e waiho ana ma ka hoouna ana i Mexico, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i ka moku.

Ka makahiki 1925 July-December - hui ma New York me D. Burliuk, a hele ma Amerika.

1926-1928. makakū waiwai nui

Chronological papaʻaina o Mayakovsky - pokole e pili ana i keia manawa, ua hiki ke olelo i keia wā o ke ola a me ka noʻeau waiwai nui:

1926 Ianuari-February, June, August, October a me November - ka lehulehu haʻi'ōlelo huakaʻi o ka aina, e like me ka pono me Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, France. Main kumuhana apau loa:

• New Art.
• Pehea hana Verses.
• My loaʻa o Amerika.

1927 - mai o ka Magazine "New LEF".

1928 - He hookaawale paiia o ka poem "Good".

1928 December - pau ka hula "pilikia", hana i ke ahulau ma ka hōʻike: Meyerhold ke kuhikuhi ia, manao -Kukryniksov, mele - Shostakovich.

1929-1930. pōʻino mālama

Chronological papaʻaina o ke Mayakovsky ka ola i loko o nā makahiki: i hoʻohalahala noʻonoʻo loi, mai ia nei hoa paio, nele i ka naauao o ka poe hoahanau, ka hoʻoponopono ulia i kino 'ana ma:

1929 January - he nui hana haku mele hōʻoki aku ma muli i ka puu maʻi.

1929 February - Ka Mua o "pilikia" ma ka Meyerhold Kino me kekahi henua: hoolea, a i hoʻohalahala noʻonoʻo loi o ka hoʻomanaʻo wale pāʻani.

1929, May - halawai ana me ka mea hana keaka Veronikoy Polonskoy - ka hope ke aloha o ka haku mele.

1930 February - March - Exhibition: "20 makahiki" ma ka huli weheʻia i loko o ka Moscow mea kākau 'Club, ma ka Leningrad House o Print, ka Central House o Komsomol Red Presnya. Uaʻaneʻane AOON luna a me nā kākau moʻolelo.

1930 March - ka Ka Mua o "Bani" ma Meyerhold Kino pu ma ka ole.

1930, April - o i i hookuu ia i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka malama, i ka Magazine "Print, a me kaʻOiʻenehana" ma na kauoha o ka hooponopono kālai kiʻi o Mayakovsky me ke aloha iā ia, ma luna o ka 20th lā hoʻomanaʻo o makakū haʻawina.

fateful lā

Nā kumu o ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho o ka haku mele ana pili i kona pohihihi pilina me Lily Brik, he he aneane mystical mana ma luna ona, a me Veronica Polonsky i mare, akā, ua makemake aku e hoʻomaka i ka maʻamau ohana ola. E hōʻike ' Tatyana Yakovleva, e noho ana i loko o Paris, a me kona aloha oiaio i kapaʻia. Ke suddenness o ka lono kaumaha e hele spawned nui aku, a me ka pepehi kanaka o ka haku mele. Chronological papaʻaina o Mayakovsky, pokole e haʻi ana i nā lā hope o ka haku mele:

April 12, 1930, i kakau i ke kaulana aloha palapala me na olelo o ke aloha waapa i ili mai i ke ola ...

April 14, 1930:

8,00 -ʻo ia i hele ai i ka telegraph a me ka telegram haawi T.Yakovlevoy ma Paris: "Mayakovsky pana aku la ia ia iho."

8,30 - ka mea, i papani ai hoi i Veronikoy Polonskoy , a hāpai ia ma luna o kona keʻena.

9,00 - ka mea, hele mai e hana i loko o kekahi keʻena Mayakovsky Lubyanskiy Travel.

9,30 - bookman courier nana i lawe mai i ka buke a hiki i ka haku mele kauoha ia lakou, i hiki mai ai e ike i ka haku mele e kū ana ma luna o kona mau kuli i mua o ka wahine opiopio.

10,45 - Polonsky mai o ke keʻena, i ka i ana ia mea, ua lohi no he keaka ma loko o ka hale keaka, e olelo, e hoʻi i loko o ke ahiahi. Ma ka anuu, ua lohe i ka pana ua hele i loko o ka lumi. A hoʻi hou hoʻi, alaila ike iho la Mayakovsky e moe ana ma luna o ka papahele, me ke koko kohu ma luna o kona Awaits i loko o ka naʻau wahi. He make ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o urgently kapa ka ambulance.

posthumous iaia

'O kēia ka moʻoleloʻohana o Mayakovsky. Chronological papa o ae kohu ai ka hoomanao ana o ka haku mele, oia hoi o ka hoihoi.

I ka pau ana o ka luna 'pili ana i ka wahine paha, o Mayakovsky ma ka oihana Aupuni i Stalin ia iho, i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli, i mai la: "Mayakovsky ua, a koe ka mea maikaʻi loa, loa loea haku mele o ko mākou Soviet ana nou." Koke hope ka mea, hoomaka ae la hea o ka haku mele alanui ma na kulanakauhale o ka Union, nā hale waihona puke, cinemas, etc. Eia hou, i ka inoa Mayakovsky ana:

Makahiki 1935 - The mua lanakila Square ma Moscow;

1938 - Station Zamoskvoretskaya laina o ka Moscow Metro;

1946 - ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina;

Makahiki 1954 - Moscow KU¯ hana keaka Kino;

1967 - St. Petersburg Metro wahi i ku ai;

1967 - He nīnūnē Honua.