David Hilbert: ke ola o ka mathematician nui

David Hilbert - he mathematician kaulana a me ke kumu o ka mea kiekie loa ka papa, i ka ike ole i luhi, hoomau lakou ma o kona mau manao, a me ka mea hoʻokomo aku i ka lokomaikaʻi, kekahi o ka mea nui loa i loko o kona manawa. Makakū mana, kiʻiona originality o ka manao, he mea kupaianaha naauao a me ka nohona o ka pomaikai i aku la o Davida i ke discoverer i loko o ka hapanui kihapai o kiko'ī sciences.

Gilbert o Davida: o ka pōkole Kawaihae

O Davida i hānau i loko o Vela, kahi kokoke i Königsberg (Prussia). Ua hānauʻia ma luna o January 23, 1862, oia ua i ka mua-hanau mai Leomakana - Otto a me Maria. Gilbert ua ole he keiki mee; alternately kau i ka pahu hopu, e hoopau ai i ke makaikai i na wahi o ka makemakika,ʻo ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia i pili iā ia. Me ka pau 'ana o ka makakū impulse aʻo kahua o ka hana, o Davida haʻalele i kona mau haumana. Ua waihoia ma ka piha ano, ao aku ia lakou i ka papa kūpono, a paʻi i kiʻi hōʻike aʻo i ukali. Gilbert hiki ke hoomau aku ma kekahi aoao: hai aku i ka mea hou kula makahiki, he kūikawā papa ma luna o ole? Anoee ia i ka makemakika, a komo ia i ke Imi i nā haumāna. E kiʻi ma luna o kēia papa i noʻonoʻo i ka pomaikai nui,ʻoiai ma ka ike maopopo aʻo ma luna o ia mea he nui ka hakaka ana.

Gilbert a me kana poe haumana

David Hilbert, nona Kawaihae mea hana hoihoi 'no ka mea he hanauna, ua hai polite i na haumana i Loaʻaʻia i manao ai. Inā ka hunaahi ua pio, ke nä känaka 'epekema maikaʻi i kēlā poʻe i aʻo aku ai iā lākou e ho'āʻo iaʻu iho i loko o kaʻokoʻaʻano o ka ha awina. Kekahi Hilbert haumāna ma muli o ke kumu o ka'ōlelo aʻo a me ka lilo nā kānakaʻenehana, physicists a hiki kākau moʻolelo. Ke Kumu i ole maopopo idlers a noonoo ia i emi iki mahope kanaka. E like me ka lahui hanohano kanaka o ka 'epekema,ʻo Dāvida i kona mau peculiarities. I ka mehana ino, hele mai la ia i ka haʻi'ōlelo ma kekahi Awaits me ka pōkole lole a me ka hamama pūliki koa, i ua ole befitting ke Kumu, a lawe aku i ka pua bouquets na kuko. He hiki ke hele mai ma luna o ka Bike, me ina kekahi ano o ka makana, lawe i ka ipu o ka mea hoʻomomona. Eia naʻe, manaʻo huhū o kona hoihoi, David Hilbert ua nani uaua kanaka a me ka hawawa koʻu hiki nema aku ana ka poe e 'aʻohe kona mau hae (pohihihi kii, ma ka mea hiki ke i hiki pono, a me ka wehewehe' ano ahuwale no ka schoolboy pae).

Ka mua haʻawina o Hilbert

Kona hana, e kiʻi sciences David Hilbert, he pōkole Kawaihae i ua ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala, ua nō ikeia ma Koenigsberg, ma kaʻoihana o ka makemakika he uuku heluhelu. Nolaila, hōʻalo i ka noho malie Göttingen - paena ohi o Kelemānia mathematicians, Hilbert i ka 1895 neʻe malaila, a me ka hana ana a hiki i ka makahiki 1933 - mai e hele mai ana i ka mana o Adolf Hitler.

Kona haʻi'ōlelo Gilbert heluhelu lohi, a meʻaʻohe frills, me ka pinepine repetitions i mea e ike ia a pau. No hoi, o Davida mau la mua mea. Hilbert ka haʻi'ōlelo i mau ohi i ka puu o kanaka: ke keena hiki mau haneri kanaka ka poe i kau, a hiki i windowsills nabitsya.

O Davida hoomaka ae la e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina hōʻailona helu, e e kiko'ī - me ka loli i loko o ka pähola 'o ka helu. Hoike ma ke kumuhana i ke kumu o kona puke.

Hilbert ohana

Iwalani ma ke aloha, o Davida i unlucky i loko o ka 'ohana. Me kana wahine Kathe ka mea, loaa ae nei i ma loa maikaʻi, akā, i ko lākou wale nō ke keiki i hanau i ka la o Morona. Nolaila, Gilbert loaʻa he mākeke ma ka launa pu, a me na mea he nui nā haumāna - elele o nā'āinaʻEulopa a me Amelika. Mathematicians pinepine hoʻonohonoho Hiking a hooponopono i ka olelo kī aoao, oiai i nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē ma makemakika kumuhana smoothly i loko o maʻamau i kamaʻilio ma kekahi mau kumuhana apau loa. Prim Kelemānia Kumu mai e ike i kēia kaila o ka 'ōlelo; ka mea, o ka mana Davida Gilberta i ia i ka kūmau, a ua hohola aku nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua nā haumāna makemakika.

Soon algebraic makemakika kuleana hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka anahonua, o, ma o ka mana loa a puni. Ke kali maka o ke kaʻina, ke nahā i waena o lākou, a me ka huina ma waena o nā vectors hōʻike 'Hilbert makahiki - Euclidean similarity.

About hoihoi mea i loko o ka kiko'ī sciences

I nā makahiki 1898-1899 David Hilbert paʻi i ka puke ma luna o nā kumu o ka anahonua, koke lilo i bestseller. Ma ka mea ana i haawi ai i ka piha nenoaiie o axioms o Euclidean anahonua, hoonohonoho ia i loko o nā pūʻulu, imi e hoakaka i ka palena o kela a me keia o ia mau mea.

Keia pomaikai i alakai Hilbert i ka manao ana au e pili i akaka nenoaiu o ka nui axioms a me ka wehewehe ana ma kela a me keia o ka makemakika kula. E like me ke ki mamuli o ka mathematician hōʻalo no ka mau kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻopaʻa i ka ', a ma ka mea - ma ka kaulana Cantor ka hoʻomaumau kuhiakau. David Hilbert ua hiki ke hooiaio i ka unprovable keia kuhiakau. Naʻe, i ka 1931 he opiopio'Aukekulia Kurt Gödel Ua hoao iho la ia e postulates e like me ka hoʻomaumau kuhiakau, i i manaʻo like kekahi o ka OAXA Hilbert axioms o ka huapalapala kumumanaʻo, he mea i loko o kekahi nenoaiu o axioms. He māmala'ōlelo Hōʻike i ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema, aole ia e ku malie, a e loa ana, akā, kēlā manawa, e i e invent hou axioms a me ka wehewehena - mea i ua hoopau ai i ke hakuloli i ke kanaka lolo. Gilbert ua ike no keia, mai pilikino ka ho'āʻoʻana, pēlā nō ia i ka manao pono, hauoli iho la kahaha ko oukou naau loaʻa o Godel.

"Makemakika pilikia a" Hilbert

I 38 makahiki o ka makahiki ma ka Ahaolelo Lahui o Mathematicians ma Paris, a lawe mai la laua i ka holika o ka 'epekema no ka manawa, Gilbert i olelo mai ai ma luna o "makemakika pilikia", a, me ke kumuhana mea i kaumaha aku 23 nui kumuhana apau loa. Ke ki Nä Pahuhopu o ka makemakika ma ia manawa, Hilbert noʻonoʻo 'Imi ulu ke kahua o ka' epekema (i kumumanaʻo, algebraic anahonua, ooieoeiiaeuiiai Ka Ikepili, makemakika kūpili, helu kumumanaʻo), kela mea keia mea o i kahiāuli i nā hana nui i ka pau ana o ka 20th kenekulia kekahi kane manaopaa, a loaa hooiaio o kona undecidability.

Ka mea nui wale no ka hana makemakika

I kekahi lā i nā haumāna opiopio i noi Gilbert ka ninau o mea i ka hana, ma kona manao, he nui loa i loko o makemakika, a loaa i ka pane mai o ka kūnewa haumāna: "hopu i ka nalo ma kaʻaoʻao hoʻi o ka Moon" By Hubert i mai la, keia pilikia mea i pololei ai hana hoihoi, akā, i ka mea a ka manaʻolana 'ia ke wehe i kona hoʻoholo' ana! Pehea ka nui i makemake ia entailed nui discoveries a me nā hana o ka mana i kūpono!

Pū Hilbert'ōlelo Ua hookupaa iho la ia e ola: ia mea ke kumukuai e hoomanao ana i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o kamepiula 'ē aʻe ua no ka manawa, i ka ho omaulia ana o ka hydrogen pōkā pahū. Discoveries e like me ka pae ana o ke kanaka mua ma luna o ka mahina, i ka Google map of no ka Honua holoʻokoʻa, paneʻe Sputnik lilo iʻano o ka ma-huahana pāʻoihana. Eia naʻe, Gilbert i kekahi manawa, e lilo i mea hoike no na mea nui hanana.

Ma o kona hope makahiki, Kumu helplessly hakilo iho i ka'opi o ke kula o ka makemakika ma Göttingen, e wahi ma lalo o ka Nazis. Make iho la o David Hilbert, ka mathematician, hana i na makana nui i ka 'epekema, Pepeluali 14, 1943, mai ka hopena mai o kekahi lahuikanaka i mokumokuia lima. Ke kumu o ka make ua physical immobility makemakika.