Emma Goldman - pili aupuni activist, he anarchist: Kawaihae, buke, propaganda o anarchism a me ka feminism

Emma Gold ike i ka undisputed poo o ka FBI Edgardom Guverom "ka noho pilikia loa wahine ma Amerika." ʻO wai lā ka wahine? No ke aha la oia i haawi mai i ka inoa kapakapa o Krasnaya Emma? A pehea ka mea, ua loli ka pepehi kanaka o ka pelekikena 'Amelika? A pau i kēia i loko o oi au mamuli o ka pauku.

hanau

Emma Goldman i hānau i loko o Rusia, nui kaʻoi loa mai ka Russian aupuni a pau. Ua Ua hanau ia ma Lithuania, ma Eaoiana, June 27, 1869. I keia la, i ke kulanakauhale, ua ike like Eaoiana. Iho la na makua noonoo haʻahaʻa bourgeois Iudaio, ka mea iloko o ka uuku palaoa, i malama ia e like me ke kumu o ko lākou ola. A lohe o Emma i 13 o kona mau makahiki, ua neʻe ka ohana i St. Petersburg.

I ke kapikala i ka manawa ke tā hoʻokahuli aupuni ke ola: i ka lima o ka elua he pepehi anaʻia iā iho poʻe hoʻoweliweli pepehi Tsar Alexander II. Hoʻohihi maoli me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻo laila, noʻonoʻo kaila pastime mawaena o ui kanaka. Ua ua i loko o kēia mau makahiki, e like me nā manaʻo "iho mailoko o" Emma.

Ka mua emigration i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia

Ma ka 17, ua emigrated Emma i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ma Rochester (HI) hoomaka ae la e hana ana i loko o ka lole hola. I ka makahiki 1887 ua mare hana, a loaa kupa. Naʻe, ka mea kipi uhane i iho i manao ai:ʻo ia aʻo e pili ana i ka liia anarchists komo i loko o ka haunaele ma Chicago eha, a ua hoʻoholo koke ihola i ka hui i ka anarchist neʻeʻana.

pili aupuni wale

Hiki i keia manawa, he nui loa kanaka i hoihoi i loko o kekahi nīnau: He aha ka mea i hai Emma Goldman - anarchism, anarcho-communism, anarcho-individualism, anarcho-feminism? ia mea i pane. Emma i kekahi o ka poe io manaoio i loko o ka maka kiekie ideals o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, aupuni a ka lehulehu. I anarchism, ma kona manao, hoikeia mai ke kūʻokoʻa o ka manaʻo, ka lunaʻikehala, olelo. Kona alo aku me kaʻoʻoleʻa? Aieao o ka centralized moku'āina, a ua manao wale, e hookauwa, hana ino i kekahi mau papa no ka pono o ka 'ē aʻe. Akā, ke kiʻiona hiʻona o ka "Red Emma" ua mea ia i ole hea e make no ka "hoomalamalama ana i ka manaʻo nui o ka wā e hiki mai." Ma ka aka, ua aloha ke ola, aloha i ka manaoio i ka wā e hiki mai loli. O kona poe enemi i ka poe no ka mea ola ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE cia.

O Emma i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni?

Hiki i keia manawa, i kekahi mau publicists a me nā kānaka moʻolelo noi i ka ninau: i laila i kekahi hoʻokahuli aupuni Emma? Ua mea maikaʻi i kona keʻehi mai i ka 1917 ma Rusia ma ka kahikoʻino waapa? Inā 'oe kālailai mea pono kālai'āina manao i loko o kēia mau mea nei i kahaha ko oukou naau. Pili aupuni activist Emma hele ma kēlāʻaoʻao o nā mea a pau i ka mau kiʻi o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o ka mea - e hookomo iho ia lakou iho i loko o ka manaʻo o ka wā e hiki mai kukui i loko o ka manaʻo o ke kipi. He pono ole i kekahi o ko lākou mau pono,ʻaʻohe manaʻo,ʻaʻohe mea,ʻaʻohe mea pākuʻi. ʻO nā moeʻuhane i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni e wale nō ia i ka incarnation o ka hāpai mau hana. Ua mea maoli i ka mea e ole ai no kekahi manawa kanalua ina e haawi aku i kona ola no ka alohilohi wā e hiki mai ideals.

Emma i ka mea he pono okoa manao. Ua mahaloia a idolized theorists o ka LūkiniʻOiʻenehana: Mikhail Bakunin, Sergeya Nechaeva, Nikolaya Ogarova. Akā, Emma i ole ka manao me ia ma ka manao o ka huina omo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻo. I manaʻo i ia mau manaʻo i okoa mai manaʻo nui moni ma Wall Street, i ua i bapetizoia loa i loko o kona hana ma ka pōʻalo o ka waiwai. No ke aha la hoonele ia oe iho i ke keka,ʻike hoʻokumu, olioli o ke ola no ke kipi? 'Aʻole i ke kūkulu i ka malamalama wā e hiki mai ka ia? A laila, no ke aha la e kaumaha ia manawa?

Emma manaʻo i ole olioli ke kanaka huli i loko o biorobot ma mindless holoholona, a alakai aku ai i ka make no ka mea e hoʻohoka wā e hiki mai pahu hopu. O kona mau hoa i ka poe e like me ia i hōʻole, e kaumaha ana no ka pono o he ao alohilohi i na hanauna e hiki. A pau i kēia paipai i ka aoao maoli nīnau hoʻokahi: ina Emma ua io hoʻokahuli aupuni? A i 'ole ka mea, ua pono i ka' elele o ka pae ana o kanaka i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e i ka inoa o "kivila ke kaiāulu kanaka,"?

kaua Emma

Emma Goldman kaua,ʻaʻole no ka mea Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o "ke kūkulu 'ana i kekahi huali wā e hiki mai", a no ka nui maopopo a me ka maʻamau na mea i i noʻonoʻo i waena o' Amelika anarchist revolutionaries mailuilu haalele, trifling: no ka moe okoa ana, mihi o ke kula o ka mare ana, abandonment o conscription a me na mea e ae.

US Aupuni i i noonoo i ka paipai 'ana i ole-Recruitment "trifling": i ka 1917 ua ka First World War. hoouna no hoi US allies kokua ole wale i ka mea a me ka oaoieei kākoʻo, akā, i ke alo o kona poe koa. Ano o Americans mea i makemake e hele i ke kaua, loaʻa i ka manaʻo o ka mahuka, a sabotaging i ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana e pili ana. No ia mea, Emma hana i loko o kēia wā o ka manawa, noonoo iho la pilikia loa. I ka 1917,ʻo ia, a he nui nā anarchists hoouna ia Rusia, kahi i ia manawa, ua lawe koke mai i ka Great OctoberʻOiʻenehana.

Lana ana aku, mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma luna o ka moku, a nana mai kahi mamao ma ka kia hoʻomanaʻo o Liberty, Emma mai nei, "A o keia aina i haʻaheo o ke ku okoa ana o ka olelo, nā kikowaena hoomaopopo, akā, au i deported no ka mea."

Hiki ana ma Rusia

Ke alanui i ko kakou aina hooeueu ae la i Emma. Ua noonoo Soviet Rusia oi pono aupuni, a e hōʻike i ka honua i kumu hoohalike. Kekahi makemake e ina ia he ikaika Lūkini aupuni a pau e hina ma lalo o ka hahau ana o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaua, i ke koena o ke aupuni o ka oi aku i ke ku imua o. Ua Emma, ua ike i ka moku'āina oiaio o na mea i loko o Soviet Rusia, holo ma luna o ka moku? Unknown. Ma keia manawa, Lenin, a me ka Bolsheviks loihi ku i hoolaaia mai a pau o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni koa i hopu mana, i hoouna aku ai i ka halepaahao, he nui wale anarchists a me ka pilina revolutionaries. Ua ua mua ka hoʻomaka ' "holoholona" o kona aoao lālā hoa o ka Menshevik'ēheu.

Halawai ana me Lenin

Emma Goldman Halawai nui revolutionaries ma ko kakou aina. Au hele, e hele aku e ike i ka anarchist Nestor Makhno, akā, ua hoʻomanaʻo ka oi aku e halawai me V. I. Leninym. Ua loa hoʻololi i ka heluia, o ke Kaiʻula Emma i ka RussianʻOiʻenehana. Emma a me Vladimir Ilyich i i makemake kekahi i kekahi. I ka luna o ka Lūkini kipi, a i manao e pili ana ia, akā, "Amerika ka noho pilikia loa wahine," manaʻo o kona pohihihi, akā, me ka io tinge. Emma manaʻo i ke kipi i ke ao nei i laʻana o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, kūʻokoʻa o ka ōlelo, ka hoʻomana, etc. naʻe, hoʻololi loa Lenin ka olelo a keia manao :. Lenin ma ka halawai mai la ia i keia mea wale no bourgeois prejudices.

I mea, o ka Bolshevik alakaʻi, i mai la bluntly i ke koko o hanana i loko o ko mākou'āina,ʻaʻole wale nō i i hoʻoikaika i ka kahua o nā mea a pau i ka hana, akā, ma ka mea ku ole, wale worsen. Makau a me ka weliweli - i kēia mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE ideals o hou ola kekahi. Maoli ai, i Emma hiki ole kākoʻo i kēia. I hope, palapala iho la o Lenin i "ua ÿike nö pehea e pāʻani ai ma luna o ka nawaliwali o kanaka malimali, Ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me nā mau mekala. Aʻu i noho manaʻo ia mea, ke loaʻa ma hope o kā lākou mau manao, e pakele no ia. " Ua ua ia ka poho, a me Lenin, a me na ideals o ka RussianʻOiʻenehana.

deportation hoʻi

I ka 1921, ua he paradoxical mea: Emma i hoʻouna ma ka moku hoʻi i kahi mea mua i deported - i loko o ka United States. Ke kumu o ka ia: ia i hōʻole, e malama noho malie.

I ka makahiki 1924, ua paʻi i kona puke "kaʻu Disillusionment i loko o Rusia." Ua hōʻike mai ana i keia wahine ua oiaio, i olelo wale i ka oiaio, i ole politically hoʻoili. No kekahi hiki ke hoopii i ka palaho, kekahi mau pono kuloko. Aia hoʻi, ka mea mua o ka paipai 'ana o anarchism i loko o ka United States. Ma hope o ka deported ia Rusia ia i ole kaua me ka "decadent Komohana." Ma ka aka, no ka mea, i ka iʻoi aku kahua o ke kanaka i loko o Rusia ma hope o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, ua hoomaka ae la e hoomalu aku i ka kemokalaka loina o ke West, no ka mea, ia ia, a hoouna hou.

Ke ano o ka puke "kaʻu Disillusionment ma Rusia" ku e mai ia nui wale na makamaka, leftist. Emma i i malama. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ka mea, ua manao - ka oiaio kanaka, e hai aku, alaila, He aha e oe i manaoio mai. hoopunipuni ia lakou iho, a me kekahi poe e ae no ka pono o ka wā pōkole, koho ua i kona kaila.

Ka pepehi kanaka o McKinley

Emma kēia wā, noonoo iho la konaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe komo i loko o ke koko o ka pelekikena 'Amelika. Eia naʻe, he wahi lihi iki o inconsistencies i loko o ka moʻolelo.

25th US Pelekikena William McKinley make ma September 14, 1901. Ka oihana mana Ua like penei: ke poʻo o ka moku'āina hiki ole Makuakane i ka hopena o ka kīmopō. September 5, 1901, "e hoolohe i ka ahi olelo Emma Goldman ma hope," ikaika loa anarchist Leon Frank Leon Czolgosz pana aku la ia i na manawa elua i loko o ka Peresidena ka ipu-American Exhibition ma Buffalo.

'ē coincidence

I ka pepehi ana o ka pelekikena American i ka 1901 mea ole pela mea.

Mua, ka mea e pāhaʻohaʻo hana malu. Mua, i ke koʻokoʻo nō i ka mea, ua ole i kekahi i kekahi hana kupua kanaka. A laila, heluhelu loli: Leon Czolgosz ku iho la no ka weliweli uluʻeleʻele waiter, ka mea, i ko lakou pilikia. A laila, no ke aha la e ole ka mea, i kekahi i ka pu i loko o ka lima o ka anarchist me ia? Ma ke ala, keia mea i ka waiter neutralized Leon Czolgosz puhi i ke poo a me kona mau lima ma hope o ka lua o ka pana.

ʻO ka lua, i ka wā e hiki mai pāhaʻohaʻo ana hanana. Ka Peresidena i ole e make koke. Eia hou kekahi, hoa a me ka hanauna koi ana ia ia e ola, mea ma luna o ka hoʻopaʻa. September 13, 1901 kaomi leo nui pu la-i McKinley hoʻomaka e ai paa ka ai,ʻo ia, e ola koke, a ma September 14, ka Peresidena make palaka.

Ma hope o kona make ana, lilo iho la oia e hana pelekikena Teodor Ruzvelt, i mea no i koe i ole e haele oukou pela mai ka pelekikena ailing. A iki ma hope,ʻo ia e lilo i ka mea mua loa o ka moku'āina.

Last pili aupuni ha awina Emma

Nolaila, owai la ka keia Emma Goldman? Kawaihae o keia wahine, oia mamo e maopopo mea ia mea - he laʻana e noho ana no ka naueue ole o nā manaʻo,'ōlelo kūpaʻa. All kanaka ma luna o nā makahiki, e hoʻololi i kā lākou e pili ana i na mea kekahi, olelo, e noonoo pono i ka mea, i ka wā pōkole, nawaliwali, boyish, a me kekahi poe e ae. Emma mea,ʻaʻole no ka manawa i hooki i ka manaoio i ko lakou ideals a hiki i ka wa a loaa ole i ka RussianʻOiʻenehana. Kona mau makahiki hope iho i hoolilo oia i ka paio pili aupuni: i ka 1936, hele i Sepania, e kākoʻo i ka Sepania anarchists ma ke Kanawai Kaua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka republican aupuni.

More e ola ana, ia eʻaʻole hoʻi i kona mau lua o'āina. May 14, 1940 Emma make o ka lolo haemorrhage. ʻO kona manaʻo, e kanu me ka pana kokoke na anarchists ma Chicago, no ka mea, o ka a hoomaka ae la ka paio no ka maikaʻi lehulehu.