GAZ-12 hoakaka a me nā kiʻi

Ka mua Soviet-papa kaʻa GAZ-12 (ZIM) i hua mai la i loko o nā nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao o ka Gorky ulia kaʻa Plant i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1949 a hiki i 1959. Ka mīkini ua papahana no na hana lālā wale o ke aupuni, papa kiʻekiʻe aoao alakaʻi.

pāhana

Development kükohu GAZ-12 i lawe mai i loko o ka pōkole manawa, aole he manawa e kūkulu i ka hou ka hale ma waho i nā mea kiko'î o ka mīkini, no laila, i ke kumu no ka 'Amelika i ka "Buick" kala i ka 1948. E hoʻokope i ka paia waho i ole hoʻohana wale i ke kumu o outlines.

oaoieei-ano

Kino GAZ-12 A i ke kani, a pau-'ōlinolino, ua kaawale maoli ua ole. E like me ka hookaawale kino hehee ai wale ka iiaciiie-Module hoʻohana ', a i kaa ma ka lalo o ka bulkhead hoʻopaʻa ihola. Au pono aku nei au i ka manao Buro o ka mea kanu i ea ae i kekahi kamepiula, e lawe me he kumu frameless, me he eono-seater kaʻa me nā lālaniʻekolu o nā noho manaoia muli o ke kumukūʻai o ka oolea ma ka lōʻihi o ka a hiki i wale i ka ikaika maoli 'ole o ka moana.

Naʻe, ua hooholoia na mea a pau i ka maikaʻi alanui: i ka pono lako o ke oolea i ua hana ma muli o i ka diagonal welded pauku aia ma ke kaa palaoa pelane. Pela ka mea, ua hiki ke emi ka huina kino kaumaha me ka poho o ka ikaika kaʻi lau waiwai.

Akā, i loko o ka papa o ka hana o ke kaa me ka kino GAZ-M-12 i hōʻike 'nui mā kena ae la ma ka poho o ka rigidity o ka i lawe i hehee wale. mall ikaika hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia ma muli o ia mau kamakawiwoʻole wahie, e like me ka stress, kena ae la ia ma ka pono ?? o ka mīkini i loko o ka lonikū pelane. E like me ka hopena o ka frameless koho o ke kino i ia e haalele.

unification

Initially, ka GAZ-12 A ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka lima, oiai ka hoomakaukau ana i nā moʻolelo ma ka pūkaʻina mea hoʻoili kaʻina. Mass? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ke kaʻa i. Ma muli o keʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka lōkahi, a ma kekahi ana i 50 pakeneka. He nui eiiiiiaiou a me na aha halawai ona i aie mai i ke kumu hoʻohālike o "eo ka M-20", GAZ-51 kona kalaka, a ma hope - GAZ-53-12, a ma ia manawa ua ma ka ulu ana.

mana kanu

Ma ke kaʻa hoʻouka kekahi hōʻano hou engine kinoea-11 me ka hana ana paukūʻolokaʻa nona 3485 CC. knm, 90 Hp, a i ka 120 kilomika no hora? ac? kinoea-12 kōmi.

Ke engine ano o ka mana o ka mokuna:

• ano o ke kola;
• helu o nā paukūʻolokaʻa - 6;
• Hahau ana - 110 mm o;
• paukūʻolokaʻa anawaena - 82 mm o;
• mīkini'opihia hiʻohiʻona - 6,7;
• meaʻai - carburetor K-21;
• anuanu maila ka wai;
• Kakolina hokii, i ka poʻe'ē he ano - 19 nā lika no 100 ei;
• Paipai wahie - kakolina A70, A72.

EYI

Ke kaʻa GAZ-12 Ua lako pono me ka manuale EYI me na kēia mau hiʻona:

• ʻano - hydromechanical synchronized;
• helu o ka wikiwiki - 3;
• kona kapa - helical paʻa;
• Management - mechanical e ka hoʻololiʻana une lōhai holo.

paia waho

Mawahoʻikepili o ke kaa i halawai mai na koi ana o ka manawa, e ua hoʻokōʻia i nā contours o ke kino, laumania nā mahele hana i ka manaʻo o ka pono o ka 'ole. Ua ua i nā mea kū i i hahaiʻia e nā mea a pau US Manufacturers o ka ohua kaa, ua i koe, a ZIM. GAZ-12 A i ka mua nunui-ka papa kaʻa, a, o ka papa, ke kaʻa i kekahi kumu o ka haaheo, e like me na kanaka haku a me ka poe kanaka no ka poe ia i manao.

Ke kaʻa ua komo i loko o nā mea a pau o ka aha lealea hōʻike, hōʻike ma ka Exhibition Center, i loko o ka lānai, "ke kaʻa hana o ka USSR." I loko nō o ka "hao pale" i ola i ka manawa ma waena o ka Land o ka Soviets a me ka Western aina e, i ka GAZ-12 i hoʻolilo ka lono, no ka hōʻike 'ia nei ma kaʻa hōʻike ma Pelelina, Madrid a me Paris.

Kalaiaina

Soviet Hawaii Kalaiaina i hoʻonaniʻia i loko e like me ka manaÿo o ka hana maʻamau ia wā. Ua uhi All metala wahi i loko o ke kāpena me ka Nani Loa kumu, a hoakaka pono waiwai ke ano o ka laau i hoʻohuiʻia ka manaʻo o ka hana maʻamau. maopopo leʻa Ua uhi ia ka palaoa i loko o ke kaʻa me ka hooponopono ana, i ka pilina i ka aneane piha leo'īpale.

E like me ka nui o ka hana maʻamau ma ke Keena Kalaiaina mea hoʻonani o ka 12-la kükohu i oi i kona wale aupuni ZIS-110, a i ole hoʻohana kekahi i loko o ke kaʻa'ōhua a ma ka ambulance, a ua manaoia i ka papa kiʻekiʻe ohua kaʻa hana i loko o ka USSR.

Kuai kaa ma kekahi lima

GAZ-12 A i ka mea mua a me ka hope kaʻa o ka hoohalike ai ka papa, a hiki ke kuai i kalepa. Ke kumu o ka mīkini a hiki i 1961, he 40 000 rubles. I ia manawa ka mea, ua he hailona o ke dala ia oe i noonoo i ka awelika uku o ka Soviet kanaka, aole ia i oi aku mamua o 650 rubles. Luxury kaʻa "A ia la aku M-20" loaʻa 16.000 rubles, a me "Moskvich-401" - eiwa tausani. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka lālani no ZIMom i hoalaala ia mai, akā, ka noiʻi a me ka pilikia o kaʻoe i kēia kaʻa i waiwai.

I ke kakahiaka nui seventies, ua he nui ke kāpaeʻana o GAZ-12 mai ka moku'āina kulanui. Mau kaa i loaa ia ia kekahi mea nona i hiki ke kuai i ka hou "Lada", i loaʻa ma kahi o elima tausani.

I kēia lā hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi ZIM, i kekahi manawa i ka loa unexpected wahi. Ma kekahi machines mea kiko'ī o ia i kona kalaka, ia mea inconceivable EYI, a me ka dukima o ka mea lahaʻole maomeka. Kaho ma ka hola piha kau - he rarity.

New pahaohao mai la, a me ka hope o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo

Ma ka pau ana o na 50s kükohu GAZ-12, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaka koke lilo kona kūlana. Ke global kaʻa pahaohao ho opa ao hoʻololi kuhikuhi, wahi a ka modernization o ke kanu lako a pan no ka hana ana i kino o ka fundamentally hou palapala.