He aha mea he teratogen? Kumu o congenital anomalies

Ma nā makahiki, i ka helu ana o na keiki i hanau i abnormalities o? Acaeoey, i ua steadily e māhuahua. O ke kumu ho i ka teratogenic 'ole (mai ka Helene, Teros ano e oia, freak) kumumea, ia mea i loko o utero kino ka maopopo kūlana. Ma keia hihia, he nui loa (aole nae i na manawa a pau) hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā kuleana o ka makuwahine o ka.

Penei, ka meʻe o Hugo ka Quasimodo ua nō i loko o ka opu mutilated kona makuwahine iho, pulls pu he pilipaa'ōpū i hāpai keiki i mea e kuai hou pipiʻi keiki-e oia. Ia mea i ka manaʻo o "teratogen" ike ai i kanaka loa aku nei.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka embryo hoʻonawaiwali

Ke degere o ka hoʻonawaiwali o ka fetus i hāpai keiki loli aʻe, kauka maopopo 3 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Keia kahua i na hora mua o ka gestation i ka 18 ia. I keia manawa, ina he mea he nui helu o ka poino keena, aia no he noho'na makaainana i ulu miscarriage. Inā ka abortion i ole ana, ke embryo hiki koke hoihoi pōʻino, ua make keena me ka poho i ka ola. Aloha kau, ma keia kahua elua wale aoao - kekahi ka embryo make, a me ke kino no hoi ia.
2. Ka lua o ke kahua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻonawaiwali nui o ka fetus. Ke kahua i 18 a hiki i 60 mau lā. Ka mea, iloko oia kau i hana i ka loa loa maʻi, i kekahi manawa, a me incompatible me ke ola. Kauka e olelo aku i ka noho pilikia loa malformations i hanaʻia mai ai i 36 mau lā ma hope ka mea, e emi haʻi, a me ka hoʻomaka ai infrequently, i helu i nā mā o ka urogenital'ōnaehana a me ka paakiki kīleo. A no ke aha la wahine me ka hāpai keiki no i ka ekolu mahina mea pinepine i ka pilikia o ka miscarriage. Ma keia manawa i mea e lawe malama ana i ko lakou mau ola, no ka mea, o ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka wā e hiki mai ola o kou bebe mea oi loa nui.
3. I loko o kēia wā, ke fetus ua paa ka hana nā loko a me kā lākou mau 'oihana, no laila lākou e ulu ai hiki ole e hewa. Akā, he mea i ka pilikia o ka ulu fetal, i ka make ana o ka nth helu o aeee, ka mea hōʻemi o kekahi o na kino. Ke loa kūlana keiki ka ko mākou hopohopo kahua.

Kind teratogens

Ka manawa "teratogenesis" (hanana o? Acaeoey mā) e māheleʻia i loko o nā 'ano - anomalies i kupu mai, mai adverse? Aneie' ole a me nā anomalies mai ana hereditary maʻi. Aka hoi, i ka manaʻo o "teratogen" i kapa wale nō i keʻano mua. Kēia Nine Inch, liluwelo a me ka 'ē aʻe e i congenital malformations o nā loko, a nenoai.

Mea Maluna teratogens like penei.

1. Nine Inch.
2. Ionizing pāhawewe.
3. Hewaʻaoʻao o ke ola hapai.
4. Maʻiʻaʻai.

Nine Inch e like teratogen

Kēlā me kēia pharmacist hōʻoia ana i kekahi Nine Inch meaʻawahia i loko o nā māhele kiʻekiʻe no ke kino. He oi loa oiaio o hapai na wahine, a ua nui ke akahele i koho ka lapaʻauʻia ina mea ua pono.

Ka papa inoa o nā Nine Inch e hiki ke pilikia i ka fetus, mau moʻolelo, Hele akula, ua hiki ole ke olelo i kekahi waiwai o keia papa like me ka teratogen ua nakinaki aku la ia, i ka i malformations, eia nae ai 'kekahi hiki nae i hoʻonui i ka pilikia o keia kŰia ma 2-3. He mea maopopo loa hoʻokumu i ka noho pilikia loa ai 'au trimester o ka hāpai keiki, akā, i ko lakou mau kanawai i trimesters II a III uaʻaʻole maopopo maopopo. Ua ua ike no wale detrimental kanawai o ka thalidomide, pakahi aku la ia i ka 34-50 lā o ka gestation.

Ka nui p ÷ ino i hapai ho i ke omoāea o Hereme, toluene, benzene, hlordifenil a me kona nā mea loaʻa. A me na kēia pae o ka ai '.

1. Tetracyclines (antibiotics).
2. Valproicʻakika, hoʻohana 'ia ma convulsions a me epilepsy, e like me trimethadione.
3. "Busulfan" (la hoomalolo ia ma ka leukemias).
4. Androgen hōmona hana.
5. "Captopril", "Enalapril" (hōʻike ma ka hypertension).
6. Iodine i huiʻia.
7. "MTX" (ka lawe i immunosuppressive kanawai).
8. Likiuma kalepona.
9. "Tiamazol" (thyrostatic ano).
10. "Penicillamine" (hoʻohana 'ia i loko o autoimmune reactions).
11. "Isotretinoin" (he mea like o ka wikamina A).
12. "Diethylstilbestrol" (hōmona hoʻomākaukau).
13. "Thalidomide" (e hiamoe ana huaale).
14. "Cyclophosphamide" (Anati-Ka maʻi 'aʻai lāʻau).
15. "Etretinat" (hoʻohana no ka ili maʻi).

No ka mea, o ka hopena maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka fetus nā pūʻulu o ka ai 'ia i loko o loa okoa maʻi, i hoakaka ia lapaʻau hāpai keiki e e loa makaala lakou. Mai poina e waiho i kekahi kauka ma ka hiʻona ana au i loko o hoʻomoana.

ionizing pāhawewe

No ka ionizing pāhawewe loaʻa ka US (eia nae ua lōʻihi kauka ike ia appreciable ino i ka fetus ultrasound 'Aʻole e holopono ana), umauma X-kukuna, X-kukuna a me ka' ē noiʻi epekema e Komo i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ionizing ale.

Other examples o teratogens - keia ulia me ke kala o ka radioactive 'ona i loko o ke kaiapuni, radioactive iodine Inc, radiotherapy.

Infectious konohiki a me ka hāpai keiki

Mai ke keiki i ke kiekie o ka permeability, aia no he pilikia o ka abortion a intrauterine fetal maʻiʻaʻai me ka helu o nā maʻi. Maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka mua 7 pule o ka hāpai keiki mea hiki ke alakai i ka fetal abnormalities i mea incompatible me ke ola. Maʻiʻaʻai ana o ke keiki i loko o hope kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ke alakai i ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ke keiki.

Ua mea noteworthy i ka nui o ka oolea o ka maʻi hoikeana i ka hapai keiki, a embryo e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane.

Teratogenic ololi lawa ka kēia nā mea palahēhē:

• toxoplasmosis;
• cytomegalovirus;
• HerpesʻAno I a me II;
• rubella;
• syphilis;
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis;
• varicella-zoster mea hoʻomaʻi.

I undesirable hopena no ka keiki entails he chlamydia maʻiʻaʻai a me ka hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia i loko o ke kino o ka hapai wahine.

Hewaʻaoʻao o ke ola o ka hapai

Na wahine a pau e noho ana ma ka oihana, e e kuleana no ke ola a me ka ola o kana keiki, pono no ia mea, mai mea iki aku i kekahi ka waiʻona, momoku a hiki excessive inu kope. K kumumea i nā teratogenic lāʻau kaukaʻi, pesticides hoʻohana ma ka mahiai hana, me ka pauka, a me cleaners.

He nui no ka pono kino a me ka ae ho'āʻo ana nā palapala devoid o ka pono keia mau mea waiwai o ka meaʻai. E e kukulu i kaʻai i loko o ia i ke alanui i ka hapai ana i nā mea a pau e pono ai no ka hooulu ana o ka fetus. No ka laʻana, kumuʻiʻo deficiency hiki aku ai i fetal malnutrition. wahine kino Pono ka micronutrients e like me selenium, kiniki, iodine, kēpau, manganese, fluorine. Keʻai pono no hoi ia i ka lawa nui o ke kalipuna a me nā wikamina.

Other teratogens

Ma fetal pathologies hiki i mimikō, goiter, phenylketonuria a me ka hikoko a hoʻoulu i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o androgen hormones. Nō hoʻi, kauka manaoio i ka fetus mea pilikia overheating, nele o folicʻakika.

Teratogenic haawiia i nā kumumea helu ma luna. Kēia manaʻo nā mea a pau e hiki ma loko o ka maʻamau kūpono 'ana o ke fetus, a alakai i anomalies. Auwe, mau kumumea loa nui, no laila, i ka wahine hāpai keiki i ka mea nui e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ko lakou ola, a no kou kino.