He aha nā'ele'ele? 'O ke kikowaena o nā kora hao. Ores o Rusia

Ma waho o ka aila maikaʻi-ike a me ka kinoea, he mea'ē aʻe nui nā minelala hao. 'O kēia mau mea he mau'ona, i lawe'ia no ka hana'ana o nā metala momona a me nā mea non-ferrous ma ka hana'ana. 'O ka noho'ana o nā mea hō'ailona ka waiwai o kekahi'āina.

He aha nā'ele'ele?

Ke pane nei kēlā me kēia'epekema i kēia nīnau ma kāna'ano iho. Ke ho'ākāka nei'o Mineralogy i ka'ili ma ke'ano he'āpana o nā alumina,'o ka ho'ona'auao'ana i mea e pono ai ka ho'one'e'ana o nā mea nui loa, a ke nānā'ia ka'enekino i ka papa hana o ke kola i mea e'ike ai i ka pono a me ka nui o ka helu o nā metala waiwai.

Ke ho'omana'o nei ka honua i ka nīnau: "he aha nā mea?" Mai ka'ike'ana i ka holomua o kā lākou'oihana'oihana, no ka mea,'o kēia hana'epekema ke a'o nei i ka hanana a me nā hana i hana'ia i loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua, nā kūlana no ke kūkulu'ana i nā pōhaku a me nā mineral. He pani lākou i nā wahi ma luna o ka honua, a ma muli o ke'ano o ka hana honua, ua ho'onui'ia ka nui o nā kolekola no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'oihana'oihana.

Ka hana'ana i nā ores

No laila, ka pane piha loa i ka nīnau "he aha ka mea maika'i'ole?" Penei. 'O Ore ka pōhaku me kahi'oihana'oihana o nā metala i loko. I kēia wale nō, he waiwai kona. Ho'okumu'ia nā ohe'ano i ka manawa e ho'onani ai ka pelemaka, kahi i loko o kā lākou pūnaewele. I ka manawa like, e kilo ana lākou, a mahele'ia e like me ka nui o ko lākou māmā māmā. 'O ka po'e māmā loa e noho i lalo o ka pelemaka a ho'oka'awale'ia i kahi papa. 'O kekahi mau'ano'ele'ele he mau pōhaku, a'o ka wai hydrothermal i koe mai ka pelemaka e laha ana i loko o nā pahu. 'O nā kumuhana i loko o ia mea, ho'okūpa'a, nā veins'ano. Pohaku, e hina no ka ma lalo o ka aoao o maoli koa, e waiho ma ka lalo o ka loko iʻa, ho okumu i sediment. Ma muli o ka hana'ana o nā pōhaku, ua hana'ia nā'ano o nā metala.

'Oko Ore

'O nā'ano o kēia mau'enela e'ano like'ole. He aha nā'ohe,'o ke'ano, he hao? Inā ua pa'a ka'ōpala no ka hana hana'enehana, ua kapa'ia'o ka hao. 'Oko'a ka pilina, ke mele memele, a me ka helu o nā metala a me nā mea'ino e pono ai. Nō kāu, ua hele pū ana ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia, e like me chromium a nikala, akā, ma laila nō i nā palapala - luaipele a me phosphorus.

Ke Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka hao i eliia a hooku iho la kona likeʻole oxides a me hydroxides, a carbonicʻakika paʻakai o ka hao'okesaside. 'O nā mea i ho'omohala'ia e komo pū me ka'ula'ula, ke koko a me ka hao hao, a me ka hao - ua mana'o'ia he mea momona a'oi aku i loko o ka 50% o ke kinona. Loa'a ka po'e'ilihune i ka mea i emi'ole ka papahana ho'ohana - 25%.

'Ohui o ke ko'i hao

'O ka hao hao he mea hao o ka hao. Aia i loko o ka 70% o nā'āpana ma'ema'e, akā, i loko o nā waihona, loa'a ia me ka sulfur pyrite, ai kekahi manawa me ka zinc blende a me nā mea'ē a'e. Hana'ia ka'ilima hao he maika'i loa o nā ores ho'ohana. 'O ka'ili kukui e hiki i ka 70% o ka hao. 'Oko hao hao - hao hao - kekahi o nā kumu o ka unuhi'ana o nā mea kila. 'O nā analogues'ele'ele he 60% o ka'enehana me nā mea kūpono'ole, ai kekahi manawa he mea'ino. Ka mea, e koʻana koko hao'okesaside , a hele pu me ia e aneane a pau hao i eliia. Hiki nō ho'i iā lākou e ma'alahi ka unuhi'ana, ka hana'ana, akā,'o ka mea i loa'a mai i kēia'ano o ke kola, he'ano li'ili'i.

Wahi a kahi i ho'okumu'ia ai ka hao hao, ua māhele'ia i'ekolu mau hui nui.

1. Endogenous, a i'ole magmatogenic. 'O ke kumu o ke kūkulu'ia'ana ma muli o nā hana hana honua e hana'ia ana ma ka hohonu o ka lepo o ka honua, nā mea kūmāmā.
2. Ua hana'ia nā mea nui, a'oi'ole paha, nā waihona no ka hana i loko o ka'āpana kokoke kokoke o ka lepo o ka honua,'o ia ho'i, ma lalo o nā loko, nā muliwai, nā moana.
3. 'O nā metamorphogenic kaomi i hana'ia i kahi hohonu kūpono mai ka honua o ka honua ma lalo o ka mana o ka pi'i ki'eki'e a me nā'ano wela like.

'O nā ho'opi'i hao hao ma ka'āina

Ua waiwai'o Rusia ma nā waihona kālā'ē a'e. Ka honua ka nui - o ka Kurskʻume mākenēki Anomaly, ec aneane 50% o ka honua me ke koe. Ma kēia māhele 'āina, no kaʻume mākenēki anomaly i malama ia ma ka XVIII kenekulia, akā, no ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻokomo kālā hoomaka wale i loko o na 30s o ka hope kenekulia. 'O nā kūlana o nā ores i loko o kēia kī'aha he ki'eki'e i loko o nā mea'ala maika'i, ua ana'ia lākou i nā piliona haneli, a'o ka ho'oku'u'ia'ana e mālama'ia e kahi māhele a i'ole ke kula.

'O ka Bakmar mea hao hao,'o ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa i ka'āina a me ka honua, ua'ike'ia ma nā 60 o ke kenekulia i hala. 'O nā lālā ho'olālā i loko o ia me ka ho'omau'ana o ka hao ma'ema'e a hiki i 60%, aia 30 30 toni.

Ma ka Territory'o Krasnoyarsk aia kahi ho'oku'u'o Abagas - me nā'ae momona. Aia nō i loko o nā 30s o ke kenekulia i hala, akā,'a'ole i hiki i ka hapalua o ke kenekulia i kūkulu'ia. Ma nā'āpana'ākau a me ka hema o ke kī'aha, hana'ia ka mining ma ke ala ākea, a'o ka huina pono o nā mālama he 73 miliona mau kaona.

Ua wehe'ia e like me ka makahiki 1856, ua hana mau ka waihona waiwai hao'o Abakan. 'O ka mea mua, ua hana'ia kēia ho'olālā ma ke alanui ākea, a mai ke 60 mai o ka XX XX - ma kahi hana lepo ma kahi hohonu a hiki i 400 mita. 'O ka helu o ka mea kila ma'ema'e i ke kola ua hiki i 48%.

Nickel ores

He aha nā nickel ores? 'O nā'ano'enela, nā mea i ho'ohana'ia no ka hana'enehana o kēia kinikona, ua kapa'ia he'ilio nickel. 'O nā mineral sulfate nickel i loa'a me kahi'āpana kila maika'i e hiki i ka'ehā pakeneka a me nā'eke nickel silicate, a like ke'ano he 2.9%. 'O ka'ano mua o ka waiho'ana i ka manawa ma'amau, a'o ka'ilika silicate ma kahi o ka'ōwili.

'O ke ulu'ana o ka'oihana nickel i Rusia e pili ana i ka ho'onui'ana i ko lākou wahi ma ka Middle Urals i ka waenakonu o ke XIX. 'O kahi kokoke i 85% o nā mālama'āina sulfures ke ho'omalu'ia nei ma ka Norilsk. 'O nā waihona ma Taimyr ma ka waiwai nui o nā mālama'āina a me ka nui o nā melaki - ka mea nui loa a me ke kūlana o ka honua, aia 56 mau waihona o ka papa'aina. 'O ka maika'i o nā nickel ores'a'ole ia i emi iki i nā'āina'ē a'e,'o ka pōmaika'i ho'i, aia nō i loko o ia mau mea nāwaliwali.

Ma kahi o 10 pakeneka o nā kumu o ka nickel i kau'ia ma ka Kola Peninsula, a ua kūkulu'ia nā waihona silicate i ka Middle and Southern Urals.

Ua'ike'ia nā ores o Rusia e ka nui a me ke'ano e pono ai no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'oihana'oihana. Eia nō na'e, i ka manawa like, ua'ike'ia lākou i nā'ano ho'oku'u kūlohelohe ma'amau, kahi'ole i ho'ohālike'ia ma ka'āina o ka'āina, kahi māhele ma waena o ka'āina kahi e loa'a ai nā kumuwaiwai a me ka'ano o ka lāhui.