Pohaku. Mea Maluna.

Education, oia o nā minelala hao, a kupu mai loko paha ma luna o kaʻili o ka honua, ma lalo o kekahi 'ā ina hana hea kapaia "pohaku". Ka mea i hana i kekahi 4,6 ieeeea? A £. Makahiki aku nei, a i kekahi mau hale a me nā waihoʻoluʻu.

Ma kona Kinohi pōhaku e maheleia i ekolu hoailona ia mea: sedimentary, igneous a me ka metamorphic.

Ka hui mua o nā minelala hao ua hanaʻia ma luna o ka ili o ka pńpa. Breeds o keia ano e hana ma ka hoʻomāhuahua o sediments ma luna o ka'āina, a ma ka wai kino a me kā lākou mahope sedimentation ma lalo o ka aoao o ka umekaumaha. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ano o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o:

• Nine pōhaku. Kēia pūʻulu o nā minelala hao i hana mai koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ka mahuaola, like hoʻi me holoholona, a kanu residues loaa ma ka lalo o ka moana, o ic ?? a me ka moana. Mau nā paʻakai a me ka potasiuma paakai, waihoia ma ka lalo o ka wai kino, ka silica i, aia i loko o ka hoki, e like me mōʻalihaku (aila, kinoea, lanahu), phosphates a me limestone (iwi pōhaku, chalk a me kekahi poe e ae.). He nui nā minelala hao o keia pae i ke kūlana pona hionapāʻili.

• Clastic. I hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o weathering a neʻe māhele pōhākau makani a me ka hauneneʻe ka wai a me kā lākou mahope hoʻomāhuahua. E like me ka hopena, ka mea, ua oi ka hoʻokaumahaʻia, a wāwahi ihola lākou. E like me kona nui, he mea uuku, meakino, a me ka lohi pohaku. Mau nā minelala hao nāʻiliʻili, iliili, ke one, iliili, palolo.

Igneous pōhaku ho i crystallization o ka waiwai i hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka hohonu o ka Honua - pelemaka. Ka mea, e i oi aku mamua o 65% o ka huina o ka leo o ka Honua ka pńpa aʻo ka loa, he pono ole nā minelala hao.

Ka pelemaka he silicate haku mele 'ana, he paʻa kūhohonu loa wai ka ohu a me ka kinoea, a maule iho la i ka 1.200 degere. Ua hele mai ai i ka ili honua wale n? Ma lalo o ka aoao o na 'ā ina aʻe, a anuanu, crystallizes a ano o ka pohaku, e like me ka pōhakuʻalā, māpala, olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles.

Magmatic nā minelala hao e māheleʻia i loko o intrusive a me ka effusive.

• Intrusive pōhaku i hoonoho iho i loko o ka lepo ma ka lepo ka hohonu. Ka mea, i maikaʻi crystallization a me, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka anahonua, a kinona, subdivided i batholiths (i nui nui like 'ole), dykes (i ke omo' ole, a ua hanaʻia ma ka hoopiha ana mawae), kāna mau 'ōlelo (lahilahi a me ka lōʻihi ma ka lōʻihi).
• Ke effusive me ka ho okumu e ala mai ka wā exiting pelemaka mawaho, a me ka neraskristallizovannogo haku o ka lua pele aniani. I waena o nā pōhaku o kēia 'ano, he kūlana nunui pōhakuʻalā plateau a me ka pele sinters.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hohonu ma i ka pelemaka i, ma laila nōʻekolu pūʻulu o igneous pōhaku:

• Plutonic - e hana i loko o ka hapa malalo o ka Honua ka pńpa (hapa 'ia' ole loa). No kēiaʻano o nā minelala hao nā māpala.
• Lua - i hanaʻia ma luna o kaʻili kai. Mau nā nā minelala hao e like me ole andesite.
• Hypabyssal - i hoʻomaka ai ka wā ka pelemaka e hoopiha mai ana mawae ma ka na pohaku. Kēia pūʻulu hiki ke wahi pegmatites.

Metamorphic pōhaku. Kēiaʻano nā minelala hao ho igneous paha sedimentary nā minelala hao a, i loko o ka honua, undergo mea hou. Loli ma ka hopena o ke ana wela like, puʻe paha Nine Inch hana kūleʻa i keʻano o ka hou hionapāʻili a me ka 'ole o nā pōhaku me ka hoohuoi ana me kona Nine Inch haku mele' ana. E like me ka hopena, kekahi me kekahi mea pōhaku mahele heheʻe i ka a me ka noho male 'hoohuliia mai i kekahi oi paa a me ka hoʻopale. No ka laʻana, limestone ua hoohuliia mai i loko o ke kinikini, a māpala ma gneiss, sandstone a me ka pōaka.

Ke'ī mai, i ka pōhaku o metamorphic, sedimentary a me igneous me Kinohi pu e i ka mānoanoa o ka pńpa. Mau nā minelala hao i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o nā minelala hao ia ma ka ke kanaka no ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiuo.