He aha nō i ka hale waihona puke: mōʻaukala o ka molekumu o,? Ueo a me nā hōʻike manaʻo

Kahaha ko oukou naau kanaka o ka hanaia'na o ka buke, a me ka hale waihona puke - he integral hapa o ka moʻomeheu o kēlā me kēia aupuni. Likhachev Dmitry Sergeyevich hookahi no pono aku la ia ina ka puʻu e hoonohonoho, laila maoli hoʻomaha i ka moʻomeheu, a hiki ina e nalo na kula. Akā,ʻaʻole maopopo kanaka a pau i mea e pono ai nā hale waihona puke.

ka nele no ka hale waihona puke

I ka wā kahiko hale waihona puke, he mau repositories o nā moʻolelo i kākau lima, a ma hope o nā manawa kahiko, ua lilo iho la lakou i loko o kaiāulu-oaio? A, a he e hoʻolaulaha ike. Rusia ike aku la ia i ka mea mua manawa hanohano i loko o ka XI-XII kenekulia.

I kēia lā i loko o kēia wahi 'oe e' imi i ka loa okoa puke mai ka makemake ia wahi no ka hana, study, a e leʻaleʻa. No laila, no ke aha la e mākou pono ai nā hale waihona puke?

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka hale waihona puke - ka hui ana o ka ohi, malama ana a me ka nohona pono o ka buke, a me nā paʻi puke. Initially, i ka hale waihona puke e pono ai no ke aʻo 'ana a me ka e loaa ka ike. Ka mea, e pono ai nā mea a pau: kamaliʻi keiki, kula keiki, nā haumāna, a me nā pensioners haumana.

ʻepekema, ua maopopo i ke kanaka lolo ke paa i oi aku ka 'ike ma mua o ka Waihona Puke o ka Ahaolelo o Amerika. Eia naʻe, kanaka i ole i aoia e hoʻohana i nā nā papaha o ka lolo, no laila, puke hale kūʻai eʻaʻole nalo, a e e pono ai. Ano a pau i ike i ka mea e pono ai nā hale waihona puke.

Ka mua waihona

Back i nā lā kahiko ma Asia hoʻokumuʻia ka ai-kapaia hale waihona puke. Ma Nippur hanana lehulehu o ka lepo o na papa io i ua loaʻa (2500 BC), a ua kapaia ka primitive puke depository. A iki hope i loko o ka pyramid o Parao loaʻa papyri.

I ka ha o ka kenekulia BC Heracles wehe i ka mua i loko o ka ai-kapaia hamama Greece ka hale waihona puke. I ke kolu o ka kenekulia BC hoʻokumu Alexandria waihona o ka puke, a ua deservedly manao me he colossal kikowaena o ke au kahiko o puke. Ka waihona nā astroobservatorii, botany a me ka zoology nā mahinaʻai, keʻena no ka ola, a no kaʻikepili o ka puke. A iki ma hope ka mea i huli mai i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a ua hoopihaia me ka hoʻokomo akula holoholona, kiʻi a me nā accessories no ka lāʻau a me ka kilohōkū. It E e kaulana ia i kūkulu ia iauaeoia ma nā keʻena kapu. Anei i ka waihona e pono ai? I ia mau lā, i ole noi i kēia nīnau. People Kakau iho la ia i ko lakou ike skillfully e lawe i na hanauna e hiki.

waiwai moʻolelo i kākau lima

Ma ka Middle Ages i loko o ka Lūkini monastic hale waihona puke hoʻohana pōʻeleʻele loa, e rewrite i nā moʻolelo i kākau lima. Pinepine mānewanewa paiia o ka ekalesia. Stitch moʻolelo i kākau lima ua loa paʻakikī a me ka manawa-e hoopau ana kaʻina, akā, no ka mea, o ka puke i ka lani kiekie loa waiwai. I mea no ke aha la i loko o kūikawā vaults ka mea i hoopaaia.

I ka wa i paʻi hale, nā hale waihona puke, ua loli dramatically ke ola, no ka mea, ka mea, ua oki no ka hana e like me ka palapala. Ua lilo loa hikiwawe loa depositories kālā. Ua pili loa ka mea, lilo ka wā i hele mai i ka wā o ka nuipa a prisovokupleniem i kaʻike heluhelu. Hana mākou pono i ka waihona ma ka 21st kenekulia, ia mea paakiki e pane. He nui nā kanaka makemake kikohoʻe, akā, ka mea makemake i ua ola me ka maoli buke.

'ano o nā hale waihona puke

County hiki e:

• ke aupuni;
• kēia māhele 'āina;
• lehulehu;
• kūikawā;
• no ka poe makapo;
• kulanui;
• ke kula;
• ohana.

He kumukuai he kokoke nana, aha la oe i makemake o kēlā me kēia 'ano o ka hale waihona puke.

National heluhelu lumi ke hoʻololi i ka malama a me ka kumu hoʻomalu unhindered komo i pai ia paʻi puke hoopuka ia ma ka moku'āina. No ka replenishment, kekahi aina hoopili ana i na rula o ka OAXA hāpana.

Clarita - he mahele o ka luna-i hoike ia hui, i mea e pono ai e noho mamao mai hoʻokiwikā nā kupa. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka puʻu no hoi i na kuleana e loaa i ka OAXA hāpana.

Ka lehulehu waihona mea hoʻohana i ka pono e loaaʻi ka ike i ka mea i pili loa a me ka mahalo moʻokalaleo. Anei i ka hale waihona puke pono i loko o ka mīkini makahiki? Keia ninau, ua noi pinepine ae la oia. Akā, wale no ka mea e hiki ke hoola hale waihona puke 'epekema a me ka palapala, ai' hoʻoilina o ko ke ao nei a pau.

kūikawā puke depository

Ma kūikawā hale waihona puke hūnā ka paʻi ana i keia, e like me Sila Nui, moku'āina mau hae a pepa mele. Pinepine, i kēia mau heluhelu keena hana ma ka pono, e hoola i ka puke ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu.

Waihona Puke no ka mea makapo e leie aku makapō a me ka poʻe heluhelu e ike poorly, e nānā i ka 'ike. Ma ia mau kukuluia'na hūnā nā leo buke, a mau buke e i kākauʻia e ke kuikawa Font. State Library no ka Wa ua noʻonoʻo i ka nui i loko o Rusia, no ka mea, koe nae na buke i bulky Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i ka makapo ke loaa ka ike lea i ke ano o keʻano o nā 'ikamu.

Books - keia ike!

Kula a me ka hale waihona puke ma kulanui i moʻokalaleo haumāna. Lākou peculiarity mea i ka mea, e malama aku i ka puali ololi pōʻai o mea hoʻohana. Eia naʻe, e hiki hālāwai i ke kulanui heluhelu lumi me ka noa ke kula. Ua loaʻa ka wā e hiki mai no ka hale waihona puke? Kēia nīnau i noi ai i ke kālā no nā haumāna. Loa mai la i - e ka mea hou aku e like kikohoʻe buke, a me nā leo puke.

'Aʻole i lōʻihi aku nei, i loko o nā hale waihona puke, he hou a - kaʻike kamepiula hale waihona puke. Kekahi mea hoʻohana me ka hookipaia ma ka punaewele i ka hiki e download Na kekahi puke, mai hana kūikawā hoʻopunipuni. Ke kaikaina hanauna haʻalele manaʻo i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka uila depositories. Akā, mua kanaka makemake i ke "ola" puke.

mea kūkulu hale waihona puke

Nā puʻu o nā mea hoʻohana hiki ke hookauwa aku ma nā 'ano apau loa. Ma ka hihia mua, o ka mea heluhelu loaʻa iā ia kekahi o ka 'iaE. Ma keia alahele hiki ke loaa mai i ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi puke no ka hoakaka manawa. Kekahi ano o ka hana o ka heluhelu lumi:ʻaneʻi i ka mea hoʻohana ke heluhelu i kou paʻi puke wale nō i loko o ka hale waihona puke.

Ke nui ano o ka heluhelu ana i ka keena a me mall kālā. Part o ka paʻi puke e heluhelu i waena o ka loa ka manaʻo, ka pinepine i loko o ka lehulehu kikowaena, kahi o ka malihini i ka manawa kūpono e nānā i koke ia. e mālama a pau'ē aʻe a paʻi ma ka pūnaewele, a me ka mea heluhelu ke kiʻi ia ma ke Kahua.

Dilapidated pohihihi a paʻi, e like me na buke, i hiki ke mālama i ka moku'āina malu o ka nui, ua puka wale nō ma luna o ka kūikawā komo.

E hiki no hoi loaʻa lawe lima huahelu o ka hale waihona puke i kōkua ka hookipaia ana o ka heluna kanaka, mai keʻena mau mea a hiki i na buke, a me ka punaewele. Keia ano o ka hana hoʻohanaʻia e kanaka me ke kino kīnā, e like me ka pono i nā kupa o ka poe home.

I kēia lā modernized hale waihona puke a me kā lākou i hoiliili i ole wale paiia puke, akā, i microfilms, ho one ei, palapala ma ka lolouila format. Mua ole i kekahi waihona hiki ole ke hana me ka lolouila, no laila ia e ia i loko o ke koi ole wale i ka mua o ka hanauna, akā, i ke kālā no schoolchildren haumāna a me ka.

Ano, ia oe i ka mea i pono ai, a ua hiki ole i ka hale waihona puke hana ole ia.