"He make i ka haku mele ..." Ke Kumu Holoholomoku Lermontov ka "Make ana o ka haku mele". ʻO wai ka mea i laʻa Lermontov "Makeʻana o ka haku mele"?

Pushkin a me Lermontov - mau inoa i ka mea kūpono i ka e puni no kekahi mau kumu. Mua, ka mea, e like wahi i loko o ke akamai. A, mōʻaukala iho hooholoiaʻi e lilo i ka make ana o kekahi i ka springboard i nā nationwide hiʻona.

elua o ka ano akamai

A hiki i ka makahiki 1837, ke aʻo 'ana e pili ana i ka ona Reuʻela,ʻo ia, mortally hoehaia, a laila, i ka make ana o Pushkin, Lermontov kākau ihola ka mournful "pepehi haku mele ...",ʻo ia iā ia iho i kona mau lā kaulana i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Makakū Kawaihae Mikhail Yurevich hoomaka i kakahiaka nui, i kona pilialoha poem lā hoʻi i 1828-1829 makahiki. Ua Ua ulu hoʻomaka koke i ka lyricist ia i mea kipi, lono kaumaha, Byronic neeaaa. No noteworthy nō i kona aloha poem - "kanaka ilihune", "E hana oe i kou wawae ..." a me na mea e ae, hoike hou aku ai i ka mea heluhelu i ka hohonu hana keaka o Lermontov ka hana. A me ka kivila, hoʻokahuli aupuni eheu, poetry hewaʻiʻo he wahi lihi iki o ka noonoo. Ua ka manawa e apprenticeship ua pōkole no Mikhail Yurevich. Koʻikoʻi kākau'ōlelo o ka ia me ka mahalo a me ka wńnana i ka wā e hiki mai nui. A me kona kiʻi, uhane kumu a me ka mentor o Pushkin, Lermontov olelo mai. No ka mea, me kaʻeha e like me ka ka poino, oia kākau: "He make i ka haku mele ..."

Legends a me na lono

ka mea, ua i kino kama'āina - ka mea, he mea hiki ole. ʻOiai moʻolelo a me nā biographers, iki ma ka iki, e hōʻiliʻili i ka 'ike ma luna o kanaka nui, he nui nō koe IKE OLE IA. No laila, i loko o kēia hihia - ka mea i ike - malia wehe loa mua na mea ike ole kūʻiʻo, a me ka mea huli mai i ka haku mele i make ai, 'o ia hoʻi, Pushkin, nō ma ka liʻiliʻi loaʻana mai ma mua o kona hiki lulu lima me Lermontov a hookahe no me ia, i ka launa hua'ōlelo ... I ka loa liʻiliʻi loa, ae hoa ka mea, ua lako. Gogol a me ka 'ohana Karamzin, Zhukovsky a me Smirnova-Rosset, Odoyevski. ʻO ke kaikaina o Alexander, ka hooikaika playboy Lovushka, kulou iho la ia me Lermontov ma Pyatigorsk a me Michel hōʻike kū'ē i ka hakakā me ka "Keko" - he hoohiki "hoa" a me ka wā e hiki mai ana o kona mau kai Martynov. Aia iʻauhau'ēʻaʻe lono i nā ano akamai i ike - he uuku naita ma aoao ma Vsevolozhsk. Eia naʻe, e hoʻokokoke i kona kiʻi Mikhail i ole kekahi, ae la kona oili, a me nā mea a pau o ko Pushkin ka manawa kekahi distracted ... Pēlā i make ai i ka haku mele, me kamailio pu ana me kona wā e hiki mai hope o ka papa, i ua i ke ano o ke ola no nā: e pili ana iʻike hoʻokumu. Akā, ka mea, ua ike ia Pushkin i pinepine kuhikuhi mai i ka ikaika a me ka hohonu, maikaʻi loa na hoailona o ka kiʻekiʻe tālena Lermontov.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

No laila, e hoomaka ana ma Pepeluali 1837 walawala Petersburg, Moscow, a laila, i ka pau ana o Rusia mau hanana, paha like nui. Ka mua - i ka "lā o Lūkini poetry ka napoo ana" i Pushkin make. A me ka lua o ka -, he pono ole i na kahua kaua, a hoʻopaʻanaʻau, leafless uila'ākau kapikala, i ka huina hoonui o ka "Make o ka haku mele." Ke Kumu Holoholomoku Lermontov lilo hoahewa naita ma lehulehu a me ka hai ana i loko o ka poetic nohoalii pii i ka hou, ke uncrowned ke alii. E hana ma ka huina hoonui, apparently, Lermontov hoomaka i koke me ia i lohe na lono e pili ana i ka ona Reuʻela,ʻo ia a me ka eha. Ke Edition mua aʻe hoʻi a hiki i Pepeluali 9 (January 28), ka wā nō i kahu mālama i ka manaolana i Pushkin makemake ola. Oiai, ma anticipation o ka lono kaumaha denouement, Mikhail welau a me ka hopuna'ōlelo "A ma kona mau lehelehe Print ...".

"No ka Make ana o ka haku mele" (Lermontov ka pauku) inā ma ka, penei 16 laina o Pepeluali 10, ka wā e lilo ikeia i Pushkin mea ole hou. Ua i laila, ma hope kaulana kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa pa pulehu, Lermontov ka hana i rewritten na tausani o ka manawa, e hoʻopaʻanaʻau.

"A haku mele i loko o Rusia - oi ma mua o ka haku mele!"

ka poem o ka hiʻona ua hiki ia i ka 'ilikai i ka mea, ua lohe e pili ana i ka "nui kanaka". ka Auguseto ka naoh ua koke - i ka hopu ia ana o ka hale, a laila, i ka kekahi loulou i loko o ka "wela mau kiko" i loko o ka Caucasus. Lermontov ua maʻi i ka manawa, no ka mea, ua i hoouna mai i ke kialua. Akā,ʻo kona hoa Rajewski, ka mea i ka huli loaʻa i ke kikokikona i no ke hopuia, a hoouna aku la ia Olonets panalaau. No ka aha meaʻino hilahila? No ka kumu kahua a me ka kaiapili-kālai'āina kūlana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea i laʻa Lermontov "Makeʻana o ka haku mele"? 'Aʻole pono amazingly loea kākau moʻolelo Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu, no! Tālena Russian nō ua mau ua generously haawi mai, aʻaʻole Lūkini'āina skudeet ia a hiki i kēia lā. Lermontov Pushkin ka hana - ka hakaka o ka nele o ka spirituality a me ka noho kauwa ana, i ka hanu o ka hou, maemae ke ea, o ka noa, i ua hoʻohaumiaʻia servility, meanness a me ka ino. A kapa iho la oia Pushkin ironic no kaʻoiaʻiʻo: "He make i ka haku mele! - kauwa hanohano haule ... "Lermontov, i kēia mau hua'ōlelo mau mea synonymous. A oiaio haku mele o ke Akua, ma kona loa ano mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke moe, hana hoʻopailua, me ke ku ei ka manao a me ka kiʻekiʻe pono manaÿo. Like i olelo mai ai no ka hana o nā hoa o ka mea i make, "na poem o Mr. Lermontov ka maikai; ka mea, ke kākau i kekahi mea ua pono-ike a aloha mākou Pushkin. "

Ka mōʻaukala manaʻo nui

Ke poem "pepehi haku mele" Lermontov e wahi i loko o Lūkini moʻokalaleo maopopo loa. I mea, ia o ka mua a me ka mana nui ma ka hua'ōlelo o ke akamai, ka poetic generalization manual Pushkin - kona "hana kupanaha ano akamai" Popular Hawaiʻi no Rusia. I ka Ia manawa, i ka loa nui, e hoike ana o kona palapala - he anakahi a me ka lahui paha, ka ' Lermontov ia ia iho, i kona civic, pono a me ka kālai'āina kūlana. E like me ka mea i kākau manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Druzhinin, Mikhail Lermontov ole wale ka mua Auwē ka haku mele, akā, i ka mea mua, eʻaʻa e hoolei i ka "hao paukū" i loko o ka maka o ka poe i gleefully anaanai i kona mau lima, a hoomaewaewa aku la lakou i ka hooko pōʻino. "Ua ke alii make - lōʻihi ola ke alii!" - no laila, hiki ke koho i ka lehulehu outcry e pili ana i na mea pohihihi nui o ka moolelo pili i ka make ana o Aleksandra Pushkina a me ka mea e "pepehi haku mele" (Lermontov ka pauku) hoonoho iho la ia ia i waena o ka luna Lūkini mea kākau.

poem Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo

"No ka Make ana o ka haku mele" - i ka mea ia manawa hōʻuluʻulu ode a me ka uaua satire. Ke poem kekahi, ma ka kekahi lima, i ka rave hōʻike manaʻo e pili ana i ka wahine paha, o ka Pushkin nui. Ma ka 'ē aʻe - huhu a me ka' oihana noʻonoʻo loi o kona mau detractors, naita ma ke kaiāulu kanaka, alai ae ma ka Auguseto, a me ka hoʻopuniʻana dignitaries, makai 'lii Benkendorf, he poʻe koa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā censors, ka poe i makemake ole e ola a me ka oiaio, ke ku okoa ana-puni a me ke akamai, humane a me ka mālamalama manaʻo a me ideals komo iloko ma ke kaiāulu. No laila, i nohoia ka mea, i ka manaʻo a me ka uhane o ka bipi kanaka ma lalo o kaʻauamo o ke pili aupuni naoh. Emperor Rotehama aole poina e pili ana i nā hanana o December 14, 1825, ka wā naueue ae la i ka noho aliʻi o Lūkini luna. He mea känalua ' "Makeʻana o ka haku mele", ike maopopo mahalo i ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē' ana i ke kipi. Odic laina kākau hōʻuluʻulu, "kiʻekiʻe" mika, a iloko o ka pili hua'ōlelo. Satirical kekahi papahana ma ke kanana 'aesthetic canons. Penei, Lermontov i surprisingly harmonious ke kuʻikahi, me kaʻano o ka Huli i.

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka poem

"No ka Make ana o ka haku mele" - he poem me ka 'ano eiiieaena, a ma ka mea ia manawa i ka ike, noʻonoʻo kūpono-mai, a hoʻonohonoho haku mele' ana. E like me ka maʻiʻo i loko o ia mea maopopo kilakila kekahi mau koena ai. Kēlā me kekahi hoʻonohonoho pau, ka mea, ua hookoaiaʻe e kona kapaia, kona hoʻomaopop 'ana i pathos a me ka manaʻo. akā, ka mea mau i ka hookahiʻahahui, a mea paha i ka mauʻano o ka hana. Ke kālailai i ka haku mele, e mea hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke kumuhana a me ka manaʻo o ka mea hana.

Theme, manaʻo, problematic

Ka mua hapa ninoieo o 33 laina, mikiʻala, huhu, Pono nń i ka make ana o Pushkin - ", ke ao nei" i ka hopena o ka papa maoli o nā hanana, akā, purposeful a me deliberate makeʻana o kekahi kanaka, wale, kipi akuʻoukou i ka manao o Make - hoopai no ka ho'āʻo, nolaila, e oe ia oe iho, e noho pono i kona mau tālena, a me ka hoopai karaima o ka hanohano. Lermontov concise a me ka pololei. No ka hana i ho'ākāka 'soulless kai me ka "anu-puʻuwai" manu "ka pomaikai, a me ka kaua" o ka loa naue like ( "naue like mai e ke konohiki"). Kēia Mikhail ike i ke ano o ka pōʻino, "i ka haʻaheo mamo o ka" kaulana meanness ka nahunahu hanau mai,ʻaʻole e kala mai accusatory olelo i loko o kona helu wahi. Ka mea hoʻi i ka mooolelo o ka autocracy a me ka serfdom, no ka mea, ka mea, - i ke kumu o ka noho maikaʻiʻana o ko lākou hala, a me ka wā e hiki mai keia manawa. A pau eʻaʻa ana nō e encroach ma luna o ia mau mea, pono e lukuia! No keia mea i ka lima o ka Farani Dantes, a me kekahi meaʻokoʻa aku. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, Lermontov iho make aku la kekahi mau makahiki ma hope ma "Dantes Russian" - Martynov. I ka lua o ka aoao o ka poem (23 laina) mea like me ka mea waleʻana aku. Mikhail aʻole i paʻa hoʻi i ka Pilikua o kona hookokoke mai nui iho la ia pilikino, a aloha aku la ia ia i ke kiʻi o Pushkin. ua piha ka poetic huahelu ka poem: .. Antithetical, rhetorical ninau, exclamations, etc. ka hope loa (16 laina) - hou i ka satire, he formidable aʻoaʻo a kiekie ae, Akua hoopai ana, 'aha hoʻokolokolo manawa a me ka mōʻaukala mea e hoʻopaʻi aku karaima, a ho'āpono aku i ka hala ole. Ka wānana laina, no ka mea, i ke alanui ka mea, hiki mai ...