Higher tungsten'okesaside

Tungsten'okesaside ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa refractory i loko o ka papa o'okanikaʻole waiwai. I mea e haawi aku i ka ano o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, e kālailai i ka mea e like ai o ka metala wale.

tungsten Hiʻona

No ka maopopo i ka mea hiki manaʻo nui o ka tungsten'okesaside, e hoailona oukou i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia iho mai ka uila ia'ku, kaʻi lau waiwai o ka laina anoe? Aiey, kiʻekiʻe heheʻe wahi.

A maemae tungsten kiʻekiʻe ductility. Ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o kaʻakika wale ka wā enaena i ka wela ^{o ka} 5000 C. Ua reacts me kalapona, ho okumu i like me ka naoh huahana o ka tungsten carbide. Ke resultant i huiia mea kiʻekiʻe ikaika.

Ka loa, he pono ole tungsten'okesaside - tungsten trioxide. Ke kumu nui ka pono i ka hiki ana o ka hui, e hoʻihoʻi he lepo'ōlinolino ho okumu i like ma-nā huahana o lalo oxides.

Metal i ke kiʻekiʻe nuʻa, friability a me ka akamai ma haʻahaʻa mahana, e lilo tungsten'okesaside.

tungsten oka a

ʻepekema, ua kaʻawale hookahi-pae ano o ka oka a pau, a ua haku o kekahi a oi hehee wale. Ka loa ua 'ike nui i huiʻia o ka tungsten a me ka molybdenum. Oka a Alloying hehee ai molybdenum tungsten maoli he tensile ikaika.

Single-pae oka a pau i manaoia e e hui: tungsten - zirconium, tungsten -gafny, tungsten - niobium. I kā mākou ductility tungsten rhenium pili. Ohui ka mea, aole i pili i ka hana o ka refractory metala.

Makaukau o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia

ʻike mau hana hiki ole ke loaa i ka tungsten refractory oka a pau: ae hiki aku i ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi metala koke hele i loko o ka gaseous palapala. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka makaukau o ka maemae metala electrolysis. Ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole, e loaa tungsten oka a ka pauka metallurgy i hoʻohana. E hana i kēia, e ho okumu i kekahi kūikawā aaioee kūlana o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka holo.

I ma ke ano maoli

Tungsten'okesaside, auwe ₃ kona haʻilula ua haawiia keia i like me ka lani kiekie loa i huiʻia. Ka mea, aole e hana ma ke ano maoli i loko o kona maʻemaʻe palapala, akā, o kekahi hapa o ka tungsten i eliia. Ke kaʻina hana o ka pōʻalo a me ka aaioee o refractory metala komo ai kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Higher'okesaside o tungsten ua loaa mai i ka mea e hoohehee ai nuipa a. Hou enrichment o ka hui ua lawe mai, a ma hope o lapaʻau me ka noho kaʻawale maemae metala.

Ma ka manufacturing kaʻina he lahilahi tungsten uea e kiai ana i ka mea e loa wehe i na impurities. I ole ia, i ka oaoieei-ano o ka hoʻopau 'ana i huina hoonui e ke me ka nui loa hoemi.

Mau mea o ka hoʻohana 'ana paha tungsten

Pehea e loaa tungsten'okesaside? Hydrogen, i hana ia me ka hui, e kokua e kiʻi maemae metala. Ua Ua koi 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka filament kaula makalii, e pili ana X-Ray paipu, pākū heaters a me ka holo umu i prednaznachngy no ka hoʻohana ma kiʻekiʻe mahana.

Steel, kahi o ka alloying hehee ai ka tungsten, wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe ikaika waiwai. Products i no ia oka a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka' inikua hana, a oki inserts no kaʻeli punawai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pomaikai o ka hui ua manaoia hoʻopale i me mechanical deformation.

Ka pahiki o ka hanana i loko o ka hana o ka hoʻopau 'ana i huahana mawae, a? Inoaia mea he haʻahaʻa. Ka loa kaulana momoku ahi o ke kila, a i tungsten ua komo, ka mea, ua manaoia e lanakila.

Mai kēia ke nānā metala hamoʻia hua mai la kbps catalysts, likeʻole pena, kūikawā pigments a me ka m. N. Ma ke kālā no nukelea ka hana ua hoʻomano hoʻohana tungsten ipu hoʻoheheʻe a me nā ipu no radioactive neoneo hoʻolilo.

refractoriness metala Radio nui i kūlana ma ka piʻo kuʻihao. Mai ka tungsten i loko o ke gula palapala ua noʻonoʻo i ke nānā metala, i kona hoomakaukau ana i ke kaʻina hana ua lawe enrichment a me hoʻopōʻaiapuni i ka tungsten mea e hoohehee ai. Ma maemae palapala ia mai i ka malamalama oho ano me kekahi ano mea hao alohilohi. Maʻamau tungsten oka a pau, e haawi ia ia e like me stellite, i hoʻohui pū cobalt a me ka chromium. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena i loko o ia mau hui lawelawe cobalt. Oka a pau i loko o ke koi ma me mechanical wilikî.

tungsten oxides

He aha ka mea oi loa tungsten'okesaside (6), i ka haʻilula o i i ke ano o ka Auwe _3? Metal hiki ho'āʻo likeʻole'okesaside Hawaii: i kā mākou kumupaʻa i Lolina me valence metala (4) a me (6). Auwe mua pilina type ₂ pili i kaʻakika oxides, a mai ka hahai ano: kiʻekiʻe mahele heheʻe i ka wahi, a me ka ua paʻapū. Kēia Nine Inch hui Ua kokoke insoluble i loko o ka wai, akā, i ka wa a enaena hiki ke ia ka pono i loko o nāʻakika a me alkalis. Ma Nine Inch ka hana ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka hōʻeleu i loko o kekahi mau reactions. No ka laʻana, auwe ka hui ₂ hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka pālolo huahana.

Tungsten'okesaside me ka valence o (6) i hōʻike mai i ke ano ʻakika waiwai. Kēia hui Ua reacted me alkalis, akā,ʻaʻole hiki ke mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka wai. Ua haawiia i ke kiʻekiʻe heheʻe wahi hui, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia wale me he accelerator Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

ka hopena

Ma ka papa o ka'okanikaʻole kemika e kālele ana ma luna o ke ao o oxides, ka Ikepili o kā lākou waiwai, a ano primeneniyav hana. No ka laʻana, ma ka hope ninaninau iwa o ka haumāna papa hana kaumaha penei: "haku` ia haʻilula keleawe oxides, hao a me ka tungsten, a me kekahi hoʻoholo lākou kumu o Nine Inch waiwai. "

I mea e ana Makuakane me ka hana, e pono i ka manaʻo o nā hiʻona o na oxides. Noonoo mau aeaie i huiʻia, ma i ka lua o ka hehee ai ka oxygen. All oxides e classify iʻekolu pūʻulu: walaʻauʻana,ʻakika, amphoteric.

Ka hao a me ke keleawe, he mau oihana mua o ka hoʻololi pae, no laila, hiki e ana o ee iaaanu aey valence. No ka keleawe hiki ke kākau elua wale koho oxides hoike walaʻauʻana waiwai - cu ₂ O a me CuO.

Ka hao mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE iiaciiie-pae o Nine Inch oihana mua, no laila, loaʻa nō i ka'okesaside moku'āina +2 a me +3. Ma kēia hihia, na kēiaʻano o oxides i hana - FeO a me Fe ₂ O _3.

Tungsten ma aeaie i huiʻia me ka o oxygen i loko o ka hapanui pinepine hoike mai ai ia valence (4) a me (6). Ua o ka metala'okesaside ho'āʻoʻakika waiwai, no laila, e hoʻohana 'ia ka mea, ma ka hana like accelerators Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka tungsten oxides o ka hoʻokaʻawale o kēia mau mea hiki ke hooheheeia hala ole ma ke koi ana i ka Nine Inch a me ka metallurgical na hana.