I ka kumumanaʻo o kaʻike, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokokoke mai ai i ke knowability

I ka kumumanaʻo o kaʻike - o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomāhuahua o hou ike a me na kanaka a perceives ana i ke ao nei a puni mākou, me ka i-hookoia ka pili ma, e hana ana ma laila. No kekahi mea pohihihi ia, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku, ke hele ma i kā mākou poʻe keiki, he lālā hua kino o ka ike. Ke kahiko truths i complemented e hou discoveries i loko o nā mahinaʻai: 'epekema, nōʻoe, a me ka maʻamau o ke ola. Pela, ke ike - ia mea heʻano papa hana no ka lawelawe 'ōlelo a me ka hoʻomauʻana.

Akā, ma ka kekahi lima, he nui manaÿo kaheaia ma ka hale hoʻokamakamaʻepekema, a seemingly luli ole, ma hope o kekahi manawa, hōʻike lākou inconsistency. E mākou hoole i ka geocentric'ōnaehana o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i i hōʻoleʻia kāna e Copernicus. Ma keia pili ana i ka ninau maoli aicieeaao: ina paha ua hiki e loa ka paulele aku i ko makou ike ana i ke ola, he oiaio? Keia ninau a UOAAaOON e pane mai i ka kumumanaʻo o ka ike. Kālaiʻike (aho paha e olelo, kona mea Hawaiʻi o ka hilo, epistemology) hoʻokolokolo ai na keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia i loko o ke kō o ka macrocosm a me ka microcosm.

Kēia 'epekema e ulu ana ma ka like me nā hana, komo ia i loko o ka leo, e lawe i kekahi mea, mai o lakou, a, ma ka huli, e hāʻawi mai. I ka kumumanaʻo o kaʻike poses heʻano paakiki, aneane hiki ole i hana: e ike i ke kanaka lolo, pehea ia hana. Kēia ha awina He He iki e like me ka moʻolelo o ka Baron Mnnhauzenom, a me ka mea hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka ho'āʻo kaulana e "hoala mai ia ia iho ma ka lauoho." No ia mea, i ka ninau ana o ka mea, ua ike makou i kekahi mea e pili ana i ke ao nei, ua luli ole, e like me ka manawa, eia ekolu hiki pane: optimistic, pessimistic a me ka rationalistic.

I ka kumumanaʻo o kaʻike inevitablyʻalo me ka pilikia o kaʻimi naʻauao manawa kūpono e ike i ka loa oiaio, a nolaila, pono noonoo ma luna o nā ana hoʻohālike i hōʻike, a huli. Anei ia nei i nā mea a pau, a me nā mea a pau o ko mākou manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea supremely pili ana, ee iaaanu aey, kāpili? Optimists Ua ikaika i ko kākouʻike mākou e i pau. Hegel, ka mea koʻikoʻi loa, 'elele o kēia au i loko o epistemology, ua kūkākūkāʻia ia i inevitably e wehewehe ana i ke alo o mākou, e hōʻike mai i kā lākou waiwai, a haawi aku ia lakou e ai. A me ka holomua o ka 'epekema keia mea maopopo hoike.

Keia manao ku e agnostics. Ka mea, hoole i ka manawa kūpono o ka knowability o ke ola, ana i ike pono kakou i ke ao nei a puni kā lākou mau manaʻo. Penei, cognitive hopena a e pili ana i kekahi mea - i kēia mea pono speculation. A me ia, ka mea i ka noho oiaio o na mea - ka pähola 'ana o ka ike, aole ia i ike, no ka mea, ua mea a pau ae hoʻopaʻa mākou makaukau o, a me nā mea a me nāʻike manaʻo hoikeia mai ia iā mākou i loko o ka palapala ma i kā lākou mau kiʻi i refracted ma ka prism o ko mākou pokole o ka lanakila wale. Loa piha hoikeia i loko o ka manaʻo o ka agnosticism epistemological relativism - ke ao ana o ke kāpae variability o nā hanana,ʻike manaʻo a me nā kūʻiʻo.

I ka kumumanaʻo o ka ike o ka skepticism hoi i kahiko akamai. Aristotle laila'ōlelo akula i ka poʻe i makemake e ike maopopo iho la i, e ikaika kanalua. Kēia au, aole ia i hoole i ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻomaopopo i ke ao nei ma ka rula, agnosticism, akā, 'aʻole hana ai gullibly e i loaʻa iā mākou ka ike, dogmas a seemingly indisputable mea kāhea aku a ke. Ka papa hana o ka "hōʻoia" a me "falsification" ia mea hiki, e hookaawale i ka palaoa, mai ka opala, a, ma hope, e ike i ka oiaio.