Ilamuku Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich: Kawaihae, hoʻolilo 'ia'

Leonid Govorov i kekahi o na luna koʻikoʻi loa, o ke Kaua Honua II. He alakaʻi ka kaua e ku ei na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ka aina, a ma ka makahiki 1944 hookuu mai ka noho ana Karelia Finns. No ka mea, o kona pono la lehulehu Govorov loaa i ka inoa o ka Ilamuku o ka Soviet Union.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

I ka wā e hiki mai Ilamuku o ka Soviet Union Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich i hanau February 22, 1897 ma ka Vyatka mokuna - he loihi kihi o ka bea o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Butyrka (kona maoli kulanakauhale) ua ano o moku'āina kulanakauhale. Koa ke ola ka mea i like loa me na ola o kona mau na¯, kona wā'ōpiopio, a me ka poe hou i loko o ka First World War, kipi a me ka kivila.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi Leonid Govorov paʻa i loko o Yelabuga, kahi o kona makua kāne hana me ke Kakauolelo. I ka 1916, he kanaka opiopio puka 'o ia mai ke kula oaoieei-, a i komo i ka Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Naʻe, i loko o ka ua December i koho 'ia i loko o ke kaua. Ka mea, ua ka First World War, a me ka moku'āina ua holo pololei ana mai ka hope o ka mea hope kanaka waiwai. Ma hope o ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana, Leonid Govorov loaa i ka hou inoa. Ua hae ma ka Lūkini poe koa me loko o October 1917. Hele mai la i ka mana, i ka Bolsheviks kakauinoa i ka maluhia Kuikahi me Hawaii, a me ka hapanui o ke koa i demobilized. Ua hae hoi i Yelabuga i na makua.

kivila kaua

Ma ka haule ana o ka 1918, Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich hui i ka White Army. I keia manawa, i kona'āina hānau ua ma lalo o ka mana o nā kākoʻo o Kolchak. Ka luna i loko o ke kupulau kūpono 'ana o ka' oiaʻiʻo ma loko mahele. He kaua kokoke Ufa, Chelyabinsk, a ma Western Siberia. Kolchak koke hoomaka ae la e auhee aku i ka hikina. Ma November 1919, Govorov haalele. I January, oia hui ka 51th Infantry Māhele o ka Red Army.

Aia Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich halawai mai la me kekahi wā e hiki mai Ilamuku - Vasiliem Blyuherom. I ka 1919, ua kauoha mai ai i ka loa 51 la Infantry Māhele, a me ka manawa o ka Stalinist repression i pana aku la ia. Ma lalo o ka Blucher Govorov loaa kona alakaʻi mea kaua battalion. Ma ka hope ke kahua o ke Kanawai War, i ka wā e hiki mai lutanelaʻikeʻia i loko o Ukraine, kahi e waiho ana no ka hope nui pūʻulu o ka pale keʻokeʻo. Ua ua he Wrangel koa. Ma kaua i ka 1920 Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich loaa mau eha he - kekahi ma lalo o Kakhovka, oi ma Antonovka wahi.

manawa o ka maluhia

Ma hope o ka pau 'ana o ke Kanawai War, hele mai Leonid Govorov e ola a me ka hana i loko o Ukraine. I ka 1923, ua hoonohoia oia i luna o ka mea kaua o ka 51st Infantry Māhele Perekopskaya. Kona mahope 'oihana i loko o ka poʻe kaua ana ma ka hoʻolako' Vocational aʻo. I ka makahiki 1933 Govorov puka 'o ia mai ka papa ma ka Frunze Koa Academy. Akā, i ua ole a pau. Ke aʻo 'ana i ka' ōlelo Kelemānia, a maalo ae la oia i ka pili examinations, lilo iho la oia i ka oihana koa unuhi. I ka 1936 i ke koa i loko o ka lānai hou weheia Academy o ka General Staff, a koke mua loaa kekahi ano o ka brigade luna koa. Ma hope o ua noho mai aʻo, o kona hoomaka ana e ao ana i ka mea kaua Academy kapaʻia ma hope o Dzerzhinsky.

I ka 1940 i ke kaua me Finland. Ua kohoia Govorov luna o ke kookoo o ka mea kaua i loko o ka 7th Army. Ua i loko o nā kaua ma ka Karelian Isthmus mahele. Ke brigade luna koa i hoomakaukau Ua Hopu Pinilana kūlana pale Mannerheim Line. Ma hope iho o ka hōʻailona o ka maluhia ka mea, ua Major-Nui o kaua.

The Great Patriotic War

Ma ka Ewa o ka Great Patriotic War, ua hoonohoia Leonid Govorov ke poo o ka mea kaua Academy kapaʻia ma hope o Dzerzhinsky, a ia nei puka 'o ia. A hiki i ka German kūpono 'hoomaka ae la, Ua hoouna mai la ia, e alakai i ka mea kaua o ka Western Front. Au i ka hana i loko o nā kūlana o ka disorganization o ka poe koa, i ka nele o ka 'ōlelo a me ka blitzkrieg enemi. Western Front mea kaua ua i koe a hiki i keia rula. Ke chaos o na mahina mua o ka kaua mea i ae e pau ana ka hana kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Belarus a Ukraine.

July 30 ma ka hoʻolilo o Govorov hoʻokomo i ka mea kaua o ka Reserve Front. Major-Nui hoomaka ae la e hoonohonoho kūlana pale ana ma ke kikowaena (axis) o ka mua o ka Wehrmacht. Ua i ka mea nāna i hoʻomākaukau i ka counterattack Yelnia. September 6 ke kulanakauhale ua hookuuia. Oiai keia pomaikai ua? Aiaiiuie,ʻo ia e hele i ka manawa. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e apo la i loko o ka Smolensk wahi no elua mahina, no ka mea, o ka poe i noho ma luna o ka outskirts o Moscow i loko o ka hooilo wale.

Kaua ma kahi o Moscow

I kakahiaka October, oia penei ua ma luna o ka Mozhaisk pale laina, hoʻomākaukau kona aeuiiai ieaia?. 15 ka helu o ka poino Dmitry Lelyushenko oia i noho luna ana o ka 5th Army koa hui mea Kaua. O ka hana kuleana pâʻani 'o ia i loko o ka manawa i oleloia ai o Georgy Zhukov, ka mea kino kakauinoa i ka AYEIE kauoha. Kēia kahua alakai koko kūlana pale kaua kokoke Borodino. October 18 aie i kaʻoluʻolu o ia nei hoa paio olelo kumu pili e hoohuli ana ia mea e pono, e haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale. E möakäka hou 'ole ke' ai pono i loko o ka papa o ka poe koa a pau. Welcome Ua haawiia mai. Hao wale aku la.

I kakahiaka Nowemapa, ka 5th Army i i kūlana pale kulana ma na outskirts o Moscow. Ke kaua mai nei no kēlā me kēia kilomika o. Soviet poʻe hao wale i kākoʻo 'ia ma ka mea kaua a me ka Anati-pahu huahelu pale. E noho ana ma luna o nā outskirts o ke kapikala, hoomaka ae la ka Army Red, e hoomakaukau i kekahi ee-kūpono 'kokoke Moscow. November 9, Leonid Govorov lilo lutanela-mau.

Ka pilikia koke i hele mai ma luna o December 1 ka wā o kēia kanaka Kelemānia wāwahi ma ke alo o ka wahi ku ma ka 5th Army. Mea kaua luna kino kuhikuhi i ka mea e malu ai. Ka enemi ua hiki ke neʻe wale 10 kilomika, a ua koke haule. December 5th hoomaka ana o ka Soviet ee-kūpono 'ma Moscow.

hou hookohu

I 'Apelila 1942, Leonid Govorov iki kulu mai o ka mea no ka mea, o ka huʻi kaua o ka appendicitis. Ma ke poo o kona 5th Army ku Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25, loaa hou ai Govorov loaa i ka hou o kēia He hele aku la i ka Leningrad alo, a i kauoha mai ai e ka nui pae o Soviet poʻe hao wale (ka mea komo i ka 55th, 42th a me 23th Army). I loko o ka hou wahi, Lutanela-Nui me ua ikaika kana mau hana i hoomaka ai.

He hana ia mai kūikawā Leningrad kaua mau pūʻali, papahana e ee-na pu ki aloha kaua. Aie i ka puʻe o ka luna ma ke alo hiki a me ka hou hou mokulele luina. Ma ka hoʻokokoke mai i Leningrad Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) ua hana elima hou i paa i ke kahua mau. Ua lilo ka mea, i kauwahi o ke ano o ke ana 'auwaha. Iho, ua waihoia pono pau me ka mīkini-pu a me ka mea kaua battalions. No ka maikaʻi 'ohana ka palekana o Leningrad alo hookoe i hana. Wahi a ma kona hoʻoholo alakaʻiʻia e ka mea waiwai ka hoao ana loaa i ke kaua ma Moscow. He oi loa ka poÿe känaka i ka hanaia'na o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai huahelu, lawe lima pūʻulu a me nā hana ana naehana.

Main mea kaua Keʻena Luna o ka Red Army hoomaka haawi i ke kulanakauhale me ka nui-caliber lele. Ua 'ae' e hoʻomaka i ka make ana o kaʻenemi ka hoʻopuni iuo aaoa?, Hana i ka hapanui poino i ka hale a me nā kupa. Govorov i e ka poʻe hoʻoponopono i nā hana nui loa ia. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, he e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoomalu ana a me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka uhai ana i ka blockade, a me ka kekahi luna koa i hana aku ai i kona mau pono, e kōkua i ka starving kanaka o Leningrad.

Red Army hoao mai ana e dislodge i kēia kanaka Kelemānia, mai ka wahi o Leningrad ole. No ka mea, o keia, Ua hoonele ia Michael Khozin (mua ka luna) o kana oihana. Ma kona wahi i kohoia Leonid Govorov. A pau ma ke kauwela o 1942, ua hoomakaukau i ka Neva hana ana pūʻulu a me ka 55th kaua i Sinyavskaya kūpono '. Naʻe, i loko o ka Akuma ka, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Soviet Army i loko o ka māhele 'āina wale mai i ka ikaika ae hoomaemae loa oia i ka hoʻokokoke mai iā Leningrad (i ka papa kuhikuhiE KUMUMANAʻO NUI AIM o ka hanana keia ua). October 1 Govorov loaa ia kauoha, e haalele i ko lakou mau palapala kulana. Ua hoʻoholo 'ia i ia ma ke keʻena luna ma hope o kūkākūkā nui. Eia naʻe, "kūloko kaua" wahi hou a. No laila, i loko o ka papa hoike i kapaia ka mea uuku-unahiʻole, i hana. Ka mea, i ole hoʻololi i ke kahua ma ka mua, akā, noticeably ua hoʻokomoʻia iho i kaʻenemi loaa i loko o ka 'auwaha aku, mai ko lākou'āina. A lohe o Govorovo Leningrad māheleʻia i loko o nāʻoihana. i kēlā me kēia no ia i paʻa ka pā kaua. Militant pūʻulu i i hana i loko o nā nā hale hana, hui i battalions.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e uhai i ka blockade

Artilleryman ma ka aʻo, Govorov ua ma ka hoʻolilo o ka poe koa, a oia no poʻe hao wale o ka hiki a pau ano. Akā, i ole keia ia ia koke komo i loko o ke kowali o ka mea. He ua hiki ke koke Loiloi i ka pilikia, a ike iho la ia ma ka naau o ka wahi o ka Soviet a me ka Kelemānia kaua ma luna o kekahi alo. Leonid Govorov mau hoʻolohe attentively i kona mau subordinates, i ole kū ana iā lākou, inā paha, a i ole makemake i ka nele verbiage. He ua he kanaka no o ka ikaika o ka hoʻoponopono-hui, a koi aku i ka ia, mai na mea e ae. Ma Leningrad na ke keʻena luna o ia i ke ano i kapaia reverent mahalo. Party poo (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, a me Shtykov 'ole. D.) ia ia ia me ka hoomaikai aku.

Ma Ianuali 1943, ua hoʻoneʻe hou ka Leningrad alo. January 18, i wawahi ai i ka blockade apo Northern kulanakauhale alii. E ka mea e hiki ai i ke aloha i nā loan-kŰia Volkhov (ma lalo o ke kauoha o Kirilla Meretskova) a me Leningrad fronts (i kauoha mai ai ma ka Leonid Govorov). enemi Hoʻohui 'ia i Wāwahi, a me ka poʻe hao wale Soviet halawai hema o Lake Ladoga.

E like ma mua o ka Hopu hope o ka blockade Govorov loaa i ke ano o ka colonel mau. I ke kauwela o 1943, ka 67th Army, ka mea āna i kauoha mai ai, i loko o ka hana Mga mahele. Kona huakaʻi ua e hookupaa nui ae i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka Kirov Railroad hema o Lake Ladoga. Inā palapala i hookuu, mai ke kēia kanaka Kelemānia, makemake i Leningrad ike loea a me ka pono wai o ka 'ōlelo a me ke koena o ke aupuni. Ka mea, ua kaumaha kaua. Soviet poʻe hao wale no i ka shortage o koa hiki ole hana i na hana, a me ka Akuma ka Mga protrusion koeʻaneʻane ua hoʻololiʻia. Aka hoi, manawa i hana no ka Army Red, a me ka Wehrmacht ma lalo e māhuahua pilikia.

Ke liberation o Leningrad

Ma ka haule ana o ka 1943, hoomaka holo 'awelika hoomakaukau no ka hou Leningrad-Novgorod Kūpono'. November 17, Leonid Govorov lilo General o ke koa. I ka hoomaka ana o ka makahiki 1944, kaua ma lalo o kona kauoha wawahi ae la ma kaʻenemi pale aku ia lakou a puni Leningrad. e pili ana i ka haneri kilomika, mai ke kulanakauhale January 27 Kelemānia naehana koke ana. Ke blockade Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe definitively. Ma ka ia lā ma luna o ka aoao o Govorov Stalin haawi aku i ka mea e hoopaa i ka fireworks i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hookuuia.

Naʻe, i ka manawa o ka hookahakaha ua i kona wahi. Koke hoi i kana mau hana, Leonid Govorov alakai poʻe hao wale o ka Leningrad alo i loko o ka olelo o Narva. Ma Feberuari, ke Army Red kela aoao o ka muliwai. Ma ka pūnāwai counteroffensive oi pono loa mai i 250 kilomika. Ua Ua hookuu aneane a pau o Leningrad, e like me kekahi kokoke Kalinin.

Hakakā me ka Finns

Ua hoouna June 10 Front koa i ke kūkulu'ākau ai ke Vyborg-Petrozavodsk hana. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hoa paio i loko o keia olelo ua Finland. Na ke keʻena luna imi iho la e hookaawale ia lana mai ka Ally kaua o ka Reich. Olelo ka hoʻomaka 'ana o nā paena demonstrativeʻoihana kaʻa. Ma ka Ewa o ka Pinilana manao pūʻolo i ke aʻo hopena i loko o ka Narva māhele 'āina. Ia manawa, i ka Soviet moku i mua Kahulihuli 21 Army ma ka Karelian Isthmus. No ka enemi, keia puupuu ua he piha hou.

Nō hoʻi, ma mua o ka hoouka kaua ana o Govorov kauoha, e hoʻomaka mea kaua aʻo a me ka moʻo o ka lewa e pepehi iho at. Over ka mea e hiki mai ana na la he umi, na koa o ka Leningrad alo wāwahi ma laina ekolu o ka pale ma ka wahi o ka mua, o ka Mannerheim Line, a i hou i ka hana. Leonid Govorov komo i loko o ke kaua Soviet-Pinilana o 1939-1940. He ike i ka'āina, a oi loa aku hoi i ka poe kaua o ka enemi.

Ke kokololio mua o ka Red Army i ka liberation o Vyborg June 20, makahiki 1944. Mau lā ma mua ia, Leonid Govorov lilo Ilamuku o ka Soviet Union. Kūlana i ka pepa hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka oihana koa kānaka apau i mākaukau. He i kuleana i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ka helu o ka nui hana: e repel i ka ho'āhewa wale o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua, kokua aku i ka Moscow, Leningrad, hookuu hope kaua me ka Finns.

Ma hope iho o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o Soviet mana i loko o Vyborg kēia ho'āla kaua i laila 'o ia i ka Karelian Isthmus. Aia ua aneane pau Pinilana poe koa (60 tausani kanaka). Ke Soviet kūpono 'Ua huikau e ka haka kēia mau wahi. Wai p ÷ ino, lush ululaau, nele o nā alanui - pau keia ka meheu o ia i ke kala o ka isthmus. Ikaika, a mahuahua nui poho o ka Red Army. Ma keia manao, Iulai 12 kumu pili i ka mea, e hele ma ke kūlana pale. E möakäka hou mua hoʻomau Karelian alo koa. Ma September, Finland i haalele mai i ke kaua, a hui i ka Allies '.

I hopena o kauwela a me ka Akuma ka o ka makahiki 1944, Ilamuku Govorov? Ac? Ana i loko o Estonia liberation. I October,ʻo ia papa hoʻolaukahi no hoi oia i ka hana ana o na puali koa ma ka liberation o Riga. Once ke kapikala o Latvia i hooakea ai o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, i wahi e na koena o ka Wehrmacht kaua i loko o ka Baltic'āina i loko o Courland. Ka hoihoi o keia pae i aponoia May 8, 1945.

ma hope o ka kaua,

I peacetime, hoomaka ae la Leonid Govorov e noho ma ka lani kiekie loa koa alakaʻi kulana. He ua i ka luna o ka Leningrad Koa District a me luna o ka Air Pale Kaua. Ma lalo o kona malu alakaʻi, ua hele i ka poʻe ma ka nui reorganization. Eia hou, ke kila i loaa kaua hou (kinai jets, Anati-mokulele Kao lele lako kaua, radars, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Ke aupuni i hana mai i ka pale kaua o ka oleloia NATO a me US ho'āhewa wale i loko o ka ka pukaʻana Hawaii War.

I ka makahiki 1952, ua koho ka hope Stalinist XIX Ahaolelo Lahui o ka CPSU, Leonid Govorov he moho lâlâ o ka Central Komite. I ka makahiki 1954, hoomaka iho la ia e hui pu iho la i ke kia o ka luna o ka Air Pale Kaua, a Hope Kuhina o Pale Kaua o ka Soviet Union. Mumulu mai haʻalele 'ana a me ka stress negatively loli i ke ola o ka Ilamuku. Leonid Govorov, make March 19, 1955, mai ka hahau ana ma ka Holiday ma Barvikha sanatorium.

I kēia lā, i loko o ka hanohano o ka Ilamuku o alanui i loko o ka nui kūlanakauhale o ka mua USSR (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, Donetsk, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). E pakahi aku la ia manao, e lilo ia i kahu i ka hoomanao ana o ka mea i loko o ka mua Leningrad, a hookuuia ma na hana apo akuk ai ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o Govorov. Ma nā hale i plaques a me ka paka ma luna o ka Fontanka River ua kapaʻia ma hope ona. I ka makahiki 1999 i hahau wahi ua he kia L. A. Govorovu.

hanohano

Makahiki o ka kaua alanui Leonid Alexandrovich Ua ukali pūʻia e keʻano o mau mekala, a honorary pôhili. I ka 1921, ma hope o nāʻeha wā e hiki mai Ilamuku Govorov ia i loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Red Banner. He Ua loaʻa 'ia me keia ia nā kumu kāki no ke koa a me ka makau ole i ka Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj hana ia Wrangel koa ua lilo i hala i ka Crimea. Ma hope o ka Soviet-Pinilana War Govorov loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Red Star.

I ka darkest lā o ka Great Patriotic War, i ka wa a ka Wehrmacht poʻe hao wale i hoʻonoho ma Moscow, ua Leonid Aleksandrovich i kekahi o na luna o ka pale o ke poʻo. November 10, 1941, ma ka Ewa o ka counteroffensive,ʻo ia loaa i ka Papa Naita o Lenin. Next uku e kali ana no ia ia ka uhaʻiʻana i ka blockade o Leningrad ma hope. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich, o kona Kawaihae mea he Kawaihae no kekahi o na luna poʻokela o ke Kaua Honua II, loaa ka hanohano Papa o Suvorov I degere.

He ua i ka lima i loko o na successes o ka Red Army i ka liberation o ka aina o ka USSR ma ka hana poʻe hao wale o ka Wehrmacht. Ia mea no ia mea, e kahaha ko oukou naau i ka January 27, 1945 Ilamuku Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich lilo hou a me Hero o ka Soviet Union. I waena o kona mau hoʻolilo 'ia' no hoi i mau mekala lehulehu a i hookoia no ka liberation a me ka palekana o ka nui kulanakauhale.

Mei 31, 1945, he mau pule ma hope iho o ka ha'alele'ia'ana o Kelemānia, ua hā'awi'ia'o Govorov i ka papa hana o ka lanakila. No nā lā a pau o kēia hō'ailona o kēia hanohano, he 17 mau kānaka wale nō i hā'awi'ia, a'o ia ka mea e hō'ike nei i ka nui o ke kōkua a Leonid Alexandrovich i ka ho'okō'ana o nā Nazis i loko o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic. He mea kūpono ho'i, me ka ho'okūkū hou aku i ka Soviet, ua loa'a iā ia nā hō'ailona'ē a'e:'o ka Papa o ka Legion of Honor,'o ia ho'i ka Papa Ho'ohanohano'Amelika o ka Legion Ho'ohanohano.