Ka mua ka luna i loko o Rusia. Ka mua aliʻi i loko o Rusia: o ka papaʻaina

Ho okumu ana o ka lāhui kanaka, ma hope kapaia ka Rus, Rusich, Lūkini, Lūkini, ua lilo kekahi o nā lāhui kanaka ikaika loa i loko o ke ao nei, ina i ka ikaika, hoomaka ae la ia me ka unification o ka Slavs noho ma luna o ka East 'Eulopa Plain. Hea i ka mea hele mai i keia aina, ka wā - ua i ikeia. Mōʻaukalaʻoihana aliʻi i hoike o Ruses i kakahiaka nui kenekulia AD ua ole, hoopaa mai la. Wale nō i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke IX kenekulia - ka manawa ia o ka mua ka luna i loko o Rusia - ia mea hiki ke kumumea ma ka au mamuli o ka kaʻina hana o ka lahuikanaka hale.

"E hele mai, a noho aliʻi ma luna o mākou ..."

E like me ka? Aiiioe? Nui i muliwai lehulehu, a ic ?? pili ana i kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe a pau o ka hikina Europa Plain, noho ohana o ka wa kahiko Ilmen Slovenes, iieyi, Drevlyane, Krivichy, Polotsk, Dregovichi, northerners, Radimichi Vyatichi, loaa i kekahi mea i loko o like no a pau i ka inoa - Slavs. Elua nui na kulanakauhale i kukulu ia e mākou kahiko kūpuna - ka Dnieper a me Novgorod - e hookupaa i ka moku'āina ma ka aina, ua ola, akā, i nā luna mai,ʻaʻole i. I ka'ōwili-kahea kūmole kiaaina ohanaʻikeʻia ka wā i loko o nā moʻolelo o nā luna i loko o Rusia mua i palapala. Table a me kā lākou mau inoa iloko laina wale nō he mau, akā, ka mea o ka laina papa kuhikuhi i loko o mākou mōʻaukala.

hea akula i ke kaʻina hana no ka Slavs Vikings'ōnaehana ua ike ia mākou, mai ke kula. Nā kūpuna o nāʻohana, maluhiluhi o ka ikaika kaua liʻiliʻi, a kaua aku i kekahi i kekahi, wae elele a hiki i nā aliʻi o Rus 'ohana e noho ana no ka Baltic kai, a ua kauoha aku i ka hai aku i ka poe i "... ka nui a me ka waiwai a pau mākou'āina, akā,ʻaʻole nō he lole (' o ia hoʻi. E , aole nae he maluhia a me ka mea). E hele mai, a noho aliʻi ma luna o mākou. " Mākou ia i ka leo kahea o ka Rurik hoahanau sineus a me ka truvor. Mākou i hele wale, akā, me kona poe koa, a noho i loko o Novgorod, Izborsk a me Byelozero. Ua ua i loko o ka makahiki 862. A me na kanaka, a ka mea, hoomaka ae la e alii ai maluna o, hoʻomaka e kahea Russ - ma lalo o ka inoa o ka ohana a ka Varangian aliʻi.

Refuting i ka loiloi mua haʻina o ka moʻolelo

Aia o kekahi, emi hanohano kuhiakau e pili ana i ka hōʻeaʻana zabaltiyskih aliʻi i loko o ko mākou'āina. E like me ka oihana mana, he mau hoahanau ekolu, akā, e hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i i heluhelu i ka tomes kahiko (unuhi) hewa, a hiki i ka Slavic aina wale kekahi alii - Rurik. Ka mua ka luna o kahiko Rusia e hele mai me kona kupaʻa koa (koa) - "Tru-aihue" ma Old Norse, a me ko kona hale a (mai, ka home) - "uliuli-Hus". Nolaila ke kōkua 'ana, he mau hoahanau ekolu. No kekahi kumu, paʻa moʻolelo manao ia e neʻe ana i Slovenia, o ka poe no laila,ʻelua makahiki ma hope o -called hoahanau Rurik make (i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, i ka hua'ōlelo "hamo i-ka aihue" a me "uliuli-Hus" ua houʻia ai i loko o kaʻoihana). Kekahi ke kuhikuhi aku i kekahi mau 'ē aʻe kumu no kā lākou nalowale. No ka kumu, i ma ka manawa o ka poe koa, a i ohi i ka mua ka luna i loko o Rusia, ka mea i i kapaia "hana-aihue" a me ka "paukū", a hele mai i ona lā srodstvenniki - ole "uliuli-Hus" a me "ke ano".

Eia hou kekahi, laekahi haumana o ke kahiko i increasingly ihola i ka manaoio i ka Rurik - loa he mea'ē aʻe ma mua o ke kaulana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Denemaka konung Rorik Frislandsky, kaulana no kona loaʻana e poipu i emi nawaliwali mau hoalauna. Paha i ka ke kumu āna i kapa ai i ka papa, i ua ikaika, wiwoʻole a me ka invincible.

Russ ia Rurik

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka moku'āina'ōnaehana i loko o Rusia, o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke aliʻi i nohoaliʻi ai, a ma hope lilo i ke aliʻi, noho aliʻi ma na kanaka haawiia ia ia no ka 17 makahiki. He hui ma kekahi mana Ilmen Slovenes, psovskih a me Smolensk Krivichy a pau, a me Chud, northerners a me Drevlyane, Meria a me Radimichi. Ka pili aina koi luna o kona mau henchmen. Ma ka pau ana o ka noho alii ana o Rurik Kahiko Rus noho ana he nui ?? eoi? Ee.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka hou aliʻi ohana, mōʻaukala, a komo pū nā o kona hoahānau - Askold a me Dir, hoonoho iho la ma ka leo kahea o ka luna i kona mana ma luna o Kiev, uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o ka lānai hou i hana moku'āina o overriding nui. Ka mua ka luna i loko o Rusia Novgorod koho like me kona noho, kahi i make ai i ka 879, e waiho ana ke na'lii opiopio keiki Igor. Hooilina o Rurik, e alii ai maluna o ia iho i hiki ole. No ka mea, he nui na makahiki o ka undivided mana i hooholoia i Oleg - mau hoa, a me ka mamao pili o ka mea i make luna.

Ka mua io Lūkini

Mahalo i Oleg, inoa kapakapa wānana kanaka, Kahiko Rusia ka mana, a ke huāhuā, a Constantinople, a me ka Byzantine aupuni a pau - ka ikaika ma ka manawa o ka moku'āina. He aha la ia i hana ai i loko o kona manawa, ka mua Lūkini aliʻi i loko o Rusia, kahu aupuni no ka hoʻololi iki Igor mahuahua a me ka waiwai ole. Ma hope o kaʻohiʻohi i kekahi poe koa he nui, Oleg hele lalo iho Dnieper, a lanakila Ljubech Smolensk, Kiev. Na la mahope, ua kailiia oia e wehe Askold a me Dir, a ua noho mau aina drevlyans ike Igor kona maoli aliʻi, a me Oleg - pono kuhina a hiki i kona adulthood. Keia wa aku, ke kapikala o Rusia ua häʻawi mai ai iä Kiev.

Ka Hoʻoilina Veschego Olega

He nui kaʻohana hui ia Rusia ma ka makahiki o kona noho alii ana, Oleg, ma laila, hai aku la oia ia ia iho i ka mua io Lūkini,ʻaʻole outlandish luna. Kona kai eʻe ma luna o ke aupuni a pau Byzantine i pau ai nā aliʻi e kāpae lanakila, a noa ka hoʻi 'ana i Rousseau pomaikai no ka noa kalepa ma Constantinople. Waiwai pio i lawe mai hoʻi i ka paukū keia kai eʻe. Ka mua aliʻi i loko o Rusia, a pono no a me Oleg, he oiaio Radel no ka nani o ka moku'āina.

He nui kaao a me ka mana kupaianaha moʻolelo, he kala pono i waena o na kanaka ma hope o ka hoi ana mai o ka poʻe hao wale, mai hele ana a hiki i Constantinople. E kiʻi i ka puka kulanakauhale, Oleg kauoha e hoʻonoho mau moku ma ka huila, a me ka wā i maikaʻi ka makani piha lākou mau aliʻi no ka holo, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo "hele" ma ka papu a hiki i Constantinople, e lawe mai ana ka makau i na kanaka. Weliweli Byzantine Emperor Leo VI hookuu mai ai ia unconditionally, a me Oleg i loko o ka nani loa lanakila hoailona kui hoʻi, i kona pale kaua ma luna o nā puka pā o Constantinople.

Ma ka moʻolelo o ka 911 makahiki Oleg i mua haawiia e like me ka mua Grand Aliʻi o pau Rusia. I ka 912 o kona make ana, e like me ke kauoha, ma ka nahu ana o ka nahesa. Kona oi mamua o 30-makahiki aliʻi i pau ai ma ka ole o ia hoʻi, ka meʻe.

I waena o ka ikaika

Me ka make ana o Oleg mālama 'nui waiwai o ka na'lii i Igor Ryurikovich, aole nae ma ka nui, e hoike oia i ka luna o ka aina, mai ka 879-la. Maoli ai, ua makemake ia e ka pono hana o kona mau mua nui. He pū kaua (i loko o kona noho aliʻiʻana Rusia akaaka malu i ka ho'āhewa wale mua o ka Pechenegs),ʻo ia lanakila mau kokoke ohana, hahau ia i ka hookupu. Igor i na mea a pau e like me ka mō'ī mua i loko o Rusia, akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokō 'o kona moe - e lanakila Constantinople, ka mea, ua i koke'ē aʻe. A i aku la smoothly nā mea a pau i loko o kā lākou mau inoa kikowaena.

Ma hope o ka papa ikaika o Rurik a me Oleg, Igor ua nui nawaliwali a me ka mea i manao ai drevlyans paakiki oe, aole e hookupu. ua hiki ke malama i ka kipiʻohana ma lalo o ka mana hoʻomalu ma nā aliʻi mua o Kiev. Igor kekahi ma ka manawa o keia kipi kinaiʻia, akā, Drevlyane hoopai hahai aku la i ka luna i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope.

Hana malu o ka Khazars, he betrayal Drevlyane

Poorly ulu pili me ka Crown aliʻi, a me ka Khazars. Ke ho'āʻo nei e hiki i ka Caspian Sea, Igor manao i 'aelike me ia mea, e hala ka mea, i ka paukū i ke kai, a ia ia e hele mai hoʻi, e hāʻawi mai iā lākou i ka hapalua o ka waiwai? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Haku hana i kona mau mea i oleloia mai, akā, ka mea, ua i lawa i ka Khazars. No ka mea, o ka piha kūpono o ka mana ma luna o lākouʻaoʻao i loko o ka huhu kaua, ka mea i pepehi kokoke e pau Lūkini hao wale.

Hilahila make, ua hoano e Igor, a ma hope o kona mua huakaʻi i Constantinople i ka 941 - ka Byzantines Ua luku aneane i kona holoʻokoʻa paukū. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, ka makemake e holoi aku i ka hilahila, Prince, hoʻohuiʻia i loko o ka hookahi kaua o Rus, hou hele Khazar a hiki Pechenegs ma Constantinople. Aʻu i loaʻa mai, mai ka Bulgarians, i ka mea mea he formidable pūʻali koa, ka Auguseto kaumaha aku Igoryu Mir i loa 'ano kūpono no, a me ka luna maliu mai ia. Akā, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka he nani loa lanakila, Igor i make. Aole e uku e hoomana, e haʻi hou aku, korestenskie drevlyans luku OTRADA mau auhau Waihona Noʻeau, i waena o ka mea a ua i ka luna iho.

Princess, ka mea mua i loko o na mea a pau

Hoʻomāinoino hoʻopaʻi poe kipi Igor ka wahine - Pskovityanka Olga, a wae iho la oia i kana wahine, a hiki wānana Oleg i ka 903. Ua luku Drevlyans me kekahi poho i Rus, ka maalea, akā, i ka ruthless kou akamai Olga - e hele me ka'īʻana mai, ua hiki ke kaua aku i nā aliʻi mua i loko o Rusia mākou. Hereditary inoa o ka moku'āina aliʻi ma hope o ka make ana o Igor, Svyatoslav i ke keiki a ke aliʻi hui, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea uuku o na makahiki he umikumamalua hope hope no kona makuwahine alakai Rus.

Olga mea he kupaianaha manao, ke koa a me ka akamai i ka naʻauao kahu ai i ka moku'āina. Ma hope iho o ka hopu ana o Korosten - ke kumu nui kulanakauhale Drevlyane - Princess hele i Constantinople, a lawe ia ka bapetizo. Ka Orthodox ekalesia ua nō ma Kiev a me Igor, akā, i ka Lūkini kanaka hoomana aku la Perun a me Veles, a koke huli mai paganism i Kristiano. Akā, i ka mea i Olga, a ua lawe i ka baptismal inoa o Elena, n oaa alanui ma Rusia, a me ka hou ka manaoio a me kona make ana (make i ka 969 Alii) i ole hoololi hou ia, hooku ae ia i ke ano o ka poe haipule.

Koa mai ka wā kamaliʻi

Russian Aleksandrom Makedonskim i kapaia o Svyatoslav HI Karamzin, ka originator "o ka Lūkini moku'āina." Kahaha ko oukou naau koa a me ka ikaika ka oko mua na'lii ma Rusia. A papaʻaina i hōʻike ana i nā lā maloo o ko lākou mau noho alii ana, ka fraught me ka nui nani lanakila a me nāʻoihana'ē aʻe no ka pono o ka Fatherland, a ku no kela a me keia inoa i loko o laila.

E komo oukou i ka makahiki o ka ekolu Grand Duke inoa (ma hope o ka make ana o Igor), ka Mai de facto luna o Rusia Svyatoslav ua wale nō i loko o 962. Mau makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i hookuu mai i ka domination o ka Khazars, a hoohui ia Rusia Vyatichi, a ma o ka elua makahiki e hiki mai ana - i ka helu o Slavic ohana e noho ana ma ka Oka, ka Volga wahi, i ka Caucasus a me ka Balkans. Ua pepehi nā Khazars, kā lākou kapikala Itil haalele. Me ka North Caucasus Svyatoslav i kā lākou mau ipu,'āina (Ossetians) a me Kasogs (Circassians), a hoonoho ia lakou ma na kulanakauhale Puhi hana a Tmutarakan White Tower. E like me ka Prince mua o All Rusia, Svyatoslav i hoomaopopo i ka nui o ka ikaika anoe o hooilina.

Pono o ka nui nani kūpuna

I ka 968, ua lanakila 'o ia Pulakalia (kulanakauhale Pereyaslavets a me Dorostol) Svyatoslav ole me ka kumu, hoomaka ae la e noonoo i ka aina a me kona paa ma Pereyaslavets - maluhia ola ma Kiev oia i ole makemake, a me kona makuwahine, Princess Olga, pono noho i loko o ke kulanakauhale alii. Akā, i ka makahiki ma hope iho, make iho la, a me ka luna Bulgarians, hui me ka Byzantine Auguseto, hai mai la kaua. E hele ana ia ia, Sviatoslav haʻalele kāna mau keiki kāne i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ka nui Lūkini kulanakauhale Yaropolk - Kiev, Oleg - Korosten, Vladimir - Novgorod.

Paʻakikī a me ka controversial i ke kaua - lanakila me ka loli iki ana i ka pomaikai kaulana alternately ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua. I pau ai confrontation maluhia Kuikahi, e like me a Pulakalia Svetoslav haʻalele (ka mea pili i kona mau waiwai Byzantine Emperor Ioann Tsimiskhy) a me Byzantium no ka aina uku hookupu i ka Lūkini luna hoʻouka kekahi.

Kona hoi mai keia contradictory i loko o kona kai eʻe i ka nui o ka Svyatoslav i ka manawa hoʻi i kāpiliʻia i loko o Beloberezhe ia ma luna o ka Dnieper. Aia lele 972 i loko o kona nāwaliwali, koa i hao i ka Pechenegs. Na Luna Nui Duke i make i loko o ke kaua. Loaa kaulana o kona like me ka hānau koa moʻolelo wehewehe i ka mea i Sviatoslav ua incredibly uaua Hikes, ke moe ma ka wai lepo, i kona lehu ma lalo o ka noho, e like me ka mea i loko o ka hale poʻo mea,ʻaʻole aliʻi unpretentious, eʻai i kekahi nepriveredliv. Kona memo o "I hele aku ia oe,"ʻo ia ia ma mua o ka wā e hiki mai kaua poe enemi, hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo like Oleg pale kaua ma luna o nā puka pā o Constantinople.