Ka paradox - keia mea ... nā paradoxes o ke kālaikūlohea. Ka pähola 'ana o paradoxes

E hoʻomaka ana, mai ka wā kahiko, ua ho'āʻo ke kanaka e maopopo i ke ao nei, a me ko lakou wahi i loko o laila. E ho ohana i Logical noʻonoʻoloi, ninau naʻau o kekahi kanaka imi, e imi i ka pā, a interrelation o ka hanana a me nāʻike manaʻo. Hoikehonua, ike o ke kanaka - o ka hopena o ka aneane heʻumi tausani makahiki o painstaking Ka Ikepili o nā mea a pau i nā mea a pau me ka a noiʻi maka ke waho honua.

He aha mea he paradox?

Over manawa, e wehe ae ike, ina he nui piha naauao o ke ala o ka hanana a me kaʻike manaʻo. Naʻe, manaʻo huhū keia, he mau 'ia ka wā i kekahi mea, ke ahaʻia, akā, hiki i loaʻa i ka Logical wehewehe. I kēia lā o ka honua, e like me ka kŰia 'epekema pili ia i na paradoxes. I unuhi 'ia mai ka olelo Helene, o "paradox" (παράδοξος) - keia mea he unexpected,ʻano'ē. Kēia ho'ākāka 'ana i waho i ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko, ma ka wanaao o ko mākou noho maikai ana. Hoikehonua, 'epekema mai nei ia paradox - ia mea he kulana paha hanana, a ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi akaka hoike ana o ka ike maopopo a me ka piha kaawale o kekahi Logical hoakaka o ka hopena.

Ala aʻela paradoxes i mau hauʻoli, a me ka hana malu ke kanaka manao no konaʻokoʻa a me ambiguities. I loko nō o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka wehewehe, i ke kanaka e ho'āʻo ana e imi, a ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia ma mua ona. Over manawa, kekahi paradoxes lilo kūlana unexplained a ua neʻe i ka maopopo hoomaopopo o ka Logical kula. Next, ke hoopa ma kekahi i keia manawa unexplained i keia la "pouli" kihi ike. Mākou manaolana ia me ka manawa ia, e lilo ia i mea maopopo mea e waiho ma hope ia, a me ka mea i ke 'ano a me ka waiwai o nāʻike manaʻo.

paradoxes o ke kālaikūlohea

Ke kālaikūlohea - ka 'epekema, i mea waiwai i loko o paradoxes. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o kekahi wahi o ka 'epekema: thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, quantum mechanics. Mākou i haawi examples o kekahi o ia ho'āmana i hōʻike kaila mea heluhelu.

1. Archimedes paradox: he nui moku ke holo i loko o kekahi mau nā lika o ka wai.
2. Kī lau paradox: ma hope o hoʻohuihui a pau i ke kī kī lau i ohi ia ma ka waena konu o ke kiaha, i mea ku e ai i ka hana ana o centrifugal ikaika. Ma kona hana, e pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā pā pōhaku. Akā, i kēia 'ole e hana
3. Mlemby paradox: wela ka wai ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu ke pa ahau ke wikiwiki ma mua o ke anu.
4. D'Alembert ka paradox: i ke kino o spherical shape, aole ia hookipa ole ia'ku ka wā e neʻe ana ma ka maikaʻi loli.
5. Ke paradox o Einstein - Podolsky - Rosen: ke kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi e ae hanana.
6. Schrödinger ka popoki: ka quantum paradox. Ka popoki mea i loko o nā Hawaii (Kino i hala iho nei Kaumakaiwa) like loa me mākou e i nana aku ma ia ia.
7. Black puka hōʻike paradox: ua luku i ka ike i ka wa a ku ma kaʻeleʻele puka.
8. Kumu o ka paradox: ana hele nei i ka ninau o ka manawa i mua - mea ole ka ike.

Aia nō 'ē aʻe, nui loa pohihihi paradoxes o ke kālaikūlohea.

Where'ē aʻe e hiki i ka paradox?

A nui ka nui o "ka pouli o" ike i koe i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ko kakou mau ola. Ua hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ke kūpili, makemakika a me ka 'ikepili helu, anahonua, kemika. Eia hou, he mau philosophical, waiwai, loio, psycho-physical paradoxes.

Me ka naʻauao o nā nā papaha o ka neʻe i ka manawa ma kekahi ala e hiki aku (theoretically laekahi 'epekema keʻae i kēia manawa kūpono) avalanche ninini'ē ka hopena pili i ka hele ana. No ka laʻana, he luawai-ike kupuna kāne paradox. He olelo ia ina oe e hele hou i ka manawa, a pepehi i kou kupunakane, oe e ole e hanauia mai. Alaila, e hiki ole pepehi i koʻu kupuna kāne.

Quantum ke kālaikūlohea - i ke aupuni o paradoxes

Me ka Hekikai o ka hou au i loko o ka helu o ke kālaikūlohea paradoxes me ka nui loa, a mahuahua nui. E like me kānakaʻepekema, he mea hiki kekahi e manaoio ole mai i maopopo. Quantum ke kālaikūlohea 'Aʻole i kākoʻo i ke kanawai ike Kanawai, a he o ana paradoxes mea e kue ana i ko kakou mau pono. No ka laʻana, hoʻokahi huna i e paku ole ia i kekahi ka nānā 'ana i ka mamao (quantum hihia). Einstein ka paradox - Podolsky - Rosen mai nā 'ole wale kŰia interdependence huna ana, akā, i impossibility o ka i ka wā hoʻokahi ana o ka oihana a me ka moku'āina o ka haʻahaʻa (particles). Ma pōkole, quantum ke kālaikūlohea ua noʻonoʻo pono i ke aliʻi wahine o ke aupuni incomprehensible.

"O ke kūpili me ke kūpili"

Where'ē aʻe, i nā hanana a me nāʻike manaʻo? E ka delve i makemakika a me kona pähola 'o ka pahiki. Loa kaulana o ka Monty Hall paradox. Ua Ua mua i lehulehu i ka makahiki 1990.

Kona inoa i loko o ka hanohano o kekahi o ka holoholona hihiu hōʻike presenter, ma ka pâʻani pôpeku ke koho i ka puka, ma ke kua a hūnā iā ka uku. Inā mākou e wehewehe ana i na mea hua'ōlelo, ke kahua Ua like penei: ia i ka pâʻani pôpeku hoʻololi kona koho ma hope o alakai manaʻoi hāpai 'ia, hoʻololi i ke ala o ka hou Aey? Acaeoey. Oiai ka kumumanaʻo o ka pahiki, pono i ka hopena o ka equivalence o hiki wale mai. No ka nui loa hoomaopopo nana ma ka pakuhi i SafeSearch i ka hopena o ke koho ana o ka pâʻani pôpeku a me kā lākou pili. E like me ka rula, o ka paradox - keia mea he unexpected hopena i ole e wehewehe hiki ma ke kūpili. Hall paradox mea ole ka mea wale mamuli o ka Logical ke ku e ana i ka wahi 'akomi i mai i ka kumumanaʻo o ka pahiki. We loaʻa oi ma mua o ke kakini unexplained, a mao eʻike manaʻo. No ka laʻana, kuokoa hanana elua e e conditionally e kaukaʻi, ina kekahi o lakou, aole ia e hele mai i ka la. O kŰia ua kapaia Berkson paradox.

Ma pōkole, ka paradox - keia discrepancy loaa, a manao hopena.

Hiki ano o ka hanana o na hanana: ka pähola 'ana o paradoxes

Ke scientific honua kēia mau, e hana me ke 'ano a me ka pā o uaʻike manaʻo. Aia nō kekahi nā mea mahuʻi e ae i ke ola ana o ka "pouli" o ka 'ike i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o ka' ike.

• E like me ka simpler a oi affordable mana ka mea, e kū aʻeʻoe ma muli o ke kāpili ike o na maomeka a me ke ano o ka algorithms a Logical kumu o ka manaʻo.
• E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ka papa hana no ka kūkulu i ka Ka Ikepili mea i pololei, akā, i ka manawa ia mea he maliuia mai. Ma na mea hua'ōlelo, ua hewa no ka hoʻohana Logical manaʻo mākou, akā, i kēia lā i kēia kaila ka loa pono no kanaka. E like me ka hoike ana a ka papa o ka noho maikai ana, i Ka hiki ma ka hala, akā, i kēia mau loli lawe wahi mālie a me ka lohi.
• Aia i kekahi kuhiakau wehewehe i ke kumu o ka paradox. Ua olelo ia ina eʻalo mākou me ka paradox, ka mea, olelo no predetermination o ka wā e hiki mai.

Mau ho'ākākaʻana, ua like penei: ina ka hoʻoholo ma mua kŰia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, he kanaka hiki ole hoʻololi paha aloha ia ia, nānā 'ole o ko lākouʻike, a me ka naauao. No ka mea, no kēia mau hanana ana, ma kekahi hihia, i ka hopena o ka i makemake e kue ana i ka Logical hoomaopopo ana.

ka hopena

Mākou hiki ole pono e olelo aku nei i ka mea a ka maoli kumu o ia i na hanana aʻike manaʻo. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ke olelo aku nei au no kaʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea paradox - keia "engine" o ka ike. ʻalo me unexpected hualoaʻa, he nui nä känaka 'epekema a me ka noiʻi e hele ma luna o ka lōʻihi, a paakiki alanui ma ka huli ana i ka oiaio o ko ke ao nei, a me ko lakou wahi i loko o laila.