Kawaihae Puankare Anri. Ke Kuhiakau Anri Puankare

Jules-Anri Puankare - he maikaʻi loa nä känaka 'epekema, he palahalaha holoʻokoʻa o ka hana a ia he nui na makana i loko o na wahi o ke kālaikūlohea, makemakika a me mechanics. Kēia kanaka i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o qualitative ano o topology a me ke kumumanaʻo o ka palena pau nā helu kaulike, ʻo ia i hana i ke kumu o ka pähola 'o ke kumupaʻa o ka noi. "Science a me Ke Kuhiakau" Anri Puankare - hana, a ua lilo ia i Classic,? Anoee e nā haumāna o ka iiaie oaoieei kulanui.

'epekema

Paukū Poincare lōʻihi ma mua Einstein ka pepa pihaʻi me ka hua'ōlelo o nā mea i ho'ākāka 'ka papa kuhikuhi o ka pähola' ana o relativity. No ka laʻana, ka loina o ka relativity, ka relativity o ka manaʻo o ka simultaneity, uaki hoʻononiakahi ma ka malamalama no lepa, Lorentz, kŰlń hanauna ka mämä holo o ka malamalama, hana mau o ka Maxwell nā helu kaulike, a he nui na mea e ae.

Puankare Anri hoʻomohala i ka poe uuku a aiao iaoia, a noi aku la ia i ka pilikia ma ka lani mechanics, oia no hoi aʻo kū kaʻawale Classic ekolu-kino pilikia. E like me ka kālaiʻike ka mea, ua hiki ke hana i kekahi pono hou kuhikuhi, kapa conventionalism.

kamaliʻi

Aina hanau o ke nä känaka 'epekema nui ma Lorraine ma Nancy ma Farani April 29, 1854. Kona makua kāne - Leon Puankare - i ia manawa ua'ōpiopio loa, akā, ua pono-ike i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a puni ma ka 'inikua practitioner i ka mea āna i'ō i keʻena hoʻokolohua haʻawina a haʻi'ōlelo ma ka Lapaʻau o'āuna kumu o ke kula nui. Kona makuahine - Eugenia - hoala keiki. Ke kaikamahine iʻaʻole i like ka nui e hopohopo nei, e like me ka mea uuku Jules-Anri Puankare: kona preoccupation me ka manawa lilo i mea kaʻao.

Motherʻana i kaʻike i keia deficiency paipai congenital haawi like me ka hohonu loko manao, a ihola ia distracted mai ka aku o ka lanakila. Eia hou, ma hope o ka diphtheria Anri Puankare kuai i ka hou e like ai - pili vowel kani me kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu. Kēlā wā i kēia wā keiki (oi aa, ma ke ano maoli) i keia mea e like ai. Anri Puankare mālama i kēia hiki no ke ola.

ka hale kula

He hana ia me ka pēpē i ka maoli haumāna, a he kanaka o ke ākea hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, i ka hānau kumu - Alphonse Gintselin. Ma waho aʻeo ia na rula o ka grammar, mōʻaukala, a me ka hana kemika kālaimeaola keiki koke ke kahu moku a pau eha makemakika hana, a lilo iho la ia oluolu, e helu i loko o kou naau. Nä ĸÖkuhi Na Ke jobs in ia i haʻalele, ka mea, aole au a kakau i kekahi mea, no laila, i ke ano maikai auditory hoomanao o ke keiki worsened, a ikaika ae la. Ma ke ala, i ka Kimia fixation o kona mau discoveries oia i ole makemake, ka palapala, ua paakiki ole. Ua hele aku la i ka hua hoʻomanaʻo.

lyceum

Kumu nansiyskom Lyceum olioli i ka mea, aʻo ai inquisitive a me ka ikaika haumāna me Puankare Anri. He la ia he maikai ka home aʻo, a koke hoomaka ae la e aʻo i loko o ka lua o ka papa. Ke aloha i kākau pepa (essay), makemakika, hoi, ka mea, ua maʻalahi, akā, hana aloha no ia, ka mea, i ole i ikeia.

Wale i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope i Puankare Anri makuwahine hele mai ka luuluu kumu a me kana keiki wanana mai nui makemakika wā e hiki mai. Akā, manaʻo huhū i kēia, ke keiki hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina i loko o ka moʻokalaleo Oihana ma ka Kele i ka Roma, a me nā Classics kahiko. Liberal kilokilo ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka nä känaka 'epekema nui no ka umikumamaono makahiki ua oi aku piha. I ka mea ia manawa, he mau hanana o ka nui manaʻo nui i loko o ke ola o ka i wale Farani akā, i ka pau ana o 'Eulopa: ka Franco-Prussian War, a me ka Paris kamaʻilio.

kulanui

Menina lilo i ka BA (Language Arts a me Sciences), Puankare Anri hoomaka këia kula haʻahaʻaa makemakika - e maoli enthusiastically. A me ka anahonua, a me ka hōʻailona helu a me ka makemakika Ka Ikepili - pau keia sverhseroznaya scientific moʻokalaleo ua e like me ka malama ia no elike, oia literally ono kela laina Rouche mau mau palapala, Bertrand, Sala, Duhamel no ia ia. pela oia i aoia Elementary makemakika i ka makahiki.

Ecole polytechnique

I mea e hana ana ma ke aupuni a me ka poe koa i loko o ka maikai oaoieei-kulana, Puankare Anri lilo kekahi haumāna o ka Ecole Polytechnique, kahi, i lana ai, ua ma ke alakaʻi i waena o nā haumāna i loko o aneane pau kamaaina mua. He i ole loaa ia ma ka unuhi, sketching, a me koa mea.

Ma kona mau Nails, no kekahi laʻana, uaʻaʻohe laua a converging, kahi a lakou i manao iho e ia, a hiki pono pololei laina. Akā, i loko o ke kālaikūlohea, kemika a me ka makemakika,ʻo ua, no ka ikaika i i ole i loaʻa i kona mau na¯. Ma hope o ua noho mai ka Ecole Polytechnique wā e hiki mai nui nä känaka 'epekema hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka Mountain, i mua i seriously no maoli noiʻi.

kula o Mines

I ka manaʻo nui iʻimi a loaʻa kekahiʻaoʻao mai o kona mau manaʻo i kona mau haʻawina ma ke kula o Mines, i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, e lilo ia i ke kumu o ka doctoral ia hoʻi. A pau i i ole pili i makemakika, oia ua oki ia e hana hoihoi, me ke koe o ka hoʻokahi wale nō mineralogy. A me ka ole o ka mineralogy a me kona pauku e pili ana crystallography. No ka mea, na mea a pau, ua ike oia ma ka manawa Anri Puankare ma ka 'epekema, loach vilos puni ka pähola' ana o nā pūʻulu, ma na kinematics o ka puaʻa hiwa hua hoʻohui crystallography - kekahi o ka manaʻo nui o ka palapala noi o kēia lālā o ka makemakika, oiai aneane Hōʻuluʻulu. A i kākau i ka ia hoʻi. Ua ua loaa lehulehu accolades mai na Kumu a me nā kānakaʻepekema. Ua hāʻawi mai hoʻi i ka pono, e aʻo aku i loko o kulanui, ma mua o ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao nui, a i kekahi manawa i hana ia ma ka puunaue ana o Vesoul i loko o nā mines. I ka 1979, Anri Puankare University, hiki ma Cannes e aʻo makemakika Ka Ikepili.

kuleana 1881

I ka makahiki 1881, i ka loa authoritative akeakamai Palani Magazine paʻi ka 'atikala ma ka Poincare Fuchsian mana, a ua he Hopu i loko o ka' epekema a makemakika. Over ka mau makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua oi aku iwakalua-kumamalima 'atikala. hoomaka Europa mathematicians e pono kanaka hoʻoponopono nāʻanuʻu o ka hou makemakika malamalama.

Fuchsian oihana Hoolaa i kekahi 'atikala elima, kela mea keia mea o ka a i kekahi maoli scientific loaʻa. I loko nō o ka loa hohonu he tutua kai i loko o makemakika ma ka makahiki 1881 ma Jules-Anri Puankare he manawa e haule i loko o ke aloha, e mare a me ka neʻe me kona 'ohana, mai Noremana a hiki i Paris, e hoʻomaka e ao ana i ke kulanui.

Paris

I ke poʻo o ka kulanui opiopioʻepekema mea eha nui haʻawina i lawe mai ai me ka mahalo i ka palena pau nā helu kaulike, integral curves me kā lākou singular heluʻai a me ka kali pōʻaiapuni, ia ho i ka hou lala o makemakika like me ka 'epekema. Puankare Anri iwakalua-ehiku koho nona na palapala iʻikeʻia ma ka puke, e hoomaha ma luna o mākou Pohon i hana ole, no ka mea, qualitative ano kumumanaʻo diffentsialnyh nā helu kaulike a hiki ole i kekahi hana. He fundamentally hou ahu iho la ka makemakika koi hou study: ki ina hana like o ka liʻiliʻi aiao me ke kumumanaʻo o integral invariants, a me ke kumumanaʻo o ke kumupaʻa o ka palena pau nā helu kaulike i loko o ka mea kiko'î a ka poe liilii, a me ka loiloi mua ana.

Kela manawa, i ka 1886, Anri Puankare lilo i ke poo o ka Oihana o makemakika ke kālaikūlohea a me ka pahiki pähola ma ke Kulanui o Paris, a ma ka makahiki 1887, ua kohoʻo ia i lâlâ o ka Palani Academy o Sciences. E wehewehe ana ma muli o ka discoveries: ka kumumanaʻo o automorphic oihana, combinatorial topology, palena pau anahonua, algebraic topology, pahiki kumumanaʻo, ooieoeiiaeuiiai Ka Ikepili , a he nui no nā mahinaʻai o ka ike mea hou i ka mea pohihihi i Puankare Anri.

physicist

Ekolu-dimensional kuekueni o ka makemakika ke kālaikūlohea haʻilula o ka pähola 'ana o propagation nalu (diffraction), wela conduction pilikia, i ka kumumanaʻo o ka Loaʻaʻia, ka rationale o ka loina hooponopono o Dirichlet - keia mea i nā mea a pau i i hoʻokolokolo, Ke aeia'ku nei, a hoao iho la ia i ka maikaʻi loa nä känaka' epekema ma ka loa pōkole wā o ka manawa. E like me ke keiki, oia hakilo iho spellbound i loko o ka hohonu o ka hoku o ka po, a me ka manawa kanaka makua Poincare ike i na kino lani ole hoʻolako wale i ka malamalama i kanaka keʻike i ka maka ke kino, akā, no ka 'ē aʻe, maalea, clarifying i ka manaʻo. "Science a me Ke Kuhiakau" Anri Puankare - hana, hookahe ka malamalama ma na mea he nui nīnūnē e pili ana i ke kanaka pokole o-iao?ʻike manaʻo.

I ka 1889, oia loaa he lahui ia nā kumu kāki no kana hana ma "lani mechanics", i ka ekolu-kino ke kālaikūlohea, ka mākia o ka i mālama ai i ke kaula o ka wa kahiko poem ma Roma: Nunquam praescriptos transibunt sidera Nā uku hoʻopaʻia - "Mai i kekahi, i ka hoakaka palena o ko ke ao nei." E möakäka hou o keia wahi kūpono i loko o ka ekolu-ka leo hoonoho "New ano o ka lani mechanics", lilo iho la ia i ka Classic o? Iie noiʻi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o kilohōkū a me mechanics, akā, i loko o quantum mechanics a ana helu ke kālaikūlohea. E like me ka hopena, Kumu Puankare Anri ma ka Sorbonne, i kono e alai i ka oihana o ka lani mechanics ma laila, a ua oluolu i ke kaumaha. He umi makahiki o këia i ka kumumanaʻo o ka pahiki a me ka makemakika ke kālaikūlohea ma Paris hala me ka lā hoʻokahi.

zenith

E hana Puankare Anri "Science a me Ke Kuhiakau" i paʻiʻia ma ka 1902, a kahea aku ma ka 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano nui resonance, mai ke nä känaka' epekema kakau iho la, ma luna o nā mea a pau, o ka pokole i ka mea, aole loa i loko o kekahi - aole ma ka makahiki, aole hoi i ka manawa, kanaka haha loa i pili neʻeʻana, e like ana lakou i manao aiʻokoʻa. I koho wale mechanical e mea kūʻiʻo, a me ka poʻe me ka 'ole-Euclidean anahonua hiki ole ke manaʻo like' epekema.

Iloko o ke ola ana o ka Poincaré loaa a pau ano o ka inoa, Ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka waiwai pio:, ka mea, ua kapaʻia ma hope o ka Paris Institute o Balanced a me ka nui lua pele ma luna o ka (pouli)ʻaoʻao o ka mahina.