Ke ano o ka pulmonary holo i loko o mammals

Ke circulatory'ōnaehana a me ka hanu i interconnected structurally a functionally. Together ka mea, i nui oihana o ka meaola e leie aku e hoolako i oxygen ma nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko me ka mahuaola. A mai ka holoholona mua, hapa i naʻi i ka aina, aia no he hoʻohuiʻana o kēia mau 'oihana. Ua 'oi aku ka nui oi aku o mall hui a me kaʻoi loa o physiology i na rula e ola ana ma ka honua.

Naehana hanu a me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoaiie o mammals, amphibians, manu, a me nā mea kolo he o na moku maʻiʻaʻai, naau a me ke koko. Ma keia ano i ka pulmonary holo ua loa na poe ma ka malamalama, oa pulmonary capillaries, i hoolako i ke koko i ka arteries, a ua haawiia mai ma na aa koko. Ua mea noteworthy i ka mall o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai ma waena o ka pulmonary holo ma kahi e, no ka mea, o ka mea naehana'āpana, a me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoaia mea ua noʻonoʻo i ka hookahi ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima.

Ka moʻo kaapuni ana o ka pulmonary holo

Small kaiapili kapa paʻa kaapuni o ka moku i lawe i ke koko mai o ka naau a hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai, a ua hoouna mai hoʻi i ka hoʻi. I ka Ia manawa, hoʻowahāwahā i ka oko ao ma ka physiology o ke koko holo, ka pulmonary circulatory kaapuni o mammals mea e okoa mai ia o amphibians, mea kolo, a me na manu. Me ka polokalamu ma mammals i oi ma ka pono ma mua o na mea e ae. Ma kekahi, ua mau no ka 4-keʻena naʻau.

E like me na palena ma waena o nā ipu a pau o ke kino , aole ia e ola ana, alaila i ka conditional hoʻomaka o ka pulmonary holo ua noʻonoʻo i ka ventricle akau o ka naau o ka aeaia ieaeiieoa?. Ana ma pulmonary kumu koko nele o ka oxygen, ka mea, ua kuhikuhi ia pulmonary capillaries. Keʻano o ka hanaʻana kinoea maholahune 'ia i loko o ka alveolar epithelial keena, ' ōlelo kala i loko o ka lumen o na alveoli, a me carbon dioxide i ka hopu ka oxygen. Hope e hoopaa ana i ka hemoglobin, a ua kuhikuhi ia ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka naau ma ka pulmonary aa koko. Hōʻike he kiʻikuhi o ka pulmonary holo, e na welau ma ka atrium hema, a me ka systemic koko kahe mai ka ventricle hema huli no.

A uuku kaiapili o ke koko holo manu

Ke physiology o ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana loa manu e like mammals, me pono me i he 4-keʻena naʻau. Ma amphibians a me nā mea kolo o ka naau o ka 3-keʻena. E like me ka hopena, he uuku kaiapili o ka holo manu huakai kaapuni o ka ia me ka mammals. Eia, mai ka ventricle akau kahe venous koko a hiki i ka pulmonary capillaries. Oxygenation enriches i ke koko me ka o oxygen i ulaula koko keena, mai ka arterial koko ua kaʻi aku i ka atrium hema, a mai laila - i loko o ka ventricle, a me ka systemic holo.

Pulmonary holo o ka manu a me ka mammals

Oe E paha pohihihi mai i ke koko kahe ana i loko o na aa koko o ka pulmonary holo i loko o na manu, mammals, mea kolo a me amphibians. No laila, i loko o mammals no ka pulmonary artery i na capillaries e kahe ana venous koko depleted o ka o oxygen, a loaʻa ka carbon dioxide i loko o nui mea. Ma hope o oxygenation o ka arterial koko ma ke aa koko ua alakaʻi i ka naʻau. He noteworthy i loko o ka systemic holo ua mau kahe arterial koko mai o ka naʻau ma nā arteries wale, a me ka venous hoʻi i ka naʻau ma na aa koko.

Pulmonary holo o nā mea kolo, a amphibians

E hoohauhee ana i ka pulmonary holo o ka rana, aole ia i oko mai ia mai o mammals. Eia naʻe, ma ka physiology i ka mea okoa: no ka mea, o ka mea 3-keena cardiac venous a me ka arterial koko i hui pūʻia. No ka mea, na arteries o ke kino a me akemāmā, e kahe anaʻo ka malihini liluwelo loli. A venous aa koko o ke kino hoʻi ma ka naʻau, a laila, i hui pūʻia i loko o ka ekolu-keʻena naʻau. Nolaila, i ka hapa puʻe o o oxygen i loko o nā arteries o ka poe liilii, a me ka nui holoʻaneʻane'ālike. No ka mea kolo e anu-koko.

Mea kolo e hoi ekolu-o ke keʻena o ka naʻau, akā, i loko o ka luna, a malalo apana o ka huina ventricle he mea ka germ o ka paku. Crocodiles a me nā mea a pau paku ma waena o ka pono a me ka ventricle hema ua aneane hana. He i wale i kekahi helu o nā lua. E like me ka hopena, crocodiles i oi Hardy a me ka nui hoʻohālikelike i nā mea kolo. I ka Ia manawa ka mea, ua i ike ana i ka dinosaurs i ka naau, i pili ana i ka papa o ka mea kolo. Paha ka mea no hoi i aneane he piha paku i loko o ka ventricles. ʻOiai ka hoike meaʻaʻole paha ia e loaa.

Ka Ikepili o ke ano o ka uuku kaiapili o kanaka circulatory

Ma kānaka, ke kinoea pānaʻi ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Eia, ke koko, oia ke carbon dioxide i a me ka oxygenated. 'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o ka pulmonary koko holo. Kekahi me kēia noaia o ka pulmonary holo, hoʻokumu 'ia ma ke kumu o naehana physiology noiʻi, e hoʻomaka ana mai o ka ventricle akau. 'Ana mai o ka pulmonary kiwikā pulmonary kumu Pńk'pika. No ka mea, o kona papa i māhele mau neʻe aku lala pulmonary arteries ma ka akau a me ka lima hema akemāmā.

Pulmonary artery iho pinepine ae la oia i puunaue ai, a pepe i na capillaries, penetrating i ke anuanu kino'aʻaʻa. Kinoea, e loaa hou ia lŘlŘ 'ana i ia mau mea ma ka lewa-koko ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai ua la i komo ai o ka alveolar epithelial keena. Ma hope o oxygenation o ke koko ua ohi ia ma venules a me aa koko. mai kēlā me kēia akemāmā, a me ka lima hema atrium mau lau kahe ana no ka 4 pulmonary aa koko. Ka mea, e lawe aku i ke arterial koko. Ma ka pulmonary circulatory puni na welau a originates systemic holo.

Ke liluwelo manaʻo nui o ka pulmonary holo

Small p ÷ʻia i loko o ka phylogeny o ka meaola i hoʻomaka i ka panalāʻau mua i ka aina. Ma na holoholona e noho ana i loko o ka wai a me ka loaa ana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i oxygen i kahi e. Evolution ua hana a me nā naehana hui: mua na mea traheistye maʻiʻaʻai, a laila, - alveolar eiiieaena. A ka mea, ua me ka Hekikai o ke akemāmā? Acaeoey? A pulmonary holo.

Mai keia wahi i ka evolution o meaola e noho ana ma luna o ka'āina, nona ma optimizing ka oxygen ma ka hopu a me ka transporting ia i nā'aʻaʻa ia e hoopau ana. Ka nele ana o ke koko paʻipaʻiʻia ai i loko o ka lua o ka ventricles mea i he nui evolutionaryʻano papa hana. Mahalo iā ia, nae mehana-koko mammals a me nā manu. Nō hoʻi, nui importantly, o ka 4-o ke keʻena o ka naʻau mea e hoʻopaʻa i ke kūpono 'ana o ka lolo, no ka mea, eʻai nō ia i ka hapaha o ka heluna oxygenated koko.