Keena macrophages. He aha ka mea a me ka mea a lakou i hana

Kēia 'atikala discusses ke kahuaʻano papa hana o ka e hoʻonele, a laila waiwai o ke kino, e hoomalu aku i kona keena e ku e ia na waiwai (antigens) ole pathogens (koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi). E hoʻonele hiki ke hanaʻia i loko o nāʻaoʻao. Ka mua ua kapaia humoral, a wehewehe aku ma ka hanauna o kūikawā aiiay nā polokina - gamma-globulin, a me ka lua - o ka halepaahao, a ua muli ma ka kŰia o phagocytosis. Ua ua kena ae la ma ka ho okumu i loko o nā nā loko pili i ka endocrine a me ka 'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana, hana kūikawā aeee: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Keena, macrophages: He aha ka mea?

Macrophages pū me nā aiiay aeee (monocytes) i nui nā hale phagocytosis - ka hopu 'ana a me ka digestion o na waiwai a me pathogens i hooweliweli i ka maʻamau ola o ka meaola. Ho'ākāka 'ia ma aiiayʻano papa hana i loaa a? Anoee e Lūkini physiologist Mechnikov i ka 1883. He ua no hoi ua ike ia ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele pili i ka phagocytosis - aiiay pane mea i malama keena, mai ka genome o ka hookoiaʻino wale i o na Luna, kapaʻia antigens.

He mea pono e maopopo i ka pukana: na macrophages - aeee i mea keia? Ke hoole i kā lākou cytogenesis. Mau keena i loko mai monocytes, a ua haʻalele ke koko, a komo i loko o ka'aʻaʻa. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia diapedesis. I ka hopena o ia mea ke kahua o macrophages i loko o ka parenchyma o ke akepaʻa, akemāmā, lymph aka wahi a me spleen.

No ka laʻana, i ua hoʻomaopopo me ka haole waiwai trapped i loko o ka pulmonary parenchyma ma kekahi receptors alveolar macrophages mua. A laila, i kēia mau'ōnaehana paleʻea keena ale iho, a hōʻuluʻulu antigens a me pathogens, hiki ka pale 'ana i ka ÷ naehana hanu nā loko mai pathogenic konohiki a me toxins, e like me ka luku i ka (particles) o kaʻawahia i loko o Nine Inch na maʻiʻaʻai me ka hapa o ka lewa i ka hoʻoulu. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i hoike ia ka nui o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea haʻawina o alveolar macrophages like aiiay koko keena - monocytes.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole a me ka hana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keena

Phagocytic aeee i ka kekahi cytological 'ole, a hoʻoholo i ka hana o macrophages. Lākou aeeaʻili lahilahi mea hiki ke ho okumu i pseudopodia e lawelawe nei no ka pūliki pono aʻelaʻo a Hoamakeikekula haole (particles). Ua piha ka digestive organelles ka cytoplasm - lysosomes e hōʻoia 'lysis o toxins, nā mea hoʻomaʻi paha koʻohune. Mitochondria mea i ike, synthesizing ka lātoma adenosine triphosphate, i mea no ka papa kuhikuhiE ikehu waiwai macrophages. Aia o he ano o ke paipu a me omo - ka endoplasmic reticulum i ke kumuʻiʻo-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes. Koi i ke alo o kekahi a oi nuclei, pinepine o ole shape. Polynuclear macrophages kapa symplasts. Ka mea, e hana me ka hopena o intracellular karyokinesis, me ka hookaawale ana ka hapanui o ka cytoplasm.

'ano o nā macrophages

He mea pono e noonoo i ka eia, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka makahiki "macrophages" i keia mea i kekahi ano o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea hale a me ka nohona tsitosistema. No ka laʻana, hoomaopopo paʻa a me ka noa aiiay keena. Ka mua pūʻulu kikowaena alveolar macrophages, phagocytes parenchyma cavities a me na nā loko. No hoi kau i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea keena makana i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o osteoblasts a me lymph aka wahi. Nei a me ke koko-ho okumu i nā loko - ake, spleen a me ka ʻulaʻula iwi lolo - i pihaʻi me haka pono macrophages.

He aha mea he halepaahao-mediated e hoʻonele

Ka luna 'ano o nā phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu hui i loko o ka lahui efficient'ōnaehana i pololei hoakaka i ka hiki e ku imua o pathogenic a me kaʻawahia hope, a, e luku ia lakou ma ka hoʻopio aku i a me ka digestion. No hoi, ma ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele'ōnaehana hoʻolako nā mea'aʻaʻa hua mai la ia e T- a me B-lymphocytes, e hoopaa ana i ka ili honua antigens o nā mea hoʻomaʻi, koʻohune a me intracellular parasites rickettsiae a me ka chlamydiae.

ʻike ākea'ōnaehana paleʻea koko-ho okumu i nā loko, a hooku iho la tonsils, spleen a me ka lymph aka wahi, hana i ka loiloi hookahi'ōnaehana i me a me ke koko, a me ka immunogenez.

Ke kūlana o nā macrophages i loko o ke kahua o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea iaiyoe

Ma hope o Hoʻokaʻaʻike me ka antigen aeee hiki o phagocytosis, e hiki no i ka "hoomanao" ka biochemical holoʻokoʻa o ka pathogen, a kuleana no ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino? Iecaianoaaiiuo mea hou-anal i loko o ka halepaahao e ola ana i ka la mahope. Aia he mau ano o immunological iaiyoe: maikaʻi a me ka io. Ua o ia nō ka hopena o ka ha awina o lymphocytes hua mai la i loko o ka thymus, spleen, plaques ma ka intestinal paia a me ka lymph aka wahi. Mau nā nā mea loaʻa a me lymphocytes - keena a me monocytes - macrophages.

A maikaʻi immunological iaiyoe ua 'ano physiological kumu no ka vaccination like me ka ano o ka pale infectious ka maʻi. Mai ka paʻa keena koke hoʻomaopopo antigens mea i loko o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo, ka mea, koke hālāwai i ka kokololio kahua o aiiay nā mea'aʻaʻa. Ke kŰia o ka hopena maikaʻi'ōnaehana paleʻea iaiyoe e ia i loko o ka mea ma ka transplantation e emi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka rejection o transplanted nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa.

I ka pilina o ka hematopoietic a me ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoai

All keena komo kino no kona palekana i ka pathogens a me kaʻawahia 'ona ua loaʻa i loko o ka iwi lolo, i mea i ka hematopoietic hui,. Thymus ole thymus pili i ka endocrine'ōnaehana, i ka hana o ka waihona ipu 'ole e hoʻonele. I ke kanaka kino, a me kaʻulaʻula iwi lolo, thymus a me ka mea, ma ka mea, o ka luna nā loko o ka immunogenesis.

Phagocytic keena luku pathogens e i ana pū ma ka li nui i loko o ka iho mailoko o nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. Ka mea, hua mai la i ka kūikawā 'Oponopono - platelet ho'ā' ia ololi (PAF), a maoli he ka permeability o na moku koko. Penei, he nui helu o macrophages, mai ke koko, e hiki i ka wahi o ka pathogen, a luku aku ia.

Ma hope o këia macrophages - i ke ano o ke keena ma ka nā loko ka mea, i hua mai, a mea hana i lawe mai - ua ike mākou mea, a me nā 'ano o nā lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), ka mea, i ka papa kuhikuhiE'ōnaehana paleʻea keena.