Makahiki o ka hookumuia'na mai o Rostov ka Nui, ka mea mua olelo ai i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka 862 makahiki

Rostov ka Nui - ke kahiko Lūkini kulanakauhale. Archaeologists ma na kapakai o Lake Nero loaʻa hoike o kahiko Luna Hooponopono ma Neolithic manawa. Ia mea ke kumu o ka makahiki kiko'ī o ka hookumu ana mai o Rostov ka Great,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa. Mau tausani makahiki aku nei na kanaka mua i noho ma laila. Maoli ai, ka mea, ua pau pegana, ko lakou mau luakini lehulehu olelo e pili ana ia. Makahiki o ka olelo mua o ke kulanakauhale o Rostov e hoomalu aku i ole pela loihi. "Moʻolelo o Bygone Nam" Hōʻike ka 862-la, a ma ka 991 a hiki i ka poʻe e noho lā ma Rostov Orthodox.

Karistiano-oaio? A ma ka hikina ńkau o Rusia

Mai keia wahi i kokoke kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale e pili koke e halii mai i Kristiano, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i paganism ku HOU, he lōʻihi loa manawa. ʻO kanawalu makahiki ma ka Rostov aina no ka mea hou hoomana devotees make. No laila,ʻo ia i make ma ka pegana Bishop Leonty i ka 1071. Ma waho aʻeo ia haipule, Rostov ka Nui, nona ka heluna no na makahiki kokua Rusia, mai ka mea maloko enemi kaua, mai ka hikina a me ke kūkulu'ākau,ʻo ia i mālama i ka waiwai a me ka pili mawaena konu o ka na'lii o Kiev. Ka mea, ua mai hele mai la a hiki i Rostov luna - nā keiki kāne a ka Kievan aliʻi.

A Year o Great Rostov hookumu ana ka ike ole ia mai, akā, no ka huina me ka mākaʻi, mai ka mea mua i olelo ia i loko o ka "nui o Bygone Makahiki". A i ka lā o ke kulanakauhale i ka 2012, kaulana i ka 1150th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka momi o ka "Golden alii". He hoʻomanaʻo aʻela nā aliʻi kaulana i hou nani o ke kulanakauhale. Nā keiki kāne a St. Vladimir - Bapetite o Rus ', i ka hookahi' aneʻi. Kēia illustrious Yaroslav Mudry, hope pepehi Svyatopolk hoohewaia oia, a me Prince Boris, mea, a me kona kaikaina Gleb, Murom luna, lilo iho la ia i ka wa mua. ua ike i ke kūlanakauhale o Rostov ka Nui o na kanaka kaulana ma kona ola lōʻihi - a me nā koa nui a me ka nui hewa.

By Yaroslava Mudrogo i Andreya Bogolyubskogo

Keiki Yaroslav Vsevolod, Prince o Kiev, Rostov i aina i kana keiki - Vladimir Monomakh. A laila, na rulaʻaneʻi Yuri Dolgoruky, mai i ke kulanakauhale o Rostov Veliky hele akula i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka mea kaulana no kona pono ola Prince Andreyu Bogolyubskomu. A pau makemake e maikai, akā,ʻaʻole i noho ai 'aneʻi luna. I loko nō o ka mea i ka makahiki o ka hookumu ana nui o Rostov ua nui mua, Andrew hoʻoneʻe i ke kapikala mai Rostov a hiki i Vladimir. Kupa o ke kulanakauhale e hihia lakou a pau i ka lōʻihi: no ke aha lāʻaʻole e like Kiev Rostov,ʻaʻole Vladimir? No ka mea mua ma Yuri Dolgoruky hoomaka ae la e kahea aku ma Rostov ka Nui. A oi a multinational Europa, a me kaʻoluʻolu - ua piha o epithets na mooolelo a pau.

Kuia alii ahaolelo, a me ka hewa mau manao. Intertwining a puni Andreya Bogolyubskogo ka hewa, a me ka koko kipi. Apparently, ka mea, ua hiki ole ke hana pela. Loa koke, me ka hou kulanakauhale o Rostov a me Novgorod outgrown lākou kanaka nui. I keia la, ke kahiko kulanakauhale, a ua emi iki mahope o ka olelo o ka heluna kanaka a me ka wahi, a me ka hoʻomōhala hou - i Nizhny Novgorod a me Rostov-ma-Don. Paha o ka Haku hoopaiia. Naʻe, i ka manawa o ka moʻolelo o Rostov ka Great ua maoli kiʻi, a me ka inoa o kona, oia apo oi ma mua pono. Ua ua i ia manawa i ka nui Lūkini kulanakauhale, Aia i loko o ka wahi o ka elua haneri eka.

ʻumikumamākolu kenekulia

A Year o Great Rostov ka waihona ipu ua mamao hope ia ma ka olelo o ka heluna kanaka a me ka wahi, oia ua ulu nui i ua lua wale ia Kiev a me Novgorod. Ma hope o ka pepehi pepehi kanaka o Andreya Bogolyubskogo i ka 1174 noho i wae mai i kā lākou mau aliʻi o Novgorod ka luna, akā, ua Mstislav,ʻaʻole e lawe i kekahi kulanakauhale nui ma lalo o kona mau'ēheu.

Kekahi manawa rula kaikaina Andrew Michael, a laila, hoomaka ae la oia e noho alii ma Rostov, Vsevolod ka Big pūnana, a noho iho ma luna o ke aliʻi noho alii a hiki i 1212. A laila, ua he lōʻihi, a kaua koko ma waena o kāna mau keiki kāne, a he kaua uuku hiki ma a Constantine i luku, a waiho i kona aliʻiʻana ma Stolnyy Vladimir, a Rostov i Yuri luku ia.

mau meʻe

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Constantine a hiki i ka noho aliʻi Rostov noho kana keiki cornflowers. Ua o ia - a me Yuri, cornflowers - ikaika, heʻoluʻolu a me ka nui aloha e nā mea a pau i poe kauwa nana. Ua o ia make i ka lā hoʻokahi ma March 1238 i loko o ke kaua me temnik Batu Burundai. Yuri ke poo a me ka cornflowers, a ua lawe pio, akā,ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi. He hoole, e malama aku i ka Tatars a i pepehiia.

Mau luna hou a hiki i ka papa inoa o ka poe haipule ma ka Lūkini Land mea nāna i ulana. Au pono aku nei au ia i kā lākou mau alii i loko o kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia, ka aina ua literally ka pua: kukulu monasteries o Rostov ka Nui, ka hoopai ana i ka kūkulu. White pohaku Hale Pule Nui o ka mea mahuʻi, i mea nō haʻaheo o ke kulanakauhale, i pau ponoia mai luna cornflowers.

Ka poe kakauolelo a me na koa

More o Constantine, i kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka inoa o ka Wise no ke aloha o ke akamai, a me ka ike o ka heluheluʻana, no ka hana ana i na luakini, hoomaka ae la ma Rusia 'oihana hoʻonaʻauao aupuni. I ka 1204, ma muli Grigorievsky hoʻopau - haipule kula, ka mea mua i loko o Rusia. Bishop Cyril patronized knigopisi: me iaʻumikumamākahi nā loina o ka parchment i i, a mākou i ua laki lawa i ka ike. Chronicle o 862 makahiki i ma ole 'o ia hoʻi ka mea wale nō i kekahi, a pili ia i ke kulanakauhale o Rostov.

Akā, me ka Tartars hoʻomau aku i ko lakou mau kaua. Ua nui na manawa i ka Rostov koa make i loko o nā kaua aneane loa. City hiki ole i loko o ia manawa, e pale aku i ka poʻe komohewa, akā, no ka mea, mea,ʻaʻole no laila, pinepine wela, a i kā. Aka hoi, a hiki i ka manawa loa weliweli o ka Tatar-Mongol auamo kulanakauhale e kukulu hoomauia, nā moʻolelo i maona ae. Eia naʻe, nā kupa o Rostov aole loa e hoolohe i kekahi. Pinepine mai ai i loko o ka uprising e kū'ē i ka rula o ka Tatars. I kekahi lā ma ka 1320, Ivan Kalita, Prince o Moscow, brutally uhi pū kekahi o ia mau mea. Boyars i loa i hōkaiʻia. I ka mea ia manawa, a me na makua o St. Seregio i haʻakoi, e neʻe mai lākou kūlanakauhale ka home a hiki i ke kauhale o Radonezh.

Kanawai me ka hakaka a me ka kaua

Mau kenekulia i loko o ka lalani - umikumamaha, a me ka la umikumamalima - hoomauia fragmentation o ka Rostov na'lii, no keia mea, i ka pili aupuni manaʻo nui o ke kulanakauhale nui, haule iho la increasingly. I ka 1328-ka m, a hiki i ke kulanakauhale, alaila i i nā'āpanaʻelua, ma waena o Prince Constantine moopuna. Ua kuai Candlemas o ka koke subordinate i Moscow, a me Boris, a ma Moscow ma oi ma mua o ke kenekulia ma Ivan III. Kaua o Kulikovo koi a pau Lūkini kanaka. Au e i noho ma luna o ka sidelines a me ka piko o Rostov ka Nui.

Rostov paukū ku iho ma lalo o ka hae o Dmitry Donskoy. Ma keia kaua komo, a make iho la ia heroically elua Rostov Princess - Darya Rostovskaya a me Antonina Puzhbolskaya. Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o Rostov e pili ana i ke Aliʻi o ka aha, ma kahi he keiki o Sergiya Radonezhskogo hope, Archbishop Theodore, hoʻokumu i ka hoailona o ke Kalikimaka. Description o Rostov ka Nui o ia mau makahiki mai nei i ka maikai Leeuwerikplein wahi nō haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka piko o ke kuai? Ooia - mai 'aneʻi i ke alanui, hele i ka White Sea, a ma ka umikumamaono kenekulia, ua wehe England i kuai oihana i loko o Rostov.

Mai kālai'āina i Orthodoxy

Akā, mai ke ola pili aupuni o Rostov increasinglyʻaeʻa lākou. Eia naʻe shirilos la a me kona aoao ma o ka ekalesia, ke ola o ka aina. Ma ke kenekulia umikumamaha, hoomaka ae la ka kūloko lunakiai, e kahea aku archbishops, a ma ka 1589 i hoʻokumu 'aneʻi ka archdiocese. Manawa o ka pilikia ua lawe nui ehaeha kulanakauhale. Pono e hoomaka ana e kūkulu i kekahi ipu lepo pā e puni i ka piko o Rostov Veliky, i ka hana i kahi lōʻihi'ē mai i ka hopena, a ua unprotected ke kulanakauhale.

Ma ke kaua Rostov me kaʻauamo nō ka mea, e hele mai, a me ka mea, ua Ua paʻakikī kaiʻewaʻewa wale ana o ka pomaikai e kokoke like ke 'Aʻohe. Nā defenders o ke kulanakauhale, eha a me civilians, na koena i puʻuhonua, i loko o ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui. Enemi i hele mai e hoohuli i ka Kauhalenui Filaret (Romanov, ka makua kāne o ka wā e hiki mai mō'ī o Mikhail Fedorovich). Akā, i kaʻenemi i lawe puuhonua pepehi,ʻaʻole loa lakou e minamina i kekahi. Ka mea i luku ai i ka luakini iho, a me ke kūlanakauhale a pau, Kauhalenui pio, a lawe i ka hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe Dmitry - Tushino aihue. Eia naʻe, occupier Filaret iʻono ai, a me ka mea, ua hoopiiia oia no ka inoa o ka makua'lii.

ka wā o nā Romanovs

A hiki i kaʻauamo, a me ka Lithuanians mao home, i nā hoomaka Rostov e ola, a me ka mea mua mea hoʻomau i kūkulu pakaua. Mau puʻu kaua, a i hoʻopuniʻia ke kūlanakauhale ma luna o nā mea a pau aoao, o ka hoku a me eiwa kukuna. He nui no na hale ma lalo o ke kūkulu i wāwahi, i na ekalesia. Naʻe, ka luahi huli mai ma ka lapuwale - ma i ole i Rostov e hoomalu ia lakou iho e ku ei ka poe enemi. A pā o ka nui ole o ka hou kūpono 'ana o ke kūlanakauhale, a i wahi mau kenekulia i loko o ka lalani - umikumamawalu a me kaʻumikumamāiwa o.

Ka mua hoohiki ana o ke kulanakauhale o Rostov Velikiy mamao loa Ua no kekahi tausani makahiki, a iloko o ia manawa i haʻalele i ke kuokoa o kona kahiko hoʻomalu waena. Naʻe, i loko o ka Rostov backwoods i i huli ae. Ua Ua alakaʻi ai Rusia mau kahiko Kauhalenui Oihana, ha awina III o Iona, Kauhalenui o Rostov, mai 1652 a hiki i 1690, i ka mihi o ka makua'lii Nikon a me ka schism o ka Orthodox Church. Iona i ka pomaikai o Nikon, no laila, hāʻule i loko o hilahila a me ke alii Alexei Mikhailovich. Ma ia manawa oia i ke kiekie i ka Rostov Kremlin, i nā hale kiaʻi a pau o ka Kauhalenui Hookolokolo, kūkulu hou na heiau. Akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau i lilo i ike i ke aloha i ka mea kaulana Rostov Jonah Call: Lil bele kani i ka mea hou Orthodox kanaka.

haipule a pau i loaa ia Demeterio

Kekahi koʻikoʻi ekalesia kii o Rostov ka Great Dimitriy Rostovsky, canonized, ua Kauhalenuiʻehiku wale nō makahiki o, akā, e hoʻokele e komo i ka mōʻaukala o ka moku'āina ma ke ano nui i na mea. Ka hohonu kumumea i koe o kona uhane palapala i i ua malamaia ma lehulehu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE haipule hana i kona mau "ola o na haipule" - i ke ola o ka Russian Orthodox haipule. I ka 1757, St. i loaa ia Demeterio canonized. Kona kea laa, hiki ia, e hoomana aku i ka Mea Hemolele hoailona Yakovlevsky Rostov ka Nui.

kūlana o ke kulanakauhale, ua loli ma ka hope aku. I ka wa kuokoa Ua pono'ī nalowale me ke poʻo, Rostov ma luna o nā luna, a i hoounaia mai nei, mai Moscow. I ka 1692 i häʻawi mai ai iä ka Yaroslavl mokuna i ke kulanakauhale, a ma ka hoʻomaka o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia i Pereslavl panalaau. I ka 1777-ka m Rostov ka Nui i haawi mai ai i ke kūlana o ka Apana kulanakauhale o Yaroslavl governorship, a he umi makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i hemo, a me ka Kauhalenui oihana, no ka mea, Ua hoʻoneʻe i Yaroslavl. A hiki i kēia lā e ola ana lokomaikai poe noonoo ole Rostov kēia māhele 'āina mawaena konu o Yaroslavl māhele.

hoi na mea makau

Ano ia mea i ke kulanakauhale me ka heluna o ka pono ma luna o he kanaha tausani kanaka. Kūlanaʻo ia i nā mea a pau i ka ia - i kekahi kulanakauhale-iau, a me ka momi o ke Gula alii o Lūkini kauhale. Ma ka wahi mua iauaeoia oo? Ecia makemake e makaikai i? O ka holo ana, ke Rostov Kremlin, Kauhalenui iwilei - i ka papa kuhikuhiE attraction o kēia kūlanakauhale. ua ike i ka noho ana o ka aina i ka ho film no Ivan, a hoʻololi i kaʻoihana kahuna. No laila,ʻaʻole hoʻi he kanaka nāna i ole ike ka Rostov Kremlin mai kekahi pana pua, no ka mea, o ka pana i wahi ilaila. A hiki aku i ke kulanakauhale, nalowale Kauhalenui na oihana, hoomaka ae la ka Kremlin e hoole, a me ka lehulehu o Rostov ka mea nui i loko o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, hoihoi hou ia na hale a pau i ua kūkulu hou, a ua hoihoi hou ia. I ka 1883, ua weheʻia ka ekalesia Museum o Antiquities i loko o ka Kremlin.

Kahiko kukulu ana a me kekahi o ka loa nani wahi - ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui ma ka Hale Pule Nui Square. Ua Ua lea malamaia a hiki i kēia lā 991 makahiki. O ka holo ana, ka mea i kukulu hou ia kekahi mau manawa, a me Andrew Bogolyubsky, a me Constantine ka Wise, a me ka luna o ka basil. O keia hale i kūkulu i ka 1508. 'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE luakini o ke kulanakauhale, ma ka halekupapau o nā aliʻi o Rostov, a pau kona poe kahu. Here mākou i waiho i koena, a me ka luna cornflowers a me Kauhalenui Jonah.

Kremlin

Towers a me nā paia o ka Kremlin, hoi, i kiola i nui hope, i ka olelo mua i loko o ka moʻolelo. Ka mea, ua i ka umikumamahiku kenekulia, ka wā i ke kulanakauhale, i komo i loko o Kauhalenui Jonah. Ke kaulana Rostov belfry kukulu ia no hoi ia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ka bele kaupaona kanakolu-nā tons! E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe olelo pono Monasteries o Rostov ka Nui. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, o ka mea e ola ai Yakovlevsky Dimitriev hoailona, a, o ka papa, i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka hoailona kaulana o Aberahama. Ka mea mua i hoʻolaʻaʻia ma ka 1386 a hiki i ka Ekalesia o ka hapai ana o St. Anne. Ma ka Time o pilikia, i ka hoailona i hōkaiʻia ua holoiʻia, a hoihoi aku la ia ia hou, Kauhalenui Jonah.

Kela manawa, i ka 1780 la ka mea i hoʻopuniʻia pohaku paia, a i kūkulu Dimitrievsky hale ma luna o ka donation Sheremetiev. Keia hoailona malihini ke ike nei ma ka puka a hiki i Rostov mai Moscow. Lua - Epiphany Avraamiev monastyr- kahiko attraction, i mea pono haʻaheo o ole wale ulu, akā, i ka pau ana o ka North-Hawaiian Rusia. Mea, ua hookumuia ia ma ka iwa o ka kenekulia, ke Kahu o Aberahama, nana i pepehi i ka pagan Veles hoʻohana koʻokoʻo hua mai la, mai ka ekalesia Lūkini o Ioanna Bogoslova. Keia kookoo i me ia Ivan Grozny i loko o ke kai eʻe ma luna o Kazan a lanakila. Ma ka hanohano o kēia hanana i loko o ka palena o ka hoailona i kūkulu Hale Pule Nui o ka Epiphany i ka 1555.

Rostov ka Great kapa o ka mea Kaua

Ma mua o ka makahiki kenekulia, he hōʻailona o Rostov i ka manu e e ike hiki ma ka Sila Nui Ivana Groznogo o ka umikumamaono kenekulia. Ka Emperor he iwakalua-eha pai ana i na aina a me Lūkini kulanakauhale, i waena o i i ka pepa, a me ka Rostov. Ua ua heʻaeto lā, ke poo huli i ka akau.

Hōʻailona a me ka höʻailona o Rostov i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki kenekulia i ke dia i loko o ke kula chervlonnom. Ke dia ( "Jelenia") i humuia ma pokrovtse mō'ī Mikhail Fedorovich, ua he gula Mane a me ka pūliki koa, gula hooves a me kona mau pepeiao. Hiki i keia manawa, i kēia kiʻi mea he hōʻailona o ke kulanakauhale o Rostov ka Nui.