Meaʻai māmā no ka hooilo nā komako: ideas me horseradish, kekahi pahūpahū, kaʻukama

Rich ohi ai, mai kou punahele māla mea mau i ka olioli: kekahi manawa he mea hiki ole ke koke ai nā mea a pau i mālama uuku ae la me ia. Ua lilo i ka hilahila ina na lau, o ka oi aku nā komako, hoʻomaka e deteriorate. Akā, ulu wikamina salads me ia wili ihola, a pau loa ia uninteresting e pickle ia. Hana ole o ka manao, no ka mea, he pāʻoihana a hiki i keia pilikia, e pono e pana aku au i ka mea i kona wahi o ka noa manawa. Ma keia 'atikala aʻu i makemake makemake e paipai i kekahi mau manaʻo no pehea e kuke i ka mea ono meaʻai māmā i ka hooilo nā komako. Lākou mau kumu, nae, ua lawe nā komako ole wale akā, nā lau, hawaiian lau nahele no keʻano o ke ho'āʻo iho au i. Pono, e hoomakaukau i meaʻai māmā mohai e i e kulia kŘpa aʻuʻuku, akā, ma laila e mau ia i loko o ke anu manawa ma muaʻia mai ana kaʻohana a me nā hoaʻai. He nui ka hoao ana i nā malihini e paha i mea ano o ka meaʻai māmā nā komako no ka hooilo (ideas i hiki ke hou? Ac? E ia) e like kā lākou mauʻohana.

Ka loa kaulana iaoiaeii o ka imu

Kēia Classic Holidays no ka hooilo o kekahi pahūpahū a me ka kamako mea maikaʻi no ka poe mahalo 'naau kupono, a aole i makemake e pana aku au i ka hapalua o ka lā i loko o ka lumi kuke, ape mau kapa a pau. Ua huli moderately manoanoa, a flavorfulʻai ai:, versatile i ka hua'ōlelo o kona hui pu ana, a me nā huahana. No laila, e pono i ka hope o nā mea hoʻohui:

• 3 kilograms o nā komako (oo a me ka ulaula);
• 1 kg o ka onion;
• i nā kilo a carrots;
• kilogram o kekahi pahūpahū.

Lakou o ko lakou hoomakaukau poe noonoo ole. Ekolu carrots ma ka grater, onions shinkuem hapalua apo, nā komako a me peppers, a oki i slices ana. E hoʻohui ia pu, a me simmer ke kuke ma ka pepa a hiki i ka hui ana o nō hoʻi kō a me ka paʻakai e hoao, iki oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kiaha aila (pua nānālā). Paila no ka meaʻai māmā oe e pono ai i ka mau o ka hola, mai poina lakou e hoonui mai i ka hopena o 1 ke ala kūpono. vīnega (no ka laina i mea maikaʻi, e kuai 70 hapahaneri). Ka hoʻopauʻana o ke pa, oia no decompose ma luna o ka wela maemae kiaha, owili, a wehe i ka hoomaalili ma ka mehana wahi. Ua koe, e kali i ka hooilo, e kiʻi a me kona ohana, e hoao ia kekahi mea, akā, ono assortment o ka mahina i ka waiwai hookupu.

O ka poe i makemake i ka oi heartyʻai no ka hooilo kamako, e hele mai i ke kokua i ka raiki (parboiled loa palaoa, e like me ka rula). No laila, ma ka waena o ka imu hoʻokomo mau puna o ka holoi, a baila a hapalua mānoanoa. Loaʻono!

Nā komako me nā kaʻukama - maikaʻi loa kuikahi

Meaʻai māmā no ka hooilo nā komako a me nā kaʻukama "Lubava" i kou noonoo. Kēia Appetizers nā:

• kaʻukama - ma kahi o 2 kilograms;
• 2 kg o nā komako (loa oʻo);
• kg o ka mea ala kekahi pahūpahū Appetizers;
• i nā kilo a onions;
• uliuli kaola (i kou ho'āʻo).

Oki i ka lau a pau Nā Pola, a finely kua i nā greens. Pākuʻi i ka kūpono hui pint pua nānālā aila, 1 kauwahi. L. 70% ka vinega o Mānoa, elima nō. noho ho'āo ai. kō a me nā Art. noho ho'āo ai. ka paʻakai. A pau i ka mix, laila haʻalele i ka läÿau, no ka hapalua o ka hora e e ka waiʻai a me ka makana. Mākou i ka mea e kukeʻana i ka hora. Hot meaʻai māmā decompose i loko o sterilized kiaha, kaʻoi loa ka lawe hapa-hano waho pūnaewele. E olokaa mai, a haʻalele ia i ka pō, wahi iho la ia ma ka mea i hoopaa mai ai i wela i ke anu ala apuupuu ilalo.

Ma waho aʻeo ia "Lyubava", he mea hiki, e apono i ka makemake a me ka like ono hoʻokolohua o sayings nō delicacy. Meaʻai māmā (i loko o ka hooilo) kaʻukama "Gourmand" a me nā komako mohai aku i kou noonoo.

Kēia kūlana pona Appetizers, e paipai oe i ka lei, a ua pń kauwela, a haawi aku i kekahi hapa o nā wikamina ma luna o ke anu hooilo a Akuma ka lā. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i mea e maopopo leʻa e pau ulu kaʻukama, a kiolaia'ku ua poe nei no ka kapiia lakou a pau. Waiho ana mai i ka hoʻopau 'ana i meaʻai māmā mea maikaʻi no ka hapa-hano a hano kapa, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka helu ana o nā mea kūʻai mai i loko o ka hale. I kela a me keia o ia mau mea, ninini iho nō hoʻi i kaʻaila: hano i ka 1 tbsp. noho ho'āo ai., he hapa-hano, niioaaonoaaiii, ½ oe. noho ho'āo ai. I like huliāmahi apo okioki kaʻukama, nā komako, ono kekahi pahūpahū a me ka onion Appetizers, hōʻike mai iā lākou, mai kapa lahilahi alternating papa.

Ano, ua pono, e hoomakaukau i ka hoopiha. 3.5 kiaha o ka wai i elua Art. noho ho'āo ai. kōpaʻa, e omit i ka lokomaikaʻi nō. noho ho'āo ai. paakai a me ka hapalua o ka kīʻaha o 9% vīnega. Ana i ka marinade i ka mai hehe, Alaila hoouna koke ae nininiʻai. About ehiku i umi minuke, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka engine 'auhau kiaha, sterilize ia, aʻolokaʻa mai. Hoʻokahuli kēlā me kēia ipu, a hoʻohuli i ka mehana wahi no ka lā.

Oia i Holidays me gherkins

Ma ka lalo o ka hapa-hano la e hiki ai hoʻonui i nā meaʻala, i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hana hiki paka. Small nā komako a me nā kaʻukama ikaika (gherkins) oki nā kāʻei, koʻikoʻi a hanohano. E kau ia ma ka pa, a hui pu loa, a laila, hoʻopiha i ko lākou ipu. Marinade ua mōhai aku iā ia hana: i 1 hano o ka wai, e hui pu 1 ke o kamako kāpili ma luna (400-450 g), hoʻokomo mau Art. noho ho'āo ai. paakai, kokoke i ka piha ke kiaha o ke kōpaʻa. A pau pu i ka paila. Me ka haawi ole ninini ana me, ninini ia koke kamako a me ka kaʻukama ukuhiia sterilize kapa no ka umi minuke. Eʻolokaʻa mai i kā lākou mea hiki ke hooheheeia 'ilikai ke poʻi. Ua huli insanely ono Holidays o kamako i loko o ka hooilo hui me crunchy kaʻukama. Oe ke manao i kēia koho ka wā o nā kaʻukama a me nā komako ma ka ninini ana hoʻomākaukau kaawale.

Green nā komako - i ka delicacy!

Inā 'oe he paena, aole i lohe o ka Appetizers me oo nā komako, a i ole ho'āʻo i kekahi mea e like keia - ia mea mau Kuleana e hopu mai. Eia nō kekahi ideas no kēia nō hoʻi i loko o ke kūlana inoa.

He aha ka loa ono Holidays o ka uliuli nā komako no ka hooilo? Appetizers ideas "Sweet", "E like me ka hae" a me ka "uliuli malamalama" ma kou hana.

Ināʻaʻole lawa ka ulaula nā komako a me ka uliuli poe ma wikiwiki, e ma aaioee a me ka poe a me na mea e ae. I ka papa o ka makaukau o ka "oluolu" like penei:

• 2 nā kilo okioki slices o ka uliuli nā komako a me 1 kg o kaʻulaʻula.
• Add 1 kg o ka onion, shredded hapa-apo.
• 1 kg o coarsely papa manamana, carrots.
• 1 kg o ka mea ala kekahi pahūpahū,ʻoki apo.
• Sugar one koi 'ia 200 nā huna, a me ka paʻakai - 2 nui'ikamu. noho ho'āo ai.
• Ninini iho i ke aniani o ka aila (nō hoʻi) a me na mea a pau e e hui.
• Mākou i ka wā e hiki mai meaʻai māmā ma luna o ke ahi lōpū ke kukeʻana i kekahi hola ka pioloke mau.
• I ka pauʻana o ka imu mai i loko o ka mea i teaspoon o ka vinega (70%).
• Kekahi anal piha i loko o sterilized kiaha, uhi me ka 'ilikai ke poʻi, a haʻalele ia i ka pō, wahi mehana kapa e malama kapa kila.

He nui loa i ka punahele ua keia Holidays o nā komako (i loko o ka hoʻoilo). "Yum!" - no laila, e olelo aku no ia. Unripe nā komako i loko o ka mea hou i ka mea momona a me ka juicyʻala. wa hoomakaukau ia no ka manao.

• E koho i ka mea ia meakino-pepa paia'ōmaʻomaʻo nā komako, holoi a e ka incision ma kela a me keia.
• I loko o ka hookahi nō hoʻi e waiho i mae parsley a me ka kālika papa (i ka mea a pau clove). E hoopiha i ka hano la e hiki ai.
• Ua mea i ai i ka marinade. Per hano o ka wai i 1 tbsp. noho ho'āo ai. paʻakai paakai, 2 tbsp. noho ho'āo ai. kō a me ka hapalua hora. ho'āo ai. vīnega. Ua kūpono ukuhiia i hoolapalapaia. Hot ninini i ka marinade i loko o nā nā komako.
• E kali oe 15 minuke, a laila, omo i ka brine hoʻi i loko o ka pā hou, a lawe mai ia i ka mai hehe, hoʻopiha i ipu pinepine ae la oia. Ua koe e olokaa ae ia lakou, e kipa mai, a uhi i ka mehana kapa mua piha ka huʻihuʻiʻana.

O ka loa ono salads a me nā meaʻai māmā kamako i loko o ka hooilo hiki ole ke hoohalikeia me ka "uliuli malamalama". Keia pa, oia no ka reminiscent o ka mea lecho, kamako a haawi aku i ka hana lei a me nā hana mau kiaha. Sayings E e like penei:

• hoomakaukau mua o kaʻai. 2,5 kg o nā komako oʻulaʻula juicy lepo i loko o ka, pola a grinder.
• E koho i 2 kg o ka uliuli (maikaʻi, e lawe i ka liilii loa), e like me ka mea i hoʻohana i loko o kona olelo e lilo.
• 3 kg o kekahi pahūpahū Appetizers oki i slices lengthwise a crosswise.
• Ma keia beauty, OAXA wela peppers (waina maloʻo meaʻai māmā) - 30 nā huna o ka liʻiliʻi, finely e kua aku mākou ia.
• ʻO ia ua hana me ka 4 pai o ka parsley.
• Wili 300 nā huna o ka kālika. Hui pono.
• Ano, ma ka saucepan nui kukeʻana i ka marinade, no ka a oe pono ai: ka hapalua o ka hano a maemae ka wai, elua Art. noho ho'āo ai. vīnega (6%), 4 nui puna o ka paakai, a aneane he kīʻaha o ke kō, a me ka hapalua kīʻaha aila (pua nānālā).
• Ana i huiʻia nā mea hoʻohui i ka puʻupuʻu a me ka mea i pono i kuʻu iho ai i ka mākaukau nō hoʻi Aloha.
• Paila no ka umikumamalima minute, mau, keakea e. Koke waiho makaukau lau i loko o sterilized ipu, akā,ʻaʻole e lawe aʻe iā lākou i loko o ka wela. Ma ka aka, ia mea pono e hoomaalili i ka hoʻopau 'ana i huina hoonui, a hoahu ia i loko o ke anu.

Ka hopena A ua hana, akā, uncomplicated Holidays o ka uliuli nā komako no ka hooilo. Nā ideas o kēia mau meaʻekolu aoao o marinating ka lauʻo ka loa hanohano a me ka 'āpono' ia e na mea he nui loea hostesses.

'āne

Nā malihini, ho'āʻo nei ka palapala ala o ana, e hoomakaukau i Holidays o nā komako no ka hooilo, e loaʻa, hiki ke lawe ka lanakila o ka eia.

1. I ka hoopiha ana i kekahi hano o ka wai, e kupono i kekahi kiaha o ke kōpaʻa, elua Art. noho ho'āo ai. paʻakai, a eha tablespoons aila (ʻike mau mea kanu), tablespoon 70% vīnega.
2. Ma ka hoolapalapa marinade E kau i ka sliced kekahi pahūpahū.
3. E hoolapalapa i ka mea a me nā kapuahi e puan ponoia mai 7 minuke.
4. A laila, lawe mai i ka skimmer nō hoʻi, kekahi pahūpahū i kau like pili loa i hiki i ka hapa-hano la e hiki ai (mua sterilized).
5. I huiia i kela a me keia o 3-4 meakino-pepa paia cloves o kālika, ai kainuʻu pū mai me ke marinade i ka luna, owili mai.
6. Kapa a wehe i mua piha ka huʻihuʻiʻana i loko o ka wela.

A koe ma hope o sayings kekahi pahūpahū marinade hoʻohana e hoʻopiha nā komako. A ke'ō a toothpick, e ho opuka i ma kela a me keia, a hahao i loko o sterilized kiaha. E pākuʻi i kekahi apana cloves a me allspice, hoʻopiha a pau, ke'ōlelo mai brine ma nā kapuahi e ia. Kakali a hiki i ka hapaha o ka hora, a laila merge i ka marinade i loko o ka pā hou enaena i ke ahi, a me kekahi manawa hou hoʻopiha lākou mau ipu. Olokaa mai, a waiho iā lākou i loko o ka für kapa no ka lohi ka huʻihuʻiʻana. He nui nā 'ike i ka Holidays o nā komako no ka hooilo - "Yum", mea e ae! Pakahi aku la ia hoʻoleʻa i ka brine me kona harmonious aftertaste haʻalele ma kekahi pahūpahū.

Flavorful Holidays o nā komako, kālika no ka hooilo

Loa na mea a straightforward a hiki no i kekahi mea hoʻomaka i loko o ka science condiment huahana. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, a pau meaʻai māmā kamako i loko o ka hooilo, ka ideas o na mea i kaumahaia ma keʻano o nā cookbooks, online, Usenet, prescribes ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā meaʻala likeʻole, akā, i kēia mea, e hoomakaukau ia.

• E hoomakaukau ai i ka marinade i loko o 3 hano o ka maemae ka wai lawe 3.5 Art. noho ho'āo ai. ka paʻakai me kaʻaoʻao o 12 a me Art. noho ho'āo ai. kōpaʻa me kaʻaoʻao o.
• Ma kēlā me kēia kamako hookomo i ka kālika cloves.
• Mākou i nā komako i paa i ka hiki ana ma sterilized kiaha, ninini ia e wehe mai ka wela marinade.
• Mahope o ke kakali 15 minuke, Ua moni loa brine i loko o ka pā, maihehe, ninini na nā komako mamua definitively.
• Mai poina e pili ana i ka vīnega. Kekahi papahana ekolu-hano ipu 1 tbsp. noho ho'āo ai. Vīnega (70%).
• Kāpīpī nā komako, ula kekahi pahūpahū, owili mai.

Maikaʻi a laeʻula no ka mōhai dumplings

Me ka noonoo ana e ole e hele a me keia Holidays o nā komako, kālika no ka hooilo. Ma ke ala, ma ka hou ana i dumplings, ka mea e eʻoluʻolu, e hui pu iho la me ka nulu'Īkalia, ai mau kīʻaha, a hiki i ka berena mea.

E hoomakaukau oukou i ke kēia nā mea hoʻohui:

• 5 kilograms o ulaula pala nā komako.
• 1 kg o ka mea ala kekahi pahūpahū.
• 350 nā huna o ka kālika.
• 300 nā huna o ka fennel.
• 200-250 nā huna o ka parsley.
• 2 noae. mea kāhinu, (pua nānālā).

Pākahi, ua skip i ka lau ma ka mōhai grinder. Nā komako paila no 2 hola. A laila, e ninini loa wela (i ka uahi) aila. Hoʻohui i ka kekahi pahūpahū, kalua no e pili ana i ka hora. E ninini kua ia greens, hoolapalapaia i hui ka lau o ka hapaha o ka hora. ʻO ia mau hana i lawe mai i ka kālika. Once o ka läÿau, maʻi hēhē, hohola ia i loko o sterilized ipu, a me nā palapala. No laila, kekahi ono Holidays o kamako i loko o ka hooilo restock kou pickled noho lealea ana.

Ho'āʻo ideas me kekahi pahūpahū

Appetizers "ono" - keia mea paha ka loa maikaʻi loa meaʻai māmā ma ka hooilo o peppers a me nā komako. He paʻa, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ho'āʻoʻana o kekahi pa. I ka meaʻala i hala e like me ka mea pono, bele peppers e e ulaula a me ka nui. A ka mea, e hoopai auanei 5 kg.

• Kekahi pahūpahū ua holoiʻia, holoi a oki i 4 apana.
• 2,5 kg o nā komako a me 300 nā huna o minced kālika grinder.
• Mau hui 300 nā huna o ka pua nānālā aila; komo kiaha kō a me 4 tablespoons o ka paakai maikai.
• E ninini i ke kua ia parsley a me nā lāʻau ikiʻai, ninini 1/3 kīʻaha o ka vinega (papa).
• E kau nō hoʻi ai: i ka ahi, a e ia hoʻolapalapa, alaila, simmer no kekahi mau minuke he iwakalua.
• Pākuʻi kekahi pahūpahū ua makaukau. Mai ka baila aʻela i ukuhiia simmer kekahi 20 minuke.
• Decomposed i hoʻomākaukau pa, oia no mākaukau sterilized kiaha, ninini i ka kamako hoʻopiha iā lākou a hiki i ka piha,'ōwili.
• No ka meaʻai māmā no ka hooilo kamako a me kekahi pahūpahū i ole explode, na kapa pono e waiho ia i lalo ke alo, a hoʻokō i mehana kapa.

Grill Appetizers "Moldavian"

1. Oki i loko o lahilahi holehole mai ai i 2 kg o ka loa ulaula, juicy nā komako.
2. 2 kg o onions a me ka meaʻala peppers 2 kg shinkuem kekahi.
3. Kaawale fry lau me nō hoʻi kaʻaila a me ka hui.
4. Add 3-4 cloves o ihi, a minced kālika, ka paakai, e hoao, i kauoha me ka chili ka pauka a me ka eleele kekahi pahūpahū.
5. Hookonokono ae i kekahi wahi ai: aʻe Appetizers. Hohola ma luna o kapa (e kiʻi ma kahi o 8), sterilize hapaha o ka hora, mālieʻolokaʻa mai.

I ka haku mele 'ana o nā nā mea hoʻohui, a ho'āʻo i nā carrots, moʻa ma ke ala hookahi.

I mea, a pau nā meaʻai māmā no ka hooilo kamako hiki ke Hoʻololi 'a ua like no kou ho'āʻo iho au, eiaʻaʻohe ikaika hoʻokau'. Komo i ka'āina!

Nā komako a me kekahi pahūpahū ma brine

Natural a me ka hemahema hoi meaʻai māmā maikaʻi no ka poe e ole i ka nui o noa manawa. Nā komako i slices, a hahao i loko o ka hapa-hano ipu, a ninini ihola i apo kekahi pahūpahū a finely kua ia parsley a me ka dill. Bank Haalulu iho e kapaia ua oi anuanu. E wale kiola aku la i ka Bank a hiki i ka 15-minuke sterilization - a ua hiki ke'ōwili mai.

Horseradish meaʻai māmā e ole ka waiwai pio!

Kēia Holidays o kamako i loko o ka hooilo me horseradish mea maopopo leʻa he punahele mawaena o na mea e ae, e like me mākou a pau hoomanao iho la lakou ono chops i loaa me ia. No ka mea, mea maikaʻi, e koho i ka loa a me kaʻulaʻula, a hiki overripe nā komako. Sayings ka wela meaʻai kākele mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī, manawa e e palena iki. No laila, ua hoʻomākaukauʻia ka palapala Holidays o kamako i loko o ka hooilo (horseradish) like penei:

1. E lawe i ka 3 kg o ka pala nā komako a me ka palapala ma ia 'ole i loko o kaʻai grinder paha i loko o ka meaʻai unu lawelawe.
2. Mākou i ma luna o ke ahi a me ka molowa ma hope o nā kapuahi e hoʻolapalapa ai i ka läÿau, no 25 minuke, mau, hoonaukiuki keia mea.
3. Me ka horseradish wehe i ka luna, ahu iho, wili ae la ia i loko o kaʻai grinder paha, pola.
4. I ka mea e like me kēlā, e hoomakaukau i kekahi kālika, a e pono i kekahi 100-120 nā huna kekahi pahūpahū a me ka Appetizers paona (ono).
5. Together me horseradish hookui aku i ka poe ma na nā komako, hookonokono ae a malimali a me kukeʻana no ma kahi oʻumi minuke. A ma hope iho e ninini 2 tbsp. puna o ke kō, a 3 tbsp. tablespoons o ka paakai, huiʻeleʻele kekahi pahūpahū e hoao.
6. E hāʻawi i ka mea a laeʻula i maemae ipu, a pani i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia poʻi.

Meaʻai māmā horseradish a kamako i loko o ka hooilo ua i kapaia e na kanaka "hrenoderom" a me "hoohewaia oia". A mamua o ia i kekahiʻano o nā inoa, ma ka ho'āʻoʻana o kona luli ole. Ma kekahi ano, e huli mai i mau pahi oi, a moderately ikaika, akā, juicy a me ka flavorfulʻala i aloha mai ia hohola ma luna o ka berena, e ai me ka puna, e hoʻopiha kona papa kuhikuhiE mau kīʻaha, a no laila, ma luna o .. Many ike i ka mea,ʻaʻole e hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka haku mele 'ana a me ka lakou e hoao ei ano Shop me ka ketchup a me ka mayonnaise, a me ka mea unquestionable alakaʻi i loko o sauces.

Eia, no ka laʻana, kekahi Lolina o ka hoʻomākaukau o keia pa, oia no me ka imu. Meaʻai māmā horseradish a me ka kamako (no ka hooilo), "no ka hana mana" ka loaʻa o ke kēia huahana.

• 6-7, i ka aa ana o na mea kanu (uuku);
• pala nā komako - 2,5 kilogram;
• 3 kālika cloves;
• 4 Art. tablespoons o ka paakai a me kō;
• Vīnega (9%) - 6 Art. noho ho'āo ai.

Papa o ka la hoomalolo.

• Mua o nā mea a pau ia mea e pono ke hana i ka aa o ke horseradish, pepa holoi ia alohaʻia i ka hora i akaka ka wai, a laila hoomaemaeia me ka pahi.
• Ma hope iho o ia, pepa ia kekahi i loko o kaʻai grinder paha i loko o ka meaʻai unu lawelawe.
• Shredded horseradish kāpīpī me ka paakai, a hoʻopoina e pili ana ia no kekahi manawa, hookuu ia brew.
• Ka lālani no nā komako: ka mea, hiki no hoi kekahi, ma ka unu lawelawe, a me ka hiki ke hahau i loko o ke pola.
• Wili i ka kālika.
• Eia, i loko o ka saucepan hui pu iho la ka hope i kamako swill a me ka gruel o horseradish.
• A hui o ka paʻakai,, mānalo, ninini ia ia ma ka heluna o ka vīnega.
• Meaʻai māmā Mix loa, e malama ia ma ka Pahu Hau no ka lā a elua.

Decomposes i maemae hrenovina mau kapa, a paniʻike mau 'ilikai ke poʻi. Eia naʻe, e malama hrenoder maikaʻi i loko o ka Pahu Hau, aʻo ia e noho ma laila a hiki i ka hooilo.