Mea Maluna o ka obesity. Kumu, symptoms,ʻike, a me ka hana o ka obesity

Kekahi o nā pilikia o ke kaiāulu i loko o ke kenekulia iwakalua-mua ua lilo obese. I ka maʻi ua "kāna" hou adherents a puni ka honua. O ke kumu ho i ka ilihuneʻai, sedentary Aloha Hawaii, he nui ka helu o ka maʻi endocrine pathologies a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe. Literally obesity o ia hoʻi, i ke kaupaonaʻana ua ole mahuahua ma muli o ka Muscle mīkini'opihia, akā, ma ka lilo o ka momona hoʻokomo kālā i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ke kino. Na pilikia o ka obesity? E nana i na kanaka, ka poe i overweight kekahi kauka e kapa aku i kekahi kakini kumu, a me ma ka wahi mua, e lilo ka naau maʻi, ipu koko, ami a me ka iwi, me ka 'aʻe' ana o ka wai-paakai pūnao. Eia hou, i ka maʻi mea paʻakikī i ka nohona ola, e like me ia ma keia la o ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua Kīwala'ō e kū i ke au i ka haʻuki a me olakino Aloha Hawaii.

etiology

Ka maʻi o "obesity" hiki ke hoʻomohala i keʻano o nā kumu. Ka loa ahuwale o ka nele o ka hoʻokō ', alaila, he mea he OOAaAeAa ma waena o noho calories a me ka neoneo ikehu. Ka lua o na kumu o ka oi kaumaha o ka 'aʻe' ana o ka gastrointestinal'āpana. Kēia hiki ia i keakea o pancreatic nā'ūhū, i ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ke akepaa, pilikia a me ka digestion o ka ai. Eia hou, i ka pilikia o ka obesity i ia i ka manao ma ka aaiaoe kiʻekiʻe.

Aia nā kumumea e hoʻonui i ke kaupaonaʻana ka waiwai, i kēia mau loaʻa:
- i ke ano o sugary kea aʻai i loaʻa i ka puu o ke kōpaʻa;
- endocrine maʻi e like me hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, pancreasʻeho;
- manaʻoʻike kāna hana (ai kāna hana);
- paʻa stress a me ka nele o ka hiamoe ana;
- hormonal a psychotropic ai '.

Evolution o ka mea loihi i loko o 2 miliona makahiki i hoomakaukau ai i keʻano papa hana o ka hoʻomāhuahua o māhuaola ma ka hihia oe koke holo pōkole o ka ai. A ina i ua oiaio no kahiko kanaka, i ke kanaka hou, aole ia e pono ai i na "keʻena". Eia naʻe, ko kakou kino ua papahana i loko o ia i kekahi ala e ia reacts stereotypically like hopena, a me ka hopena maikaʻi keiki, mai ke waho. Nolaila, o ka pilikia o ka obesity a ianoiyuaa a ku ai ia.

pathogenesis

Rula hooponopono no ka waiho a mobilize nei momona ua ua hoʻololiʻia e ka luna 'AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka'emi'ōnaehana a me ka endocrine glands. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka nui nui o lipids mea he OOAaAeAa o ka cerebral cortex a me ka hypothalamus. Ua mea ma laila i ka mea i ka piko o kona'ōpū hooponopono. Ke kino pono nui ai ma mua o ka ikehu hokii, no laila, o ka oi a pau ua haʻalele "ma ka hookoe", i hiki aku ai i ke kaupaonaʻana, o koʻu pomaikai , a me ka hanana o oi adipose'aʻaʻa.

Oia ilihune ōhumu oaio paha e ka congenital ana, a loaa ma ka hoʻonaʻauao. Eia kekahi, ua pilikia kekahi manawa, ka hopena mai ka hewa, li nui, maʻi endocrine pathology.

I ka wā o ka pituitary gland, adrenal cortex a - pancreatic keena hoʻomaka e ho'āʻo i ka pathological haʻawina a me ka nui o ka ulu ana hōmona emi ikaika, kokoke a pau o ka mea momona a me ka monakō koko, a komo i ke kino, e waihoia ma nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. Ua hiki aku i ka morphological kāna hana o ke akepaʻa, hakuʻala, thyroid.

Mea Maluna BMI

Mea Maluna o ka obesity mea maikai, e hoʻomaka me ka kekahi i ua ike i ka nui lehulehu. E like me ka rula, ua lawe mai ka iniiaiieʻike, o keia maʻi ma muli o ia nā hoailona like kino nuipa inideka (BMI). Keia puu waiwai loaa mai ma hope o ka mahele ana i kaumaha i loko o kilograms ma kona kiʻekiʻe i loko o mika hana huinahā. Aia nō i ke kēia gradation o obesity ma luna o kēia anakahi:

1. nuipa a nele - ina ka BMI mea i emi ma mua o paha e like me 18,5.
2. Normal kino ke kaupaona - kino nuipa inideka e ia i loko o ka laulā o 18,5 i ka 25.
3. Mālama '-obese - he BMI HEN, mai 25 a hiki i 30 heluʻai. Ma keia wahi, ka mea maoli i ka pilikia o ke kākoʻo '-morbidities e like me hypertension, bedsores a me diaper wikiwiki.
4. Obesity ua waiho i loko o 1 degere i ka wa a ka BMI ka 30 i ka 35.
5. Obesity papa 2 - Ua kokoke i 40 heluʻai i ka 'inideka.
6. Obesity papa 3 ua diagnosed ka wā i ke kino nuipa inideka i oi mamua o 40 heluʻai, oiai kekahi kanaka i comorbidities.

Etiopatogenetichesky Mea Maluna

ʻO kēia Mea Maluna o ka obesity o kekahi o ka loa piha i loko o kēia wahi, no ka mea, i loko o no nā kumu a me nā maomeka o ka maʻi? Acaeoey. E like me keia kaʻawale iniiaiie a me ka haumāna obesity. Kēlā me kēia no ia i kona subclasses.

Penei, iniiaiie obesity ua maheleia i:
- gluteal-femoral;
- abdominal;
- ma muli o ka ai ana kāna hana;
- stress;
- triggered ma metabolic maʻi pale.

Ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe, symptomatic obesity ke loaa i eha subtypes:

1. Hereditary hemahema'ōewe.
2. Cerebral hoʻonāukiuki mai hikoko, nā mea palahēhē a autoimmune lolo ka pōʻino.
3. Endocrine kena ae la ma dysfunction o ka thyroid gland i ka rula o ka hypothalamic-pituitary'ōnaehana, ka adrenal glands a me gonads.
4. Ka lapaʻauʻia me ka lawe steroid, hormonal contraceptives a me cytostatics pili.

Clinico-pathogenetic Mea Maluna

Inā mākou e lawe i ka maomeka e alakai ai i ka muli o ka oi kaumaha, ia mea hiki ke hana ia i ka Mea Maluna o ka obesity:

- alimentary a me ka constitutive. Weight waiwai ua pili me ka oi o ka momona ma kaʻai a me ka sedentary. Ua hoike mai ai ia ia iho, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i kamalii mai, a hiki ke kamaʻilio me ka hereditary predisposition.
- Hypothalamic. Ke mahuahua ma adipose'aʻaʻa mea ku pono i ka hypothalamic poino, a, me ia i kaʻilihune, ka 'aʻe' ana i kona kuleana pili i neuroendocrine.
- Endocrine. Ma ka naau o ka momona o ka pathology o ka endocrine glands - ka pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands.
- Iatrogenic. Obesity ua kena ae la ma ka 'inikua' uao. Kēia paha e ka lapaʻauʻia, hui, a me ka mahele ana o ka poino o ka endocrine'ōnaehana i loko o ka papa o ka lapaau, a he nui hou aku.

Mea Maluna ma IIeEeAIEUAA o adipose'aʻaʻa

Mahope o keia hookolokolo ana o nā mea maʻi me ka obesity i malama i ole a pau o ka mea, ua haawi like. Nolaila, ma manawa, ka mea, ua piha iho obesity Mea Maluna ma muli o ke ano wahi o ke kino momona.

Ka muaʻano, iʻikeʻia i luna, 'aka Android, wehewehe aku i loko o ia puleʻAmelika maoli ka hoaka o ka hapalua o ke kino, he maka, ai a me ka lima. Ua lŘlŘ oi pinepine ia i loko o nā kānaka, akā, ka mea hiki ke ike no hoi i na wahine, ka poe i komo menopause. A helu o nā kākau hoʻopaʻapaʻa ia aia no he loulou ma waena o kēia 'ano o ka obesity a me ka pilikia o ka ulu mimikō like pōmaikaʻi me nā maʻi o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoaiu.

Ka lua oʻano, lalo paha gynoid mea he ohi o ka momoma'aʻaʻa ma ka uha, a lākou kīkala, a me ka mea nui, he pono ole i loko o ka nani hapalua o ka manaʻo kanaka. Ke kii ana o na wahine i ke ano o "na ohia". ¶ A hiki ulu ma ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi, ina ano hoomainoino pohāʻana o ka mea maʻamauʻai. Comorbidities ma keia hihia, e ia i ka pathology o spine, ami a me ka haʻahaʻaʻaoʻao vascular i ulanaʻia.

Ke kolu oʻano - hui a waena obesity. Ma keia hihia, ke kaumaha nui a me ka emi kōā kaulike haawi ma ke kino ma ka smoothing laina pūhaka,'ā'ī, kīkala.

I mea e hooholo i mea i ke ano o ka obesity kapaia ka hoomanawanui, e mea pono e hooholo i ka lākiō o ke anapuni o ka puhaka a me ka puhaka. Inā na wahine keia huahelu oi aku ia mamua 0,85, a me na kanaka oi o kekahi, ka mea hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia ia i ke kanaka mua hoʻokolohua o ka puunaue ana o adipose'aʻaʻa.

morphological Mea Maluna

Oiai obesity loli loli i nā pae o ka hui o ke ola, i like ke kino me ka a pau, akā, i kēia nā loko, nā'aʻaʻa, a hiki i keena. Adipocytes (momona aeee), hiki undergo he qualitative a laupaʻi loli. Ke kaumaha ma muli o kēia kala:

1. Hypertrophic obesity. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka'āno'ē ulu i loko o ka nui o ka momona keena, oiai lākou helu koe o ka ia.
2. Hyperplastic obesity, ma a na adipocytes i 'Imi mahele ana. Keia palapala ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā keiki, a ua hana loa ino, no laila, pehea e emi i ka helu o ke keena hiki e loaʻano pākīkē aoao.
3. Hui obesity like Logical e lawe i ka läÿau, o ka mua poʻe elua. Ia mea, na keena e ole wale, ulu aʻela, akā, ka mea, e lilo ana aku.

Na Mea Maluna o ka obesity i keiki

Wahi a ka 'ikepili helu, ma Rusia, aia nō ma kahi o 12% o na keiki e ae, mai overweight. O kēia mau mea, 8.5% o hoʻokiwikā nā kupa a me ka 3.5% - kua'āina. Obesity i loko o nā keiki a me nā adolescents ua lilo no laila, pinepine pathologies i pediatricians i hoʻoholo i hoʻolauna i ka pauku kūikawā i loko o kona hoʻonaʻauao hana me ka opiopio mākua ma kaʻai. Obesity ua manaoia e ia i ka moku'āina ma ke keiki ka kaumaha aku i 15% o ka hālāwai hoʻolohe i kona mau makahiki. Inā correlated me BMI, kona kumukuai e e kokoke i 30 heluʻai.

Hoomaopopo mau ano o ka obesity i waena o na keiki: iniiaiie a me nā haumāna. N, kena ae la, e like me ka rula, malnutrition, i kakahiaka nui lure ole hoole ana mai ka umauma o ka waiu i ka bipi wahine. Akā, e hiki no hoi e hereditary, ina he ohana ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo kanaka, ka poe i overweight. Akā, a hiki i keia hihia, ua i hanau i ke keiki me ka manoanoa, ia e ka meheu o ia kou pūnao, a me ka ponoʻai a me ka hoʻokō, ka mea e malama i kou kaumaha i loko o maʻamau Oeao. Noho pilikia no ka iniiaiie obesity mea i ka mua ekolu makahiki o ke ola a me ka puberty.

Secondary obesity ua pili i ke alo o ka lilo ana endocrine kāna hana. Nā ana hoʻohālike e i paa i ka degere o ka huapalapala a oi ke kaupaonaʻana, ua nō debatable. ʻO kēia ka unahiʻole, i manaoia ai:
- 1 ka papahelu - kaumaha oi aku mamua o 15-25% o ka wānana;
- 2nd ke kahua - mai ka 25 a hiki i 49% paona poho;
- 3 degere - ka nuipa a ua oi aku ma luna o 50-99%;
- Papa 4 - overweight i elua a oi manawa i ka uku o ka makahiki.

symptoms

Symptoms o obesity e holo nōhie like i kekahi i kekahi, i ka wale likeʻole i loko o ka uniformity o ka puunaue ana o oi puluniu, a ma ke alo o ka hele pū ana pathologies a me kā lākou e kaawale aku.

Ka hapanui pinepine ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā mea maʻi alimentary obesity, i ua pili i ka 'aʻe' ana o ka maʻamauʻai. E like me ka rula, ua kanaka i ka aaiaoe predisposition i ke kaupaona ana ka waiwai, a me ka hokii, excessive o ka ai hiki aku ai i ke kaupaona ana, o koʻu pomaikai ia. Symptoms ana i loko o nā mea a pau 'ohana, e like me ka mea, collectively lawe ai. Eia hou, i kēia 'ano o ka obesity prone poʻeʻelemākule wahine i alakai i ka sedentary Aloha Hawaii no o ko lākou poʻeʻilihune ola.

Obesity 1 degere ike i loko o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i mau kekahi, o ka oi aku i loko o ke ahiahi. Keia hana no ka mea, no ka aina kakahiaka a me ka aina awakea e ole i manawa a me ka makemake. Pololi iho la ia kanaka i ka aina awakea hoʻopau kela la i keia calories, a hele aku i ka hiamoe.

Hypothalamic obesity ua wehewehe aku i wale kaumaha waiwai, akā, i ke alo o symptoms kāna hana o ka'emi'ōnaehana a me ka endocrine rula. Obesity ua ulu koke, a ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ole pili me ka loli i kaʻai. Kona kaikea a kahi mea akaka puleʻAmelika, ma luna o ka mua ili o na abdomen, uha a me kīkala. Hiki i trophic loli: maloo ili, E o kaha, lauoho me keia poho. Mau hoʻomanawanui iki mai ohumu o ka Kanikani'āʻula, headaches a me ka pōniuniu. Neurologist hiki IeAUPIIe, IAa IO huai ae abnormalities i loko o ko lākou mau kula.

lapaʻau '

People me obesity i ka loa ho'ēmi i kā noʻonoʻo loi i kona kulana, no laila, e hoohuli ai puʻe wale aku ia lakou, e hele aku i ke kauka, a hiki no i kekahi mea, kukakuka -ʻaʻohe mea mea. He loa kekahi - nā mea maʻi endocrinologist paha neurologist. O lakou makemake e e ikea ai, a, e ho'ēmi i ke kaupaonaʻana no ka māmā ke ola.

Ka loa mau hoʻohana ana i kaʻike, o ka overweight - he BMI o obesity. I mea pehea ka maoli kaumaha ma luna o ka makemake. E hoʻoholo i ka oolea mea nui,ʻaʻole wale e hooiaio i ke ola ana o ka oi ke kaupaonaʻana, akā, i ka mea i ike i ka lilo ana o adipose'aʻaʻa, aʻaʻole i ka Muscle nuipa a. No laila, ma ka 'inikua me ka hana pono e' Imi imi e hoʻolauna aoao e hooholo pono momona nui ma mua o nui kino ke kaumaha.

Norma ua nānā 'ma muli o ana heluʻikepili ohi ia ma kauka o nā meaʻai poʻokela pepa likeʻole ma luna o nā makahiki o ka hana. No kēlā me kēia ke keka, na makahiki, a me nā kino hau loaʻa nā papa e huli mua i nā loina a me nā kūmau o ka pathology. ʻepekema, ua 'ike akula i centenarians ke kaupaonaʻana 10% emi ma mua o maʻamau. Morbid obesity ua diagnosed ma ke ku pono ana hihia, ka wā 10% ma ke kaupaonaʻana, ua hala ka luna palena o ke ana.

He nui na nā papakuhikuhi, e hoʻomaulia i ka maikaʻi kino kaumaha. Kekahi o lākou i nā mea a pau i nā wāhine - mai o ka ulu ana i loko o ka pono, e lawe i ka haneri kenimika. Ke kūpono ai ka helu o ka makemake nui. Akā, e ka loa a me ka conditional unreliable mahele. More pololei o ka BMI paha Quetelet inideka, i na mea i hoikeia ma luna. Ana i ke anapuni o ka pūhaka, a puhaka, hoi, ia mea o ka nui i loko o ka characterization o obesity, mai ka wahi o ka mea momona hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kumu, a ua kena ae la ma ke kaupaonaʻana, o koʻu pomaikai ia.

lapaʻau

Ke kaua ana i ka obesity ua i maliciously a me na wahi a pau. Ano, i ka Media i 'Imi hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai ke ola i ke Aloha Hawaii a me ka cult o ka maikai, kekahi kime pāʻani kino. O ka holo ana, e lawe mai i ke kahua e absurdity i ke kumu kūʻai o ia, akā, ua makemake ko luna o na mau olelo o ka wa opiopio neʻe dekadansnaya Yitonia.

Ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka hana maikaʻiʻole o ka obesity nā:
- i kaʻai waiwai i loko o eiiieaena carbohydrates a me ka puluniu, nā wikamina, hua pisetakia, a me nā lau mulea. Mai poina e kaupalena baking, ono loa a me ka kinowai inu.
- hoʻokō ', a e hooikaika i ke kino, a oia i pūnao.
- laau e ho'ēmi i ke kaupaonaʻana a me ka ikaika loa ka makemake;
- psychotherapy;
-ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau lapaau.

E hoʻokō lōʻihi-makahiki hopena o kekahi 'ano o ka lapaʻau, e pono e hoʻololi i kāuʻai a me ka alapine (frequency) o ka meaʻai. Ua Ua manaoio aku i kaʻai mea lapuwale i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i obesity, akā, e kōkua i ka consolidate i ka loaʻa kaumaha a me ka pale maʻi hoʻi. The World Health Organization ia kekahi e hoʻomaulia i ka caloric ka maʻiʻo o ka meaʻai i ka hoʻomanawanui hoʻohana i ka maʻamau pololei, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o emi i ka nui o calories. He pono e hiki i ka hoailona o 1500 - 1200 kcal, nae i ke kanaka, aole ia i overload oe ia oe iho kāohi.

Psychotherapy ua nona i hooikaika e ana oia i ka willpower a me ka pakiko ma ka pili ana i ka ai a me kaʻai ana kaukaʻi ma hoʻokēʻai a me ka sugary soda. Lapaau ma ke kaʻina hana o ke kaupaonaʻana ka ho'ēmiʻana kōkua loaʻa wale nō pōkole-makahiki kanawai. Ma hope o discontinuation o ka Akala a, i ka hoʻomanawanui hoike a hiki i ka aoao i hala o ke ola, a 'aʻole i like me ke koi ana i hookuuia. I loko nō o ka mea i kēia manawa i ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau ka hana, e kaumaha aku i ka nui koho o ka lapaʻau no overweight, kokoke a pau o ia 'ana no kaʻaoʻao loa.

Iʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau ki ina hana like nā suturing ka opu, hanohano i loko o nā sixties o ka hope kenekulia. Ke pā like ana o ka hana o ia i ke kino ua māheleʻia i loko o nā kaiʻewaʻewa māhele, a me ka hapa uuku sutured ka uuku liʻiliʻi. Pela, ua hoemiia ka gastric ka leo, a me ka uku o ka hooholo ia ana o ka ai i kiekie ae. Ka lua o koho - gastric wanaao. Ke cardiacʻaoʻao lele akula ke komo lima e narrows ka lumen o ka esophagus, a me ka ai no kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni keʻakeʻa nei, ka lolouila saturation oaio, hiki ke hoʻomanawanui, eʻai emi.

He aha 'ano o ka obesity o ka noho pilikia loa? Paha a pau. No kekahi olelo hiki ia ka waiwai mea pono i kānaka. Ke oolea 'ilikai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ana ka maoli kaumaha aku i ka kūmau, a me kekahi comorbidities nona.