Megacities a me ka mea nui Kauhalenui wahi o ke ao nei

Hoikehonua, hui, no ka mea, o na mea he nui global keʻano o ka hanaʻana i oi a oi urbanized. No ia mea, i ka ninau o ke ao a me ka ano o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā agglomerations o ka oi ma mua o pili. I ka 'atikala ho'ākāka i ka nui Kauhalenui wahi o ka honua, e like me ka pono me ka wehewehena o ka makahiki "agglomeration" ua haawi mai ai.

He aha ka agglomeration

Most kēia encyclopedias hoakaka i ka agglomeration like me ka lehulehu nui o nā noho, a ma ka hapanui hoʻokiwikā, a me ka loaʻa kekahi hihia, a me ka kua'āina ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i hui i loko o kekahi no o ka hoʻokele waiwai, ka manaʻo politika a me ka moʻomeheu pili. Ka nui loa Kauhalenui wahi o ke ao nei i hoomaka ai e lawe kinona i loko o ka hapalua like-iwakalua kenekulia, ka wā ulu hoʻokiwikā mai ai na wahi a pau. Ma ka XXI kenekuliaʻoi loa urbanization, a hoomau iho la oia i loko o ka hou palapala.

Agglomeration hiki ke hanaʻia a puni kekahi o ke kulanakauhale nui , a kapa monocentric. An kumu o ia mau agglomerations i New York a me Paris. Ka lua oʻano ua kapaia he polycentric Kauhalenui ele ele, a 'o ia hoʻi i loko o ka Kauhalenui wahi kikowaena kekahi mau nui noho, a, kū kaʻawale o kekahi i kekahi, e Central. A luku ana mamuli o ka polycentric Kauhalenui wahi o ka Ruhr māhele 'āina i loko o Germany.

No ka 2005, nā hualoaʻa a he mau ma kahi o 400 agglomerations, i ka helu ana o kanaka ma kela a me keia o ia loa 2 miliona. Ka nui loa Kauhalenui wahi o ke ao nei palapala'āina ke aupuni '' ano kōā kaulike, akā, ua mālama i ka nui lehulehu i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai ulu'āina. I ka umi nui loa Kauhalenui mau mea o ko ke ao nei, he oi o 230 miliona kanaka (ka hailona oi ma mua o ka heluna o ka Russian Hui).

Tokyo a Yokohama

O ka holo ana, no ka nui agglomeration - o ke kapikala o Japan, Tokyo. Kona heluna kanaka kēia mea kokoke i 38 miliona kanaka, nui ma mua o ka heluna o nā'āinaʻEulopa he nui (Kuikilana, Poland, ka Netherlands a me na mea e ae). Agglomeration mea inherently polycentric a me ka hiehie i ka Central kulanakauhale elua - Yokohama a me Tokyo, e like me ka Ia kini o liʻiliʻi noho. Agglomeration wahi mea 13.5 tausani ei ^2.

Ke kikowaena o keia nui Kauhalenui wahi ninoieo o ekolu hoʻokiwikā wahi mea i aia a puni ka imperial Palace ma Tokyo. Eia hou, Ua no ke kūlanakauhale 20 apana a me kekahi mau prefectures (Gunma, Kanagawa, Ibaraki, etc.). I ka pau 'ole ia olelo i kapaia o ka puu nui Tokyo.

London

Ma ka manawa, ua nui na wehewehe o ka ?? eoi? I loko i ke kulanakauhale o London ka moana. Iwaena o lakou, Hawaii London, London kalana, a hiki i ka London-Holland paha telegraph Apana. Epekema i hookuu e puʻunaue i ka ia kenekoa 'ole o ka Beritania kapikala o Ewa, mawaena konu (City), loko London (13 kūlanakauhale palaka), mawaho loa London (kahiko suburban wahi). A pau i kēia mau kumu mua i hana i ka ia kenekoa 'ole, a me ka heluna kanaka, a i ka nui Kauhalenui wahi i loko o ke ao nei.

Aaieieno? Aoeaiuo o ka London Kauhalenui wahi uhi ma kahi o 11 000 ei ² me ka heluna o ma kahi o 12 miliona kanaka. Ma keia wahi i ka loaʻa o ka ai-kapa ukali kulanakauhale o London: Bracknell, Harlow, Basildon, Crawley a me na mea e ae. A me ka pololei ia mau wahi i mea e pili ana i ke kulanakauhale,'Eseka, Surrey, Kent, Hertfordshire.

Paris

Administratively, i ke kulanakauhale o Paris o ka wale kekahi o na oihana i loko o ka māhele 'āina Ile-de-France. Akā, i ke poʻo, ua lōʻihi hoʻohei ma lalo ona ewalu a pau oihana, ka hoʻomalu mahele ua a ianoiyuaa a kaulia ana. A urbanized Paris mea he kikowaena a i ka ia ano like ka nui Kauhalenui mau mea o ko ke ao nei a me ka agglomeration. Ma kekahi, Paris i he nui helu o nā kūlanakauhale ukali, a i kūkulu, a hui i ke kapikala i kakahiaka nui me ka 1960s.

Ieoaeunoai o ka ai-kapaia hou kūlanakauhale - pela hanaia ma Paris ukali ee i loko o ka nui lei i ka makahiki 1960.

Paris like me ka Palani kapikala a me ka ai-kapaia kūlanakauhale hou a me ka lei aliʻi ano he nui agglomeration, a me ka Luna Paris. Ka wahi o ka metropolis ka 12 tausani ^km2, a me ka heluna - oi ma mua o 13 miliona kanaka. Paris o ka nui loa Kauhalenui wahi i loko o ke ao nei palapala 'āina oʻEulopa.

hawaiian agglomeration

Nei, i ka honua i ka waiwai a me ka nohona kuʻuna hoʻomaka e loaa i ka oihana o Asia. Ke hawaiian'āina hoʻi i kia i ka nui Kauhalenui wahi i loko o ke ao nei. A akaka kumu hoʻohālike o ke kulanakauhale o Mumbai, i ka helu o ka poʻe i noho ma 22 miliona kanaka o ka i aku i. A i 'ole ka Philippine kapikala o Manila mai i ka heluna o 20 miliona a me Delhi me 18 miliona poʻe e noho ana. Ma Kina, ka Kauhalenui wahi hoike no ma kahi o 10% o ka aina o ka mea a pau aupuni. Mau megacities e like Shanghai (19 miliona) a me Hong Kong (15 miliona poʻe i noho ma), he maikai examples o ka urbanization keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka Hikina.

Ke'ī mai, ma o ka he pōʻaiapili o ke kaʻa poepoeʻana a me ka urbanization, nui na kulanakauhale ulu a lilo i Kauhalenui ele ele, a ma ke ao nei e lilo hou a nui.