Museum o pili aupuni moolelo i loko o Rusia: hora, kiʻi a me nā hōʻike manaʻo

Kēlā me kēia hou aupuni makemake e haʻalele i indelible hoailona i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka moku'āina. Ka October ʻOiʻenehana o 1917 makahiki, nui i loli ma Rusia ka ulu ana. makahiki Two ma hope o ka pili aupuni upheaval iau i wehe i loko o St. Petersburg, hoʻolaʻa i kēia hanana. Symbolic puka i wahi i loko o ka Winter Palace. Ka Hale i kapaʻia ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, ia mea manawa he iau o pili aupuni mōʻaukala.

Museum helu wahi, oaka ae la na hora

Aia He He iau ma ke alanui Kuibyshev, 2-4. E kiʻi i iaʻano wale,ʻo ia mea i kahi loihi, mai ka Metro noaioee "Gorky". Drive i ia mai ke koa "Petrogradskaya" marshrutkami № 46, № 76; mai o ka "Pinilana ku" marshrutkami № 30, № 183 a oeia 49; me ka "Sports" ma kaʻa 'ohua 183 №.

Inā 'oe hōʻea ma ka alakaʻi huakaʻi i loko o St. Petersburg, e hiki kele i ka Museum o Kalaiaina History i ka wa pono. Kela la i keia mai ka 10 a hiki i 18 hola, balota oihana Ua hamama aʻelima i loko o ke ahiahi. Ka meakino Ua wehe mai i ka 20 hola, hola o ka hana dala - mai ka 10 a hiki i 19 hola.

Mōʻaukala o ka iau

Museum o Kalaiaina History o Rusia (i kakahiaka nui - Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana) i hoʻokumu i loko o October 9, 1919. Ua Ua mua neo? Aaiiai? I loko o ka Winter Palace ma ka lua o ka papahele. I e pili ana komo kaulana mōʻaukala na kii, na kii o ka moʻomeheu a me ka 'epekema: door Lunacharsky, Maxim Gorky, Academician Oldenburg, populists Novorussky, Figner Morozov. Ke AIM o na kanaka haku o ka iau ua e hoolilo ai i na kanaka o ka honua hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. Iloko o ka umi makahiki mua i hoʻokino hoiliili ole e ka poe i hai mai e pili ana i ka papa paio i loko o Rusia (mai Emelyana Pugacheva ke kipi, a me ke kukulu ana o socialism ma ka aina), ke West (mai ka Palani bourgeois kipi, ka Communist International i).

Ka mua malihini i hele mai iʻaneʻi 11 January 1920. No ka makahiki, i ka Museum o St. Petersburg ka kālai'āina mōʻaukala pinepine hoʻololi i ka 'epekema manaʻo, a me ka pela, a me kona inoa. Hale o ka Great Okatoba SocialistʻOiʻenehana i loko o ka 'āwīwī a politically pololei Kapa hou i ke. Mai ka makahiki 1991,ʻo ia keʻike i ka State Museum o Kalaiaina History.

Neʻe maila i loko o ke alanui Kuibyshev

Ma ka waena o ka iwakalua kenekulia,ʻo ia ma 1957, i ka iau ua unuhi i loko o ka alanui Kuibyshev. No kona mau mea e pono ai, he mau o ka hale, nona mamua, ma ka mea maikaʻi loa manga ballerina Mathilde Kshesinskaia a me ka nui LESOPROMYShLENNIKI Brant.

Kshesinskaia hale i kukulu ia e ka mea kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Gauguin i 1904-1906 makahiki. Iloko o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana o 1917 huli i loko o ka hale o ka ballerina i loko o ka Bolshevik koʻokoʻo. Eia ka ka Central Komite o ka Party, ke koa ka laau palau "Pravda" a me ke Komite Koa. Mai ka lānai o ka hale a me kona mau hoopii i na kanaka a pau Vladimir Lenin Ilich, Zinoviev, Trotsky, a he nui nā 'ōlelo. Currently, ka Museum o pili aupuni mōʻaukala makana i ka malihini workroom V. I. Lenina. O ka lua o ka hale (Brant Baron) hou i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ke kulanakauhale. Ua Ua kukulu ia i ka 1909, papahana ma kona kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Meltzer.

I ka 1955-57 makahiki ma ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ka manaʻo Nadezhina kēia mau hale hui i loko o hoʻokahi eiiieaena. Here a me nā hale o ka Hale o ka Great Okatoba SocialistʻOiʻenehana. November 5, 1957 paʻa ihola kona weheʻana i ka mea hou wahi. I ka makahiki 1972, hoomaka ae la oia e nei ma lalo o ka mana o ke Kuhina o Culture, Ua helu me he lālā o ka Central Museum o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana o ka USSR.

hou manaÿo

I ka hooponopono, a me ka 'epekema limahana o ka Hale ma ka hopena o 70s o ka iwakālua kenekulia hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i ka hou manaʻo o ka exhibition. A laila, i hanau au i ka hou ana o ka? Aeiino? O nā waiū. Eia nae,? Aaoee ma kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ekolu o kēia iau eiiieaena. I ka 1987 Wehe ae la oia i ka exhibition mua. I ka 1989, no ka mea, o ka hanana pili aupuni ia i wahi i loko o Rusia, o ka ia kahua o ka puka i ua kaulia ana. Kuka hou nā hōʻike i hou pahuhopu nei me na realities o ka manawa. Ua Ua hooholoia e kūkulu i ka hou manaʻo o ka waiū, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao akeakamai hana o ka iau.

renaming iau

I ka makahiki 1991, i ke Kuhina o Culture o ka USSR aponoia i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ka renaming o ka Hale o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana i loko o ka Museum o Kalaiaina History o Rusia. He Ua haawiia i ke kūlana o ka moku'āina. Parade o sovereignties ma na 90s iʻa, a me ka Hale hana. E malama i kona kuokoa, e noho Lani, ka mea, ua i iaʻokoʻa. hoomaka ae la ka poe hana e hoonohonoho hana hoihoi nā hōʻike, e uhi i nā hanana hoihoi ', i mua i lohe ole ai mamua, e kamaʻilio e pili ana. Ano, i ka Museum o Kalaiaina History o St. Petersburg hoʻolako i exposition e hoike ana i ka waiwai, ka manaʻo politika a me ka nohona ola ana o ka Lūkini ke kaiāulu, mai ka XIX kenekulia i XXI.

kēia waiū

I ka pau ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia ua kokoke vague ma ke ano pili aupuni, kēia manawa e ola hele steadily, hele mai la i ka maʻamau, ka Museum o Kalaiaina History o Rusia mau paipai malihini hana ho'āʻoʻia.

Ke exposition huna likeʻole mōʻaukala hanana, e hoʻomaka ana me ka uprising o ka Decembrists a hiki i ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, i kāna moʻolelo o ka noho alii ana o Ana II, na nā mea hoʻololi o Alexander II a me ke Kuhina Witte, o ka poni o Lūkini i Emperor. No hoi, o ka mea pili moolelo o ka iau hou a me ke kālā no ohi, e kāinoa "wela alualu". I ka manawa, no ka mea i hele mai, mai Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Chechnya.

State Museum o Kalaiaina History o Rusia mea kū hoʻokahi, ka mea wale kekahi i loko o St. Petersburg, i Hōʻike 'o ka pilikia kahua o? Acaeoey o ka Lūkini moku'āina, nā hanana o ka lehulehu ke ola, i ka hana o nā loea kālai'āina, aoao a me ka mana. Ke iau ka ohi ninoieo a oi aku mamua o eha tausani likeʻole ho'āʻoʻia, e mau ka moʻolelo mea e like me ka mea he pilikia a me nā hanana i loko o ke kaiaulu. Great pono a me ka uku hoopanee ana o ka huakaʻi ma ka Museum o History mea no ke kula kiʻekiʻe haumāna.

Hale o ka History o Kalaiaina na makai

Branch o ka Museum o Kalaiaina History ua aia ma ke kihi o e nānā ana a me ka Admiralty Gorokhovaya Street, 2. E wehe i kela la (koe Poaono a me Sunday) mai ka 10 am a hiki i 6 pm. Book Maui, e kapa aku ai: 312-27-42.

Aia ka he exposition i ka hoolaa ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini kālai'āina makai. Ke iau hale i hookahi nova e ka Office o St. Petersburg Gradonachalstva. Mai 1875, malaila i ai-kapaia "Ka Ho 'Service" (Public Maluhia o ka Lehulehu' Oihana). Hope ma luna o kēia wahi ola: Gendarme mau luna 'oihana, ke Kauhalenui Hoomalu. Ma hope o ka 1917 kipi, ia mea ma keia wahi o ke kaulana Cheka (kekahi Komisina no ka paioʻana sabotage, ee-revolutionaries). A hiki i 1932. He mea no hoi he OGPU.

exposition o ka iau

Ke exposition makana recreated oihana o ka luna o ka makai (hope o ka XIX -. I kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia). Ua hana pono-ike personalities: Sudeikin pyramid Sekerinsky. I ka 1917 i aku la ia ma o ka baton o ke kaulana "Zheleznyy Feliks" - o ka Luna hoomalu o ka Cheka Dzerzhinsky. Iloko o ka interrogation i loko o ka oihana ma kekahi mau manawa kipa ma na huahelu like me ka Trotters, Lenin, Emelyanov, Verkhovsky, Kokovtsoff, kal, a me na mea e ae.

Museum o Kalaiaina History (makai nā moʻolelo Branch) i loko o kā lākou exhibition makana he waiwai gale o kiʻi o nā alakaʻi o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana pili aupuni, mai 1826 a hiki i 1917, i ka mua palapala, kiʻi a me nā diaries o Makäkiu, i ka hoike o na lawelawe malu, Hawaii photo hoike a me provocateurs, nā palapala a me nā leaflets manawa ka "ulaula weliweli" palapala o ka poʻe pio, a me ka oi. Ke ohi Ua complemented me ka mea, mai ka palapala o ka KGB, ka FSB.

Pili aupuni upheaval ma Rusia i loko o 90 makahiki i 'ae' na mea he nui e ike i loko o ka hou alanui. No ka mea manawa mua ia mea iʻaneʻi i i i palapala lehulehu, kiʻi a me ka pili ana o ke ano o? Aaiuo a me nā man- akia o ka KGB, ka Cheka, ka FSB. A oaeii, - ho'āʻoʻia elua o makou haneri hou aku. Here oe ke ike wikiō hoike: ke kaua me ka CIA ma ka hopena o XX kenekulia, i ke kaua ma ka hoohalike ai o ka FSB Chechen kipi (Grozny).

Mea hoʻohana mau Nāʻana

Museum o Kalaiaina History (St. Petersburg), na lau i hoʻokahi indifferent. Ehia na malihini, no laila, na manao e pili ana i na nā hōʻike, i hoiliili ole. Kekahi manaʻo i ka iau mea maikaʻi, e hele i nā mākua, nā kamaliʻi mai,ʻaʻole pili 'aneʻi. O ka poe i aloha, ka mahalo 'mōʻaukala, e like me ka weliweli o ka mea a lakou i ike ai, a lohe' aneʻi. He nui haʻalele lākou manaʻo, e ka mea e hoike i ko lakou manao, a, e,ʻo ka noonoo ana o ka poe i ole i loko o kēia hana hoihoi wahi.

No ka laʻana, kekahi kapa aku ia i kekahi me ka hui pu ana o incongruous. Pehea e wehewehe i kēia? Hale maemae manga ballerina huli i loko o ka Bolshevik konu, kahi i Soviet manawa i weheia Museum o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana.

Kekahi Pono nń ka mea i keia iau mea maopopo leʻa,ʻaʻole na keiki hou. Ma keia wahi, he nui loa i ka heluhelu, manaʻo, noonoo.

Nui ka poʻe i loko o kā lākou mau hōʻike manaʻo i wehewehe mai i ka hiehie o ka hale i loko o modernist kaila, no ia Kshesinskaia. Ka hale i noho ia e na Bolsheviks, kahi Lenin i'ōlelo mai ai, mai ka lānai. Malihini i aku nei au i? Ke exposition ua hoʻolaʻa ai i kaʻokoʻa manawa o? Acaeoey o Rusia, ua uku ia ka Soviet manawa nui noonoo. No na keiki ma laila, e lilo ka hailona no hana hoihoi mea. kūikawā poʻomanaʻo Kauai, e paa haʻi'ōlelo no ia. School Fillipki nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i na keiki i aoia ma Tsarist Rusia. Classes i paʻa i loko o ka lumi kahi i ka Kalaiaina ua paʻi kua'āina kula. Ka hopena pule kekahi, akamai nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao.

No hoi, iauaeoia oo? Ecia e olelo aku i ka mea, mea pono e hele ai i ka iau, e hoʻolohe i ka proletarian oʻApelila ia. Ka ukupanee i ka likeʻole kani pihi i paʻi kālai'āina olelo. It E e hana hoihoi i ka mea i aʻo me ka uku hoopanee i ka moʻolelo o ka Soviet kula.

Ka hope lumi ua o Laielohelohe mau noonoo. Ua hai mai o ka make uku. Ma ka paia ÷ excerpts mai diaries o kanaka ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi, kā lākou palapala i ka hoahanau. Pain, o ka manao pono ahau ke ka uhane. Malihini i kaumahaia aku ai lakou ma ko lakou mau "leo" i loko o ke aniani pahu no paha e ku ei ka make uku.