Norman naʻi oʻEnelani i ka 1066

Ma ka waena o ke kenekulia umikumamakahi Noremana duchy i piha ua pua i nā. Ke feudal'ōnaehana ka pilina i ka haku o ka he koa huahelu i i lako ai i ka Duke o kona mau koa i, a ua hoopili i mākaukau i ke kaua naita lio Noremana ua hoʻolimalima i iho palaho kaulana. Eia hou, o ka moku'āina i he nui liʻiliʻi iā mai a pau hooilina a pau. A mana kikowaena mana, pristrunyavshaya a me nā koa i, a me ka ekalesia ua maopopo iho la i ka ikaika ma mua o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Norman naʻi oʻEnelani i pela he foregone ka hopena.

Wilhelm v. Harold

Harold II o hai, brutallyʻino English King-Dane, he usurper a me ka perjurer, a me ke kākoʻo o ka Pope Alexander II o, Wilhelm anainoe halawai: e Imi i nāʻaʻa no na palena o ka Duchy, e kōkua iā ia mea,ʻaʻole he poʻe koa palupalu, kukulu iho la i ka hailona o ka ukana moku, a kahiko ae la ia ia me ka ai na lako. A koke na mea a pau ua makaukau, a hiki i ka naʻi aupuni oʻEnelani ma William o Noremana i wahi.

Ke hoʻomoana o ka Duchy i hoʻolapalapa ai nui o ka poʻe hao wale - na naita i hele mai, mai nā mea a pau o ka puni mau mea: Brittany, Picardy, Falanadera, Artois. Moʻolelo i ole i hiki ke hookupaa aku i ka kiko'ī helu o ka poʻe hao wale Wilhelm, akā, i nā moku a pau i emi iho malalo o ehiku haneri a me ka, nolaila, i ka poʻe hao wale i i ma kona hema kapa o ka aina oʻEnelani, loaa i emi malalo o ehiku tausani. No ka mea manawa mua no ka nui o kanaka i koke ma kela aoao o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Channel.

Harold ike e pili ana i ka makaukau. Ohi ia ma kaʻaoʻao hema oʻEnelani, i ka moku a me ka hao wale kali i ka hōʻeaʻana o William i ka loa kaua. Akā, Wilhelm ua hiki trickier ma mua o kēia Harold. Ma ka akau oʻEnelani koke pae Wilhelm allies mai Norway a me ka makaia o Pelekāne mau hoa paio Harold. Harold ua hiki e huli i ka poʻe hao wale, a hoʻohiolo i ka attackers, akā,ʻaʻohe mea i kali hou aku; o ka lā, i lilo ai i ka Noremana naʻi oʻEnelani hema.

I ka poe koa o Harold

Ke awa pae o ka enemi, hoʻoikaika ihola e huli nāwaliwali, a me ka māluhiluhi koa hoʻi i Hastings ma ke alanui, he mau ho'āʻo e ohi i ka militia. Eia naʻe, na mea a pau i hiki mai ai ia oe e hiki ma London no ka hōʻea mai o Harold militia i ole i akoakoa ai. Haʻalele William, ia ia i seriously mākaukau lio, i ka bulk o kona poʻe kaua i ua e hele ana a me ka nohona. Noho iho la na Housecarl a kauwa kahikoia me kekahi i loko o ia mea: na kauwa - koʻi lipi, a me na newa, a me ka Earl Housecarl i ka pahi kaua, i nā pale kaua a me ka kaua lipi, akā, i ole i na lio, a me ka pana pua, a lio hakakā Harold i ole i manawa e hoʻomaka.

I ka halawai ana o ka wa kahiko a me ka hou

Norman naʻi oʻEnelani i ka 1066 i hiki mai ai ma luna o 14 October. Wilhelm alakaʻi maikaʻi-hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaua pololei mai o ka lio, i ke kaua-hoopaakikiia naita lio kaua a me ka pana pua. I ka make ana o ka Anglo-Sākona ua he foregone ka hopena. I ka make i ka wikiwiki a me ka hope - mau ola. Harold make iho la no hoi.

Wilhelm i ke koena o ka poʻe hao wale i loko o robberies a me kaua ma luna o nā wahi kua'āina, oia ua wahi e wikiwiki. Iā Dover, a me London ka luna kentberiyskaya maopopo, a hoomaopopo i ka mea i hanaia, ka mea, i mai, a lawe ia e William ka naʻi aupuni kaulana me ka hele ana ma ka akau o ka mea ikaika, ka mea, i kekahi mau lā. Akā koke au i hele mai i ka aina ma hope o ka Noremana naʻi oʻEnelani!

Mahope o elima mau lā o William hoʻoneʻe i ka poe koa no Dover. Ua ua i ka lanakila! 'Aʻole wale nō i loko o London hōhē wale townspeople pūʻuluʻulu iho i loko o ko lākou mau wahi i noho ai, no ka makau o pogroms, akā, ka hapanui English haku, Earl, sheriffs, William lunakiai haule iho la ma na wawae, a ho'āʻo e e mau hoa me ia. HawaiiʻEnelani i ole i Wilhelm ole ia'ku i nā mea a pau. Ma hope o ka loa pōkole wā o ka manawa, a ma lalo ia Northern.

Poni i alii

A me ka mea hiki: ma luna o ka Christmas Holiday ma ka huina o ka 1066 a me ka 1067 ka, William no ka naʻi aupuni i hiki aku ai i loko o Westminster i ke Kiure kekahi hanana. Unpredictable kulana home 'ole i ke kino. ʻEnelani ma hope o ka Noremana naʻi o uprisingsʻaneʻi, a ma laila. Komo wahahee hoopii o ka betrayal, a me ka lawe pu ana o William pane nona.

A pau o ka hale a puni i ka Hale Pule Nui, ma ka poni ana o ke alii, noho nui iho la i ke ahi, a ua hahauia i ke ahi mōhai i ka make, e ike i ka hoohanau, makahiki a me ka hoʻomana. Temple haʻalele a pau akā, na clergy i hoomauia i ka hana, i lawe mai ai i ka ahaaina a hiki i ka hopena, a me William halawai mai la me ka mau minute mua o ka lanakila ma ka lede hoʻokaʻawale. Pela i pau ai strangely Norman naʻi oʻEnelani ma kona kahua mua.

aliʻi

I loko nō o ka olelo hoopomaikai a William, e ia i ka guarantor o ka maikai kānāwai Edwardian malihini Noremana wahi hou a kāʻili wale a me ka looting. Ka heluna o ka paʻa kipi, i kona loa loa uhi pū me ke ahi a me ka pahi kaua. No ka mea nui hoʻolohe pono i ke kanaka o London, hoomaka ae la ka hana o ka mea kaulana aliʻi kākela - ka Tower.

Northern England? Eou i ai hānai mai me kona Wilhelm uprisings ia i ka 1069, ua noi ia ia wela ka honua nā kaʻa mokulele (na kēia kanaka Kelemānia maopopo ua i ka mea mua i loko o Katyn). Wilhelm aole ia i waiho i kekahi punitive huakaʻi ma ka pau makahiki o ke awawa a hiki i ka York Durham a me ka hale a pau, a me ka mea ola kanaka - ole. Kēia wao nahele i ku mai ai i ka umikumamalua o ke kenekulia, ka wāʻuʻuku maʻuʻuku ia i hoomaka ai e noho. Akā, i kēia, o ka papa, mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena o ka Noremana naʻi oʻEnelani.

'ōnaehana hui

Manao a pau i ka Anglo-Sākona me poʻe kipi, William no ka naʻi aupuni kaulana hana mau, e hea aku ia ia iho i ke kupono hooilina Eduarda Ispovednika. Koke ma hope o ka malama ana o ka "English Katyn" na aina a pau o 'Enelani i ka waiwai o ke alii. Ka hao i ole wale na kipi akā, i ka poe i lawa ka ua ole Ua kupaʻa i ka hou aupuni.

Nunui aina nova ma ke Kalaunu, i lawe mai, alahula mau makahiki: i haehaeʻia mai ka hoʻolimalima i ka sheriffs, i laila, ua kuʻi ia mai maʻamau kanaka. No laila, haehae ihola ia, like me ka manawa Eduarda Ispovednika, ka mea, uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma oi aku mamua o kanalima pakeneka. Ke aupuni Uaʻae i ka ia. No ka mea, ua hoʻomaka 'ana Norman naʻi oʻEnelani? Pokole - no ka waiwai. Akā,ʻaʻole wale.

O ka holo ana, William haʻalele iho nei a pau ole, naʻe kona kaʻana like 'ana i ka oiaio o ka liona. Unamunamu, i loaʻa kona He kokekau wale, heʻumi manawa hou i loaʻa iā ia i loko o ka mokuna o ka Noremana. Wilhelm Church no ka manawa lōʻihi,ʻaʻole e hana ino aku, e 'oluʻolu, mai lawe aku.

Ma 'Enelani kūkulu i nā pā kaua - a me ka poe mea i simpler, a me na mea puʻu, me ka moats a me palisades, a me ka luna' enekinia, nā hale, e pale aku i ka lōʻihi ka hoʻopuniʻana. Mahuahua iho la lakou nunui pōhaku Susana, e like me ka halekiai o London, Rochester, Hedingema. i kēia mau pā kaua, a ua baronial. no a pau o ia i ke aliʻi. Ka naʻi aupuni o Enelani ma William o Noremana mai hele aku ia.

"Domesday Book"

No laila, i kapaʻia ka'āina i helu i ka 1085, a paʻa William maʻEnelani. Ua ua He loa piha puke. Nā ikepili i kaawale i loko o ekolu na pauku: mua o ka naʻi aupuni, i ka makahiki 1066 a me ka makahiki 1085. Ua Ua ua rewritten: i ka haku mele 'ana o kēlā a me na kalana aina haneri, ka mea kiko'ī makahiki, haku mele' ana a me ka helu ana o kanaka, i ko lakou kulana. ʻO nā mea i paneʻia i ka loa a pau naʻo Baron, sheriffs, wa elemakule, noa na kanaka a me eono serfs mai kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale. hoike mai a pau o ia ma lalo o ka hoohiki. Penei, he kanakolu-eha, he kanakolu-ewalu o ke kalana i ua rewritten.

ʻikepili

He ua he maikai neʻe aku e ike i ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena o ka Noremana naʻi oʻEnelani. William ka helu downright i 'ike i hiki makahiki, a laila'ōlelo akula i ke ala e systematize i ukuhi ma "Denemaka kālā". Ka puke ua he nui, piha a me ka pololei. Williamʻike ihola i ka mea i hiki ke recoup i nā aliʻi Norman naʻi oʻEnelani. Iki kakau ia ka puke 'aʻole ole e hoohalike.

Estates e William i haawi aku ai i kekahi o naʻo Baron, aole kēiaʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao a me kēlā mau mea e kukaʻi, a ua waiwai Baron. No ka laʻana, Robert Merton i kahi o ewalu Manor, i i ke aupuni 'ma kanaha counties. No ka 'ē aʻe - he wahi uuku, akā, i ka rula o ka ia.

Ua makemake mea absurd. Akā, 'aneʻi hou i maopopo i ka ho omaulia. Aole Baron eʻaʻole e hiki ke hoʻoikaika i kona aoao i loko o kekahi kalana, a, o ka papa, e kokua, e hooikaika i ka mana aliʻi. Nā 'ia wale nō,ʻo ka feudal haku-kiai, kiai ana i ka hoʻokokoke mai ai i ke kai a me ka aina. Ka mea, he nui e pono ai, a hiki pomaikai. ʻEnelani ma hope o ka Noremana naʻi hoomaka mua i ka naʻau i ka hookahi moku'āina.

Ke alii e like me ka mea kiekie nona o nā mea a pau ma ka aina a pau i loko o Enelani ua overlord no a pau nā mea hōʻoia o ka aina a pau,ʻaʻohe mea ma kahi e, a ma lalo o ka pilikia ka mea, aole i loaa iaʻu ia. Wilhelm a pau landowners e paa ana ma ka hoohiki ana i King Service (Salisbury hoohiki). English Special hoʻokahi wale nō feudal hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha - office i aliʻi ma luna o kona poʻo i ke koena o kona mau koa i. King loaa hou kākoʻo a me ka credibility. Aupuni ma hope o ka naʻi aupuni o ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o nā ke aupuni, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hailona o ke kaumaha a me ka eha ana a pau. 'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena o ka Noremana naʻi oʻEnelani.