'okikene kolu (Nine Inch hehee ai) waiwai haʻilula inoa

He loa waiwai no na kanaka a pau i ka waiwai o ke kinoea e like me'okikene kolu. Hehee ai, i ka mea, ua hana, - keia oxygen ma O. Ma mea,'okikene kolu O ₃ - kekahi allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana oxygenation iloko olaila o ekolu huahelu o formular (O ÷ O ÷ G). A mua, a me ka ike hui - o ia iho, oxygen ma kinoea i kaʻoi loa i ka mea, ua hanaʻia e nā nā'ātoma (D = O) - O _2.

Allotropy - i ka hiki ana o ka Nine Inch hehee ai e lilo i ka helu o ka waiwai o ka poe noonoo ole i huiʻia. Mahalo e ke kanaka, a hookolokolo aku la ia me ka hoʻohana 'ona e like me daimana a me ka graphite, monoclinic a me ka orthorhombic luaipele, oxygen, a me ka'okikene kolu. Hehee ai me ka mea hiki ia,ʻaʻole pono kaupalena 'ia nā wale ka hoʻololi' ana, kekahi hou no ia.

Mōʻaukala o ka Kaka hui

Na ke keʻena pa alima o na mea he nui ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole waiwai, a me na mea like'okikene kolu - he Nine Inch hehee ai kona hōʻailona O - o oxygen, ma ka Helene, «oxys» - huawaina, a «gignomai» - e hanau.

No ka mea manawa mua he hou allotropic hooponopono hou ana o oxygen i ka ho okolohua me ka pou hookuuia loaa i ka 1785 o ka Dutchman Martijn van Maroun, ua hōʻailonaʻia kona noonoo ala. A kenekulia hope Farani Christian Friedrich Schönbein kaulana i ka alo o ka ia ma hope o ka ino, e hiki ai ke kinoea i kapa ia "honi". Akā, i hoopunipuni mai kekahi kānakaʻepekema, e manaoio ana ko lākou mau manaʻo o ka honi o ke ala hea ia iho'okikene kolu. Ala ia lakou i manao ai no ke aloha i huiʻia oxidized ma ka reacting me O _3, e like me ke kinoea i loa kū'ē.

uila 'ole

Na ia mau mall apana nahaha e O2 a O3 - he Nine Inch hehee ai. 'okikene kolu i ka oi luna '' ole. Ka oxygen ma Ua nō mea - mau nā'ātoma me ka o oxygen hui ma kekahi mau mea paa a me ka oia hoi o ϭ- π-ke keʻena, e like me ka valency o ka hehee ai. About ₃ loaʻa paha kekahi mau resonant hale. Mau hoopaa ai pili aku i ka mau oxygen, a me ke kolu mai o ka hookahi. Pela, ma muli o ka poʻe Polenekia π-ke keʻena, he huina kiʻi o nā nā'ātoma ekolu i kekahi, a me ka hapalua pilina. Kēia pilina He pōkole ma mua o ka hoʻokahi, akā, hou ma mua o ka waʻa. Ka pahiki o recurrence nā lātoma ka noiʻi 'ana i mālama ho okolohua hoʻokoe'.

hoʻololi kemikala ki ina hana like

No ka ho okumu ana o ke kinoea e like me'okikene kolu, pono e he Nine Inch hehee ai oxygen ma loko o ka gaseous meakino i loko o ka palapala o ke kanaka nā'ātoma. Na hana hea hanaia ma ka hookui hookahe koko ana o ka o oxygen nā lātoma me electrons O ₂ iloko o pou hookuuia 'ole' ē aʻe (particles) me ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, a me ka wā e ua irradiated me ultraviolet malamalama.

I ka liona ka puu o ka heluna nui o ka'okikene kolu hua mai la ia e photochemical ala hele i loko o ka maoli ka lewa ana. People makemake e hoʻohana i ka Nine Inch ha awina o na ano e like me, no kekahi laʻana, electrolytic hoʻololi kemikala. Ua ninoieo i loko i ke koʻana koko electrolyte meakino platinum nā uila aʻa lolo waiho a aeʻikena. Ke naoh noaia:

H ₂ O + O ₂ → O ₃ + H ₂ + e ^-

physical waiwai

Oxygen ma (O) - pa alima ke keʻena e like me'okikene kolu substance - Nine Inch hehee ai kona haʻilula a me ka pili molar nuipa i heluʻia i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina. Ho okumu i ka O ₃ me ka o oxygen, e loaʻa iā ia kekahi o ka waiwai fundamentally okoa mai ka poe o ka O _2.

Kinoea uliuli - keia mea he na noho o ka poe i huiʻia me'okikene kolu. Nine hehee ai haʻilula laupaʻi ano - a pau ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka' ike a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka waiwai. Ke baila aʻela i wahi no ia -111,9 ° C, liquefied moku'āina i ka pouli poni kala like 'ole, i ka wa hou hookuu iho ka papahelu i -197,2 ° C mahele heheʻe i ka huli. I ka paa ana o ka aggregation'okikene kolu iʻeleʻele ano me kaʻulaʻula hue. Kona solubility pa umi aku ko kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ia mea waiwai o ka i oxygen O _2. A lohe o nā hoʻohui like loaʻuʻuku i loko o ka lewa ke ala o ka'okikene kolu, ia mea pahi, kekahi, a kohu i ke ala o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Nine Inch mall

Loaʻeleu, me ka naoh oiai, ke kinoea mea'okikene kolu. Nine hehee ai i ia 'ano apau loa - o ka oxygen. Ano e ho oholo i ka hana o ka'okikene kolu o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nā waiwai, - he kiʻekiʻe oxidizing hiki a me instability o ke kinoea wale. Ma ke kiekie mahana, ka mea decomposes ma kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi ana, hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana a me catalysts e like me metala oxides, chlorine'okikene lua, naikokene a me na mea e ae. Oxidant waiwai hoʻomaopop 'ana i mall hiʻona o ka'okikene kolu aie i ka ka hoʻoneʻe o ka lātoma a kekahi me ka o oxygen nā'ātoma, i pili mai huli i loko o oxygen kinoea: O ₃ → O ₂ + O ·

Oxygen ma (hale hihia mai a ka kūkulu lātoma 'ona e like me o oxygen, a'okikene kolu) - Nine Inch hehee ai. E like me ka mea i palapala ÿia i loko o nā nā helu kaulike o ka naoh - About ·. 'okikene kolu oxidizes a pau i eliiaʻi, koe ke gula, platinum a me kona subgroups. Ua reacts me nā kinoea i loko o ka lewa - oxides o ka luaipele, naikokene a me na mea e ae. 'Aʻole i noho inert a me ke aloha waiwai, o ka oi aku hookeai keʻano o ka hanaʻana i discontinuities mau paa ana ma ke kahua o ka waena i huiʻia. He mau Kuleana i ka naoh huahana e noho malie hoi e hiki i ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me nā kānaka. Kēia wai, oxygen, kiekie oxides o kekahi oihana mua, oxides o kalapona. Naoh me ka'okikene kolu 'aʻole i hele mai aeaie i huiʻia o ka kalipuna, titanium a me ka silikone me ka oxygen.

palapala noi

O ka papa kuhikuhiE kahi hoʻohana "honi" kinoea - ia ozonation. Oia ke ano o ka sterilization mea nui oi pono a me ka lua pele i ka meaola e noho ana ma mua o chlorine disinfection. I ka hoomaemae no ia i ka wai me ka'okikene kolu ho okumu ia lŘlŘʻawahia nā mea loaʻa o ka methane mea pepehi halogen hookomoia.

Increasingly, ua hoʻohana 'ia i kēia? Aneeo iaoia o sterilization i loko o ka meaʻai oihana puolo. 'okikene kolu ia me ka refrigeration pono, neeaaa no huahana me kōkua lawe ia mai i ka wehe 'ia o ka ala.

No ka 'inikua disinfectant waiwai o ka'okikene kolu mea i paʻa mau. Ka mea, disinfect i ka eha, Saline pāʻoihana. Ozonated venous koko, e like me "honi" kinoea hana i ka helu o ka maʻi ka maʻi.

I ka 'ano a me ka waiwai

Simple waiwai'okikene kolu - hehee ai kinoea haku mele 'ana stratosphere māhele' āina kokoke lewa e waiho ana ma ka mamao o kahi o 20-30 ei mai ka 'ilikai. Hoʻokaʻawale o keia hui ia lŘlŘ i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana pili me ka uila hookuuia, i kuʻihao, ka copier nakeke. Akā, i loko o ka stratosphere ka mea, ua hana, a he 99% o ka heluna nui o ka'okikene kolu makana i loko o ka honua i ka lewa.

Nui hooiaioia i ke alo o ke kinoea i loko o ka makahiki kokoke-Honua. Uaʻano a malaila i ka ai-kapaia'okikene kolu, ahu iho, a i malama a pau ke ola, mai lethal ultraviolet pāhawewe lā. Oddly lawa, akā, ma luna o ka par me ka nui pono, ke kinoea iho ka pilikia i kānaka. Mahuahua o ka lehulehu o ka'okikene kolu i loko o ka lewa hanu kanaka nā palapala no ka meaola, no ka mea, o kona lōʻihi reactivity.