Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna, ka wahine a Gorky ka: he pōkole Kawaihae

Ekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova-Volzhina - he mea kupaianaha wahine, nona ka inoa ua pinepineʻia ka wā iā Kawaihae a me moʻolelo mai ke ola o Maksima Gorkogo. Ma keia hihia, i nui na kanaka i ike i ka mea, i kekahi o na Mamua o ka hui i kapa e like me ka Kalaiaina Red kea, a mai ka 1918 a hiki i 1937, ua hana i loko o ka hoʻolako 'ana i kōkua i ka poʻe pio i loko o ka halepaahao o ke Soviet Rusia, a me ka USSR.

Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna: Kawaihae

Children o ka maikaiʻohana i loko o ka kakahiaka 19th kenekulia, e like me ka rula, he poe pio o ko lākou mau kumu. Eia naʻe, ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia ke kulana i loli, mahope mai ua lilo ia i mea ilihune nui kona mau lala o keia ano, a me kā lākou poʻe keiki, a no ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mamo o ka waena i ka papa a me ka hana, māhunehune e welau halawai.

I waena o kēia mau aliʻi keiki mai Hune ohana waiwai a me Katya Volzhina (ma hope o ka mare Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna). Ua Ua hānauʻia i loko o kekahi aliʻi ohana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Sumy. No kekahi mea i ike kumu, hōʻike i ka lā o ka hānauʻia i loko o ka 3 palapala i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. Naʻe, kauoha aku ka mea, i lokomaikai mai ia Katya Volzhina i hānau i loko o July 1876. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua neʻe kona ohana i Samara, me he makua kāne, e hana 'āpuka aie, lilo aku la i kona mau waiwai nui. Aia, hele aku la ka ohana, e noho i loko o ka hale rooming ma uku o ka makuwahine, i mea māhunehune lawa e uku i ka hoolimalima. Kela manawa, mai 4th papa grammar hoomaka Katya e hāʻawi haʻawina, no ka mea, koʻu makua kāne, ua seriously mai. Eia hou, ua kokua mai o kona makuwahine, ka poe i holo i ka ai lumi kuke no ka pōloli.

I ka 1895, Ana puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe me ka mekala a koke hoʻoholo e kiʻi i ka hana. Ua hana loa koke ia, no laila, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka loaʻa 'ana o ka palapala o ke kaikamahine ua ka limahana "Samara nupepa" a me ka hana i ka hana o ka corrector.

Familiarity me ka mea opiopio Gorky

In Edition "Samara nupepa" hui Ana Volzhina me Alekseem Peshkovym, ka mea mai ka manawa i ka manawa paʻiʻia i loko o kēia paiia. Ma waena o keiki kanaka, i lilo ai i ka puahiohio Awaits. Ua i aneane he makahiki ke kaikamahine mau mākua i i me ke koho ana o kana kaikamahine i. Ka mea, a hiki hoouna aku la ia i Kronstadt, me ka manao i kona aloha i ka mea kākau moʻolelo-kipi i mālama aku ai i ka lōʻihi kaawale ana. Akā, hoʻopaʻi, i hoʻoholo i ole ia: Paul Volzhin e ola mai a hiki i ka hoi ana mai o na kaikamahine mai o ka huakaʻi, a me ka wahine kāne make i ole ālai ia 'aʻe me kana kaikamahine. Me kona hoʻopōmaikaʻi ma ke kauwela o 1896 Ana a me Max ua mare. A ma hope iho e Ana Volzhina hoʻololi i kona inoa a hiki i Peshkov, a i ole hoololi ia ma mua o ka pauʻana o ke ola.

mare

I ka 1897 i ka hui i kā lākou keiki Max, a laila, ke kaikamahine a Katya, ka poe i make o ka meningitis ka wā āna i ua māhunehune 5 makahiki.

Ua kaumaha hanana ana koke ma hope o hoʻoneʻe i ka ohana opiopio i Nizhny Novgorod. Ke kaikamahine o ka make i ke kumu o ka hoopio ai hoi i waena o noho male, a ma ka hope o 1903 Peshkov hookaawaleiaʻe la ia ma ka ae ae, o ka oi ia Gorky i kekahi wahine. Naʻe, hoopaa iho la o ka mea, a hiki i kona ola i ka loa mahana pili. Aia ka hōʻike i ka olelo hoohemo Aleksey Maksimovich a me Yekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova aole loa formalized. Ma kākoʻo mai o keia assertion o ka mea i Gorky ole hou hui kekahi kakau mare, eia nae aole i manawa, e hele ana me na wahine.

E noho nei ma kahi e aku

I ka 1907, a me ka 10-makahiki-kahiko keiki Maxim Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna hele wale aku no. Aia ka mea, i noho aiʻano nui i loko o Palika. Soon, ka wahine mua a Gorky ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻomau i kona hoʻonaʻauao, a hoomaka ae la e hele ka 'ōlelo Palani' ōlelo papa a me nā haʻi'ōlelo ma 'epekema kaiapili ma Sorbonne University. Ia laua a hiki i keia, ka mea, o Laielohelohe i ka hana o ke koʻikoʻi a hanohano kōkua o ka hale paʻahao, a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia, i hoʻonohonoho' ia V. N. Figner. Abroad Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna (e nānā Hawaii photo. Ma luna, ma loko o kona wa opiopio) hui i ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, a me kekahi hana i loko o ka immigrant oihana, destined no ka hoʻolālā o nā kōkua Lūkini kālai'āina emigrants.

Iloko o ka First World War

I ka 1914, Peshkov i alai ai i na keiki ka komite "E kōkua i ka luahi o ka kaua" a hoʻonohonoho i ka hui o nāʻaʻa, nana no ka haʻalele Nā hana ma hope o ka mua laina. Ma keia hana, ua kokua I. N. Saharov - kupuna kāne A. D. Saharova.

Ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma ka hale ia ia ke lawe mai nui pomaikai, Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna, hoi aku la ia Rusia kana keiki pu me. Lākou alanui ua piha o ka hoike ia, like no ka mea, o ka mea pili aupuni kulana hana, oiai i loko o ke ao nei, mai Italia ka mea, i ka hele ma ka moku i Constantinople, a mai laila aku a hiki i kiʻi i Odessa.

Na hana o ka Red Keʻa

O ka poe i ike Ekaterinu Peshkovu, kapa aku la ia i kekahi kanaka o philanthropic ano, mahope mai o ka hapa nui o kona ola i hoolaa ai i na kanaka, no ka kekahi kumu paha kekahi loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o ke kahua, kahi a lakou i hiki ole ke kōkua lākou iā lākou iho. A hiki i ka noho ana ma kahi e aku, hoomaka ae la ke kaikamahine, e kōkua 'ana me ka Red kea, a hoomau i ka huli i pio, a ma hope o hoi ka home.

Iloko o ka Bolshevik makaʻu Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna hana mau, e hana no ka Red Keʻa. Bolshevik hui ua,ʻaʻole e pono, akā, i ke aupuni o ka opiopio Repubalika hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo ia, no ka mea, komo pū ka mahalo i na kii me Korolenko, Kropotkin, a me Veresaev Figner. I ka Ia manawa, aia no he hou ka nalu o pili pio, e kū'ē'ē 'ana me nā kulekele o ke RSDLP (b).

"Makeke-ana" me ka KGB a me NKVD

Moscow Komite o ka Red kea, e kipa Peshkova aoia mai halepaahao. Cheka keia i ke ku imua o, a nana aku la ma kona hana ma kona mau manamanalima. Ua malamaia o kekahi hōʻike i ke oiai ma-wahine o Gorky mai kekahi o kona mau huakaʻi ma kahi e lawe mai i loko o F. Dzerzhinsky haawina waha'ōlelo. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ke kumu o kēia mau hoahanau o ka makemake e hoʻopaʻa i Gorky Lenin i nāʻano a pau e kiʻi kona kākoʻo.

Aka hoi, i ka 1919 a hiki i Ekaterinu Pavlovnu Ua weheia hoʻokolokolo 'waihona. Ua Ua i hoopiiia no no a hiki i ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party. Iloko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana, ka wahine i loko o ka hale i huli, akā, ia ia i hopu, a ma ka 1922 o ka hihia ua paʻa.

Pompolit

I ka 1922, Ekaterina Peshkova (ka wahine a Gorky ka) ua hana i ka hou hui. Ke kanaka i kapa ia Pompolitom no ka mea, ua ho'āʻo kona aaiuo e e ola maʻalahi i loko o ka hale paʻahao o na halepaahao na tausani o ka poʻe e noho ana i luahi o ka pili aupuni repression. Loa pinepine, he wahine kipa pio iloko o ka huli o ka pio, ai hoʻoili ma ka Polish Red Keʻa. Eia hou kekahi, Ekaterina Peshkova (wahine o Gorky) pinepine ae la oia hele ma kahi e, e hoala mai haawina no ka starving Volga. A me kona invaluable na makana no ke ola ana o ka poe Iudaio, i hoopiiia no Zionism, he nui no a ua kōkua e emigrate i Palesetina.

'Oiai, i ka 1938 Pompolit i paʻa ma luna o nā kauoha o ke NKVD, Ekaterina Pavlovna hana mau, e kōkua i ka poe a pau i huli ia ia. I ka 1941 ka mea i evacuated ia Tashkent, kahi āna i noho ai a hiki i ke kaua i pau ai.

I na makahiki hope o kona ola

Peshkova Ekaterina Pavlovna, Kawaihae a au i ike no na makahiki hana like me ka nui i nā Archives A. Gorky Institute o World me Moʻolelo. He make ma hope o ka lōʻihi maʻi i loko o 1965. Ua Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma Novodevichy pā ilina, e hiki mai ana i kana keiki, a me ka kaikamahine.

ke keiki

E like me ua oleloia, o ka hanau mua Peshkov - Maxim - Ua hānauʻia i ka 1897. Ka hapa nui o kona wā kamaliʻi, ua lilo ia me kona makuwahine wale aku. Ma kona hoʻi i ka 1917, ua hui i ka RSDLP. Ua aneane koke ma hope o ia au hoʻomaka 'ana ka hana i loko o ka KGB, kahi āna i' ole me nā kumuhana me ka ai na lako o ke kulanakauhale alii. I ka 1922 haʻaleleʻo ia iā Italy. He noho ma Pelelina. Pinepine ia i hālāwai me Gorky. I ka 1932, pu me kona makua kāne a me kāna wahine, hoi aku la a hiki i ka USSR. Ua ua ike i ka mea, ua pinepine kono ia iho, a solder Commissar o ka NKVD Yagoda. I kekahi lā, i kona hoi ana mai o ka kekahiʻahaʻaina, ma ke anuʻawaʻawa, ia ia e noho ana i loko o ka pā hale, loa anu a me ka make o ka pneumonia.

Ano, e ike i ua Peshkov Ekaterina Pavlovna. Nā Memories o ka poʻe iʻike maka i kona hana ana me ke kea, a Pompolite Red i emi iho ia me he kanaka ka mea i hoʻolaʻa i kona ola i ke aloha - e kōkua kanaka i loaʻa iā lākou iho i ka pilikia ke ola wahi, i hiki.